|
Société Haitiano-Américaine De Développement Agricole
The Société Haïtiano-Américane de Développement Agricole, also known as SHADA, was a joint venture between the United States of America and Haiti to expand wartime production of rubber in the Haitian countryside. This program was established in 1941 and ran until it was largely discontinued in 1944.Smith, Matthew J. Red & Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934–1957'' Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. Background During the outbreak of World War II, an axis blockade cut off American rubber supplies from Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. In 1939, the United States Department of Agriculture began a program to develop rubber production in the tropical Americas. Haitian president Sténio Vincent requested an agricultural advisor from the United States, and on the recommendations of Thomas Barbour and David Fairchild, Thomas A. Fennell was selected and was sent to Haiti. In 1940, Harold F. Loomis of the USDA conducted a rubber survey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Of America
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hevea Brasiliensis
''Hevea brasiliensis'', the Pará rubber tree, ''sharinga'' tree, seringueira, or most commonly, rubber tree or rubber plant, is a flowering plant belonging to the spurge family Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ... originally native to the Amazon basin, but is now pantropical in distribution due to introductions. It is the most economically important member of the genus ''Hevea'' because the milky latex extracted from the tree is the primary source of natural rubber. Description ''H. brasiliensis'' is a tall deciduous tree growing to a height of up to in the wild, but cultivated trees are usually much smaller because drawing off the latex restricts the growth of the tree. The trunk is cylindrical and may have a swollen, bottle-shaped base. The bark is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisal
Sisal (, ) (''Agave sisalana'') is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico, but widely cultivated and naturalized in many other countries. It yields a stiff fibre used in making rope and various other products. The term sisal may refer either to the plant's common name or the fibre, depending on the context. The sisal fibre is traditionally used for rope and twine, and has many other uses, including paper, cloth, footwear, hats, bags, carpets, geotextiles, and dartboards. It is also used as fibre reinforcements for composite fibreglass, rubber, and concrete products. Taxonomy The native origin of ''Agave sisalana'' is uncertain. Traditionally, it was deemed to be a native of the Yucatán Peninsula, but no records exist of botanical collections from there. They were originally shipped from the Spanish colonial port of Sisal in Yucatán (thus the name). The Yucatán plantations now cultivate henequen (''Agave fourcroydes''). H.S. Gentry hypothesized a Chiapas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jérémie
Jérémie ( ht, Jeremi) is a commune and capital city of the Grand'Anse department in Haiti. It had a population of about 31,000 at the 2003 census. It is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. The Grande-Anse River flows near the city. Jérémie is called ''the city of the poets'' because of the numerous writers, poets, and historians born there. History During 1762, French General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas was born here. He is mostly known for fighting under Napoleon in Italy and Egypt. In 1964, during the Jérémie Vespers, the Haitian army and the ''Tonton Macoutes'' massacred 27 people in Jérémie. In the early 2000s, archaeologists uncovered an ancient synagogue of Crypto-Jews in the city, the only one found on the island. Jérémie has historically been inhabited by many mixed-race families of Jewish descent. In the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake, a food aid convoy transporting aid delivered to Jérémie Airport through Jérémie encountered a hijackin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptostegia
''Cryptostegia'' is a genus of flowering plants native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. The genus is in the family Apocynaceae. Description ''Cryptostegia'' includes three species of slender, many-stemmed, woody, perennial vines. When their stems or leaves are damaged they exude a milky latex that is extremely toxic to livestock; it contains cardiac glycosides that cause sudden death, especially after violent exertion. Though the latex is of good quality it is not used commercially. ''Cryptostegia'' are evergreen and are grown for their showy ornamental vines. They are vigorous and self-supporting and their vines sometimes attain a length of 15m. Leaves are ovate, opposite, glossy and dark green. They are 6–10 cm long and 3–5 cm wide. Clusters of large, showy, funnel-shaped flowers with 5 white to rose-pink or reddish-purple petals bloom in summer after the wet season. Seed pods are rigid 10–12 cm long and 3–4 cm wide, and grow in pairs at the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forêt Des Pins
The Hispaniolan pine forests are a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The ecoregion covers , or about 15% of the island. It lies at elevations greater than in the mountains of Hispaniola, extending from the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic and into the Massif du Nord of Haiti. It is surrounded at lower elevations by the Hispaniolan moist forests and Hispaniolan dry forests ecoregions, which cover the remainder of the island. Annual rainfall is . Flora The natural vegetation of the region consists primarily of stands of pino criollo ('' Pinus occidentalis''). Pines are mixed with other conifers, including sabina (''Juniperus gracilior'') and ''Podocarpus aristulatus'' (syn. ''P. buchii''). Below , pine forests are found on lateritic soils and are interspersed with areas of wet montane forest. Important broad-leaved species are ''Garrya fadyenii'' and ''Vaccinium c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haematoxylon Campechianum
''Haematoxylum campechianum'' (blackwood, bloodwood tree, bluewood, campeachy tree, campeachy wood, campeche logwood, campeche wood, Jamaica wood, logwood or logwood tree) is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to southern Mexico,where it is known as ''Árbol de campeche'', and introduced to the Caribbean, northern Central America, and other localities around the world. The tree was of great economic importance from the 17th century to the 19th century, when it was commonly logged and exported to Europe for use in dyeing fabrics. The modern nation of Belize developed from 17th- and 18th-century logging camps established by the English. The tree's scientific name means "bloodwood" (''haima'' being Greek for blood and ''xylon'' for wood). Uses ''Haematoxylum campechianum'' was used for a long time as a natural source of dye. The woodchips are still used as an important source of haematoxylin, which is used in histology for staining. The bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Joseph Maurice Dartigue
Jean Joseph Maurice Dartigue (1903–1983) was a Haitian public official and educational reformer. He believed the cause of problems in Haiti stemmed from the nation's poor educational system. He continued his work with UNESCO in Africa until the end of his career. Early life Maurice Dartigue was born in Les Cayes, Haiti in 1903. His father was Jean Baptiste Dartigue, a lawyer, député, and Governor of the South. Maurice had two sisters and a brother. Dartigue attended the Petit Séminaire Collège Saint-Martial. In 1924, he attended Haiti's Faculty of Law. However, he dropped out of law school after his first year. He then enrolled in the École Centrale d'Agriculture (Central School of Agriculture) and graduated in 1926. From 1927 through 1928, he traveled to the United States to begin working towards a master's degree at Teachers College, Columbia University. It was here that he met his future wife, Esther Reithoffer. Career In 1926 Dartigue was hired as an assistant to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Export–Import Bank Of The United States
The Export–Import Bank of the United States (EXIM) is the official export credit agency (ECA) of the United States federal government. Operating as a wholly owned federal government corporation, the bank "assists in financing and facilitating U.S. exports of goods and services", particularly when private sector lenders are unable or unwilling to provide financing. Its current chairman and president, Reta Jo Lewis, was confirmed by the Senate on February 9, 2022. The Export-Import Bank was established in 1934 as the Export-Import Bank of Washington by an executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its stated goal was "to aid in financing and to facilitate exports and imports and the exchange of commodities between the United States and other Nations or the agencies or nationals thereof." The bank's first transaction was a $3.8 million loan to Cuba in 1935 for the purchase of U.S. silver ingots. In 1945, it was made an independent agency within the executive branch by C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Élie Lescot
Antoine Louis Léocardie Élie Lescot (December 9, 1883 – October 20, 1974) was the President of Haiti from May 15, 1941 to January 11, 1946. He was a member of the country's mixed-race elite. He used the political climate of World War II to sustain his power and ties to the United States, Haiti's powerful northern neighbor. His administration presided over a period of economic downturn and harsh political repression of dissidents. Early life Lescot was born in Saint-Louis-du-Nord to a middle-class mixed-race family, descended from free persons of color in the colonial era. He traveled to Port-au-Prince to study pharmacy after completing his secondary education in Cap-Haïtien. He settled in Port-de-Paix to work in the export-import business. After his first wife died in 1911, Lescot entered politics. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies two years later. After a four-year stay in France during the United States occupation of Haiti (1915 to 1934), he returned and held po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republika sang Filipinas * ibg, Republika nat Filipinas * ilo, Republika ti Filipinas * ivv, Republika nu Filipinas * pam, Republika ning Filipinas * krj, Republika kang Pilipinas * mdh, Republika nu Pilipinas * mrw, Republika a Pilipinas * pag, Republika na Filipinas * xsb, Republika nin Pilipinas * sgd, Republika nan Pilipinas * tgl, Republika ng Pilipinas * tsg, Republika sin Pilipinas * war, Republika han Pilipinas * yka, Republika si Pilipinas In the recognized optional languages of the Philippines: * es, República de las Filipinas * ar, جمهورية الفلبين, Jumhūriyyat al-Filibbīn is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean and consists of around 7,641 islands t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harley Harris Bartlett
Harley Harris Bartlett (March 9, 1886 – February 21, 1960) was an American botanist, biochemist, and anthropologist. He was an expert in tropical botany and an authority on Batak language and culture. Early life Bartlett was born in Anaconda, Montana on March 9, 1886. His family moved to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1899, and he was enrolled in Shortridge High School. It was here where he cultivated his interests in botany, geology, and chemistry. After his graduation, he remained at the school as an assistant in botany and chemistry. Bartlett studied chemistry at Harvard University, receiving his A.B. in 1908. He was brought on as an undergraduate assistant at the Gray Herbarium, working under Merritt Lyndon Fernald and Benjamin Lincoln Robinson. Career Bartlett was hired by the Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture, where he worked on plant nutrition and biochemistry as well as taxonomy. Inspired by botanist Hugo de Vries, he began publishing on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
