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Social Facilitation In Animals
Social facilitation in animals is when the performance of a behaviour by an animal increases the probability of other animals also engaging in that behaviour or increasing the intensity of the behaviour. More technically, it is said to occur when the performance of an instinctive pattern of behaviour by an individual acts as a releaser for the same behaviour in others, and so initiates the same line of action in the whole group.Wheeler, L., (1966). Toward a theory of behavioral contagion. Psychological Review, 73: 179-192. It has been phrased as "The energizing of dominant behaviors by the presence of others." Social facilitation occurs in a wide variety of species under a range of circumstances. These include feeding, scavenging,Jackson, A.L., Ruxton, G.D. and Houston, D.C. (2008). The effect of social facilitation on foraging success in vultures: a modelling study. Biology Letters, 4: 311–313. teaching, sexual behaviour, coalition formation, group displays, flocking beha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agapornis Nigrigenis -London Zoo-8a
Lovebird is the common name for the genus ''Agapornis'', a small group of parrots in the Old World parrot family Psittaculidae. Of the nine species in the genus, all are native to the African continent, with the grey-headed lovebird being native to the African island of Madagascar. Social and affectionate, the name comes from the parrots' strong, monogamous pair bonding and the long periods which paired birds spend sitting together. Lovebirds live in small flocks and eat fruit, vegetables, grasses, and seeds. Black-winged lovebirds also eat insects and figs, and black-collared lovebirds have a special dietary requirement for native figs, making them difficult to keep in captivity. Some species are kept as pets, and several coloured mutations have been selectively bred in aviculture. The average lifespan is 20 to 30 years. Description Lovebirds are in length, up to 24 cm in wingspan with 9 cm for a single wing and in weight. They are among the smallest parrots, char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dustbathing
Dust bathing (also called sand bathing) is an animal behavior characterized by rolling or moving around in dust, dry earth or sand, with the likely purpose of removing parasites from fur, feathers or skin. Dust bathing is a maintenance behavior performed by a wide range of mammalian and avian species. For some animals, dust baths are necessary to maintain healthy feathers, skin, or fur, similar to bathing in water or wallowing in mud. In some mammals, dust bathing may be a way of transmitting chemical signals (or pheromones) to the ground which marks an individual's territory. Birds Birds cower close to the ground while taking a dust bath, vigorously wriggling their bodies and flapping their wings. This disperses loose substrate into the air. The birds spread one or both wings which allows the falling substrate to fall between the feathers and reach the skin. The dust bath is often followed by thorough shaking to further ruffle the feathers which may be accompanied with p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tina M
Tina may refer to: People *Tina (given name), people and fictional characters with the given name ''Tina'' Places *Tina, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran *Tina, Tunisia, a town in Sfax Governorate, Tunisia * Tina, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands *Al-Tina, a Palestinian Arab village depopulated in 1948 *Tina, a village in Livezi Commune, Vâlcea County, Romania United States *Tina, Missouri, a village in Carroll County * Tina, Kentucky, an unincorporated community *Tina, West Virginia, a former settlement Acronyms *There is no alternative, a political slogan of Margaret Thatcher *This Is Not Art, Newcastle event *TINA, Truth in Advertising (organization), also called TINA.org or truthinadvertising.org *Twisted intercalating nucleic acid Music *''Tina!'', a 2008 compilation album by Tina Turner * ''T.I.N.A.'' (album), a 2014 album by British-Ghanaian singer-rapper Fuse ODG * ''Tina'' (musical), a 2018 jukebox musical Songs * "T.I.N.A." (song), song by Fuse ODG from album ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agelaia Pallipes
''Agelaia pallipes'' is a species of social paper wasp found from Costa Rica to Argentina and Paraguay. ''A. pallipes'' is ground-nesting and is one of the most aggressive wasps in South America. This species is a predator of other insects, including flies, moths, and ground crickets, as well as baby birds. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''A. pallipes'' is part of the family Vespidae, subfamily Polistinae, tribe Epiponini, and subsequently the genus '' Agelaia''. Vespidae is characterized by the eusociality of its members. Eusociality refers to the complex organization of animal behavior and is defined by these four attributes: adults live in groups, cooperative care of juveniles, reproductive division of labor where only specific members have the capacity to reproduce, and an overlap of generations. In Polistinae, prey and other food resources are masticated and fed to larvae, who in turn give back a clear but nutritious liquid which the adults then consume. The Epopini is a tribe of Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Griffon Vulture
The Eurasian griffon vulture (''Gyps fulvus'') is a large Old World vulture in the bird of prey family Accipitridae. It may also be known as the Griffon vulture, though it may be used for the genus as a whole. It is not to be confused with Rüppell's griffon vulture (''Gyps rueppellii''). It is closely related to the white-backed vulture (''Gyps africanus''). Description The griffon vulture is long with a wingspan. In the nominate race the males weigh and females typically weigh , while in the Indian subspecies (''G. f. fulvescens''), the vultures average . Extreme adult weights have been reported from , the latter likely a weight attained in captivity. Hatched naked, it is a typical Old World vulture in appearance, with a very white head, very broad wings and short tail feathers. It has a white neck ruff and yellow bill. The buff body and wing coverts contrast with the dark flight feathers. Distribution and habitat In Italy, the species managed to survive only in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Wheatear
The black wheatear (''Oenanthe leucura'') is a wheatear, a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family, Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher of the Muscicapidae. This large 16–18 cm long wheatear breeds on cliffs and rocky slopes in western north Africa and Iberia. It is largely resident and nests in crevices in rocks laying 3-6 eggs. The male of this species is all black except a white rump and mainly white tail. The female is similar, but dark brown rather than black. The similar white-crowned wheatear, ''Oenanthe leucopyga,'' also breeds in the African part of the black wheatear's range, but the black wheatear has a black inverted "T" on its white tail, whereas white-crowned has only a black centre to its tail. The black wheatear never has a white crown, but young white-crowned wheatears also lack this feature. The food of this wheatear is mainly insects. It has a loud thrush-like song. Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conspecifics
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species. Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing something special. Each animal or plant species is special. It differs in some way from all other species...biological specificity is the major problem about understanding life." Biological specificity within ''Homo sapiens'' ''Homo sapiens'' has many characteristics that show the biological specificity in the form of behavior and morphological traits. Morphologically, humans have an enlarged cranial capacity and more gracile features in comparison to other hominins. The reduction of dentition is a feature that allows for the advantage of adaptability in diet and survival. As a species, humans are culture dependent and much of human survival relies on the culture and soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawn Chorus (birds)
The dawn chorus occurs when Birdsong, birds sing at the start of a new day. In temperate countries this is most noticeable in spring when the birds are either defending a Territory (animal), breeding territory, trying to attract a mate or calling in the flock. In a given location it is common for different species to do their dawn singing at different times. In a study of the Ecuadorian forest, it was determined that birds perching higher in the trees and birds with larger eyes tend to pipe up first.Jamieson, Barrie Gillean Molyneux (editor) (2007) ''Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Birds: Sexual selection, behavior, conservation, embryology, genetics'' (Part B of ''Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Birds'') Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, page 183, These correlations may be caused by the fact that both would also correlate with the amount of light perceived by the bird. Moller used a play-back technique to investigate the effects of singing by the black wheat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavioral Contagion
Behavioral contagion is a form of social contagion involving the spread of behavior through a group. It refers to the propensity for a person to copy a certain behavior of others who are either in the vicinity, or whom they have been exposed to. The term was originally used by Gustave Le Bon in his 1895 work '' The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind'' to explain undesirable aspects of behavior of people in crowds. In the digital age, behavioral contagion is also concerned with the spread of online behavior and information. A variety of behavioral contagion mechanisms were incorporated in models of collective human behavior. Behavioral contagion has been attributed to a variety of different factors. Often it is distinguished from collective behavior that arises from a direct attempt at social influence. A prominent theory involves the reduction of restraints, put forth by Fritz Redl in 1949 and analyzed in depth by Ladd Wheeler in 1966. Social psychologists acknowledge a number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Facilitation
Social facilitation is a social phenomenon in which being in the presence of others improves individual task performance. That is, people do better on tasks when they are with other people rather than when they are doing the task alone. Situations that elicit social facilitation include coaction, performing for an audience, and appears to depend on task complexity. Norman Triplett's early investigations describes social facilitation to occur during instances of coaction, which is performing a task in the presence of other people performing a similar task, while not necessarily engaging in direct interactions with each other. Triplett first observed this in cyclists, finding that cyclists rode at faster speeds when competing against other cyclists compared to when cycling alone. Social facilitation has also been known to occur when performing a task in front of an audience, or during periods of observation, sometimes referred to as audience effects. For instance, during exercise M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethology
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviourism as a term also describes the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually referring to measured responses to stimuli or to trained behavioural responses in a laboratory context, without a particular emphasis on evolutionary adaptivity. Throughout history, different naturalists have studied aspects of animal behaviour. Ethology has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three recipients of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Phys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
