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Snowbank Fungus
A snowbank fungus is any one of a number of diverse species of fungus, fungi that occur adjacent to or within melting snow. They are most commonly found in the mountains of western North America where a deep snowpack accumulates during the winter and slowly melts through the spring and summer, often shaded by coniferous forest. They may be saprotrophic, mycorrhizae, mycorrhizal, or in the case of ''Caloscypha, Caloscypha fulgens'', pathogenic. History William Bridge Cooke was the first to discuss the snowbank fungi as a distinct ecological group in 1944 when he discussed the fungal flora of Mount Shasta in California. He followed this with another publication 11 years later. In his 1975 book ''A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms'', Alexander H. Smith discussed what he called the "snowbank flora", noting "It seems obvious to me that the species in this group are well established throughout the forest zone, and have adjusted to this fruiting pattern, possibly as a response to the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Glacialis
''Clitocybe glacialis'' is a species of mushroom in the family Tricholomataceae. Formerly known as ''Lyophyllum montanum'', this is a snowbank fungus, snowbank mushroom, always associated with melting snow along snowbanks and thus ''glacialis''. Originally described by Alexander H. Smith in 1957, this North American species is typically found growing under conifers on mountains. Taxonomy The original specimen was collected in the Medicine Bow Mountains in Wyoming by mycologist Harry D. Thiers. In 1957, Alexander H. Smith, who had received the specimen from Thiers, described it as ''Lyophyllum montanum'', placing it in the genus ''Lyophyllum'' because of its dark gray color and gills that became ash-gray (''cinereous'') with age. However, it later became clear that this species lacked siderophilous granules—iron-absorbing particles that darken when heated in acetocarmine—a trait characteristic of other ''Lyophyllum'' species. For this reason, Redhead ''et al.'' in 2000 moved t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Clandestinus
''Cortinarius clandestinus'' is a species of fungus in the Cortinariaceae family. It was first described in 1932 by Calvin Henry Kauffman from a specimen collected amongst moss under Douglas firs and hemlock at Lake Cushman, Washington. Kauffman states that it is found in the states of New York, Colorado and Washington. The cap is golden brown and dry, with dark brown fibrillose scales. The flesh is yellowish (darker when fresh) and fairly fragile. It has an odour resembling radish. The gills are close and yellowish. The stem is equal or somewhat clavate, with yellowish veil fibrils and perhaps a ring demarcation. The European species ''Cortinarius melanotus'' is similar, with a brownish veil on the stem. ''C. cotoneus'' is tougher, with lighter fibrils. ''C. venetus'' var. ''montanus'' is greenish, with a yellow veil when young and a tomentose cap. References External links''Cortinarius clandestinus'' occurrence datafrom GBIF The Global Biodiversity Information Facility ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygrophorus Subalpinus
''Hygrophorus subalpinus'', commonly known as the subalpine waxycap, is a species of white snowbank fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in the mountains of western North America, it is found growing on the ground under conifers, usually near snowbanks. Description The cap of ''H. subalpinus'' is typically in diameter, with a convex shape that becomes flattened in age; sometimes it develops a central umbo (a rounded elevation resembling a nipple). The cap is sticky, white, and the cap margin often has fragments of the veil adhering. The flesh is soft, thick and white. The gills, which are attached decurrently to the stipe (running down the length of the stipe), are narrow, packed closely together, and white-colored. The stipe is white, long and thick at the apex; when young the base of the stipe is bulbous but as it grows it thins and becomes almost the same width as at the top of the stem. A membranous annulus is present, placed low on the stipe. The mushroom has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygrophorus Marzuolus
''Hygrophorus marzuolus'', commonly known as the March mushroom, is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is known from Asia, Europe, and North America, where it grows on the ground in mixed forests at high elevations. Taxonomy The species was originally described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 as ''Agaricus marzuolus'', and transferred to ''Hygrophorus'' in 1893 by Giacomo Bresadola. It is commonly known as the "March mushroom". Description The fruit bodies have caps that are broadly convex, measuring in diameter. Their surfaces are smooth and sticky, with a pale greyish-brown center and darker brown to blackish-grey margin. The distantly spaced, broad gills have an adnate to adnexed attachment to the stipe, and two tiers of intervening lamellulae (short gills). The gills are initially white before turning gray to bluish-gray in age. The whitish stipe measures long by thick, and is either equal in width throughout or tapers slightly towards the base. The sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygrophorus Goetzii
''Hygrophorus goetzii'' (''Hygrophorus goetzei'' is an orthographical variant spelling) is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is a snowbank mushroom with a rosy-pink cap that fades to cream color in maturity. Taxonomy The species was first described officially by American mycologists Lexemuel Ray Hesler and Alexander H. Smith in their 1963 monograph on North American ''Hygrophorus'' species. The type collection was made near Timberline Lodge in Mt. Hood, Oregon on July 7, 1959. The specific epithet ''goetzii'' honors Donald and Christel Goetze, who collected the type specimens. Hesler and Smith classified it in the section ''Fulventes'' of subsection ''Camarophylli'' of genus ''Hygrophorus''. Description The cap ranges in shape from obtuse to broadly convex, to nearly flattened, measuring in diameter. It has a smooth, slimy or sticky surface that is initially rosy-pink before fading to cream color, and grayish pinkish-buff when dry. The pallid to cream-col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strobilurus Occidentalis
''Strobilurus'' may refer to either of two different genera of organisms: * ''Strobilurus (fungi) ''Strobilurus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Physalacriaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in temperate regions, and contains 10 species. Species of ''Strobilurus'' grow on pine cone A conifer cone (in formal botanical usag ...'', a genus of fungus * '' Strobilurus'', a genus of lizard containing the single species ''S. torquatus'' {{disamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strobilurus Albipilatus
''Strobilurus'' may refer to either of two different genera of organisms: * ''Strobilurus (fungi) ''Strobilurus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Physalacriaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in temperate regions, and contains 10 species. Species of ''Strobilurus'' grow on pine cone A conifer cone (in formal botanical usag ...'', a genus of fungus * '' Strobilurus'', a genus of lizard containing the single species ''S. torquatus'' {{disamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cone
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines connecting a common point, the apex, to all of the points on a base that is in a plane that does not contain the apex. Depending on the author, the base may be restricted to be a circle, any one-dimensional quadratic form in the plane, any closed one-dimensional figure, or any of the above plus all the enclosed points. If the enclosed points are included in the base, the cone is a solid object; otherwise it is a two-dimensional object in three-dimensional space. In the case of a solid object, the boundary formed by these lines or partial lines is called the ''lateral surface''; if the lateral surface is unbounded, it is a conical surface. In the case of line segments, the cone does not extend beyond the base, while in the case of half-lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycena Overholtsii
''Mycena overholtsii'', commonly known as the snowbank fairy helmet or fuzzy foot, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. The mushrooms produced by the fungus are relatively large for the genus ''Mycena'', with convex grayish caps up to in diameter and stems up to long. The gills on the underside of the cap are whitish to pale gray, and initially closely spaced before becoming well-spaced at maturity after the cap enlarges. The mushrooms are characterized by the dense covering of white "hairs" on the base of the stem. ''M. overholtsii'' is an example of a snowbank fungus, growing on well-decayed conifer logs near snowbanks, during or just after snowmelt. Formerly known only from high-elevation areas of western North America, particularly the Rocky Mountain and Cascade regions, it was reported for the first time in Japan in 2010. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. ''M. overholtsii'' can be distinguished from other comparable species by differences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyophyllum
''Lyophyllum'' is a genus of about 40 species of fungi, widespread in north temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ... regions. Species References Lyophyllaceae Agaricales genera {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lentinellus Montanus
''Lentinellus montanus'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae. It is found at high elevations in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it fruits singly or in clumps on decaying conifer wood. Taxonomy The species was officially described by American mycologist Orson K. Miller in 1965. The type collection was made in McCall, Idaho on June 26, 1963. Description The fruit bodies of ''Lentinellus montanus'' are sessile, meaning that they lack a stipe and grow directly on the substrate. The shell-shaped to fan-shaped cap measures in diameter. It is dark brown to red brown in color, except for the margins, which are light cinnamon to pale pinkish-buff. It is moist (but not sticky), somewhat hairy to shaggy in the center of the cap but smooth elsewhere. The gills are broad, somewhat distantly spaced, and interspersed with long lamellulae (gills that do not extend completely from the stipe to the cap margin). They have coarsely serrated edges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Albirhiza
''Clitocybe albirhiza'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. It is found in high-elevation locations in the western United States. Taxonomy American mycologists Howard E. Bigelow and Alexander H. Smith first described the species officially in 1963, from specimens collected in June, 1954, near Payette Lake, Idaho. The species name refers to mycelial cords (rhizomorphs), which extend from the base. Description The cap measures , and is initially convex before flattening and finally becoming funnel-shaped. Its color depends on its state of hydration: when dry, it is buff; when wet, it is cinnamon-buff to clay color (often with concentric differentiations); new blooms are typically whitish. The gills have an adnate to decurrent attachment to the stipe and are closely spaced, sometimes with "veins" connected between them; they are roughly the same color as the cap, or paler. The stipe measures long by wide, and is either equal in width throughout, or tap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
