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Small Fortress (Terezín)
The Small Fortress ( cs, Malá pevnost, german: Kleine Festung) is a fortress forming a significant part of the town of Terezín in the Czech Republic. This former military fortress was established at the end of the 18th century together with the whole town of Terezín on the right bank of the Ohře river. It served as a prison in the 19th century. World War I During World War I, the fortress served as a prison for the opponents of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. During the war, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip, assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, was imprisoned here. Princip died after nearly four years in the prison on 28 April 1918 of tuberculosis. World War II During World War II, the fortress served as a prison for the Prague Gestapo from 10 June 1940 until May 1945. It was the largest prison in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Unlike the Terezín Ghetto, where the Jews were imprisoned, the Small Fortress served as a prison for the political oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Concentration Camps
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps, (officially) or (more commonly). The Nazi concentration camps are distinguished from other types of Nazi camps such as forced-labor camps, as well as concentration camps operated by Germany's allies. on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. Following the 1934 purge of the SA, the concentration camps were run exclusively by the SS via the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Initially, most prisoners were members of the Communist Party of Germany, but as time went on different groups were arrested, including "habitual criminals", "asocials", and Jews. After the beginning of World War II, people from German-occupied Europe were imprisoned in the concentration camps. Following Allied military victories, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expulsion Of Germans From Czechoslovakia
The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II was part of a series of evacuations and deportations of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe during and after World War II. During the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Czech resistance groups demanded the deportation of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia. The decision to deport the Germans was adopted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile which, beginning in 1943, sought the support of the Allies for this proposal.Československo-sovětské vztahy v diplomatických jednáních 1939–1945. Dokumenty. Díl 2 (červenec 1943 – březen 1945). Praha. 1999. () The final agreement for the expulsion of the German population however was not reached until 2 August 1945 at the end of the Potsdam Conference. In the months following the end of the war, "wild" expulsions happened from May until August 1945. Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš on 28 October 1945 called for the "final solution of the German que ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
František Patočka
František Patočka (22 October 1904, Turnov – 14 March 1985, Prague) was a Czechoslovak microbiologist and serologist. He established the study of virology in Czechoslovakia. Patočka studied medicine (specialised in microbiology) at the Charles University in Prague (graduated in 1928). In 1936 he became head of the Czech Bacteriological Institute (after Ivan Honl). At the end of World War II, together with epidemiologist Karel Raška, he was personally leading measures to stop the spread of epidemic typhus in the Terezín concentration camp. Together they wrote a report describing the appalling conditions and mistreatment of German civilians incarcerated in the Small Fortress after the war ended. During the 1960s he worked as an expert for the WHO in India and Zaire. His brother Jan Patočka Jan Patočka (; 1 June 1907 – 13 March 1977) was a Czech philosopher. Having studied in Prague, Paris, Berlin, and Freiburg, he was one of the last pupils of Edmund Husserl and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karel Raška
Karel Raška (; 17 November 1909 in Strašín – 21 November 1987 in Prague) was a Czech physician and epidemiologist, who headed the successful international effort during the 1960s to eradicate smallpox. Life Raška graduated from the gymnasium in Sušice, and later enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague. He graduated in 1933. In 1948 he received his habilitation, and in 1955 received his professorship. At the end of World War II, together with epidemiologist František Patočka, he was personally leading measures to stop the spread of epidemic typhus in the Terezín concentration camp. Together they wrote a report describing the appalling conditions and mistreatment of German civilians incarcerated in the Small Fortress after the war ended. In 1952 he was appointed as the Director of the newly created Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Prague. He studied the hotspots of plague in Soviet Union, India and China. He introduced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Věra Tichánková
Věra Tichánková (7 December 1920 – 9 January 2014) was a Czech actress, whose career spanned over seven decades. Věra Tichánková died on 9 January 2014, aged 93, in Prague, Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The .... She was survived by her husband, actor and playwright Jan Skopeček. References External links * 1920 births 2014 deaths People from the Banská Bystrica Region Czech people of Slovak descent Czech film actresses Czech television actresses Czech stage actresses 20th-century Czech actresses 21st-century Czech actresses Czechoslovak actresses Recipients of the Thalia Award {{CzechRepublic-actor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emil František Burian
Emil František Burian (11 June 1904 – 9 August 1959) was a Czech poet, journalist, singer, actor, musician, composer, dramatic adviser, playwright and director. He was also active in Communist Party of Czechoslovakia politics. Early life and career Burian was born in Plzeň, Czechoslovakia, where he came from a musical family. His father, Emil Burian, was an opera singer. E. F. Burian himself is the father of singer and writer Jan Burian. He studied under the tutelage of J. B. Foerster at Prague Conservatory, whence he graduated in 1927, but had begun participating in cultural life much sooner. Along with Karel Teige and Vítězslav Nezval, E. F. Burian was a key member of Devětsil, an association of Czech avant-garde artists in the 1920s.Gafijczuk, D., & Sayer, D., ''The Inhabited Ruins of Central Europe: Re-imagining Space, History, and Memory'' (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)p. 149 In 1926–1927 he worked with Osvobozené divadlo, but after disputes with Jindři ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Letenská
Anna Čalounová-Letenská (née Anna Svobodová) (29 August 1904 – 24 October 1942) was a Czechs, Czech theatre and film actress. During the 1930s and 40s, she appeared in twenty-five films. She was murdered in the Nazi concentration camp of Mauthausen concentration camp, Mauthausen.#Fikejz, Fikejz (2007), p. 52#Motl, Motl (2006), p. 121 Biography Early career Anna Letenská was born in Nýřany, Plzeň Region, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. She was brought up in a theatrical environment - both of her parents, Marie Svobodová (1871–1960) and Oldřich Svoboda (died 1939), and her sister, Růžena Nováková (1899–1984), were actors. She made her first appearance on stage at an early age. Letenská began her professional stage career in 1919 as a member of the Suková-Kramulová theatre company and went on to work with theatre companies in České Budějovice (1920–29), Olomouc (1930–31), Bratislava (1931–35), and Kladno (1935–36).#Fikejz, Fikejz (2007), p. 51 While ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamil Krofta
Kamil Krofta (17 July 1876 – 16 August 1945) was a Czech historian and diplomat.Honajzer George (1995). ''Vznik a rozpad vládních koalic v Československu v letech 1918-1938.'' stablishment and dissolution of government coalitions in Czechoslovakia in the years 1918-1938.Prague: Orbis. Life and career Born and schooled in Plzeň, he studied history in Prague starting in 1894, then from 1896 to 1899 in Vienna. From 1901 he worked at the National Archives. Beginning in 1911, he was a professor of Austrian (and later, Czech) history at Charles University, following the Jaroslav Goll school of thought. In his research, he focused on the late medieval and early Czech history, especially that of the peasantry as well as the church. In 1920, he became the first Czechoslovak envoy to The Vatican and was instrumental in the mutual recognition of both states. From 1922 until 1925, he resided as envoy in Vienna and lectured at the Comenius University in Bratislava. From 1925 to 1927 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milada Horáková
Milada Horáková (née Králová, 25 December 1901 – 27 June 1950) was a Czech politician and a member of underground resistance movement during World War II. She was a victim of judicial murder, convicted and executed by the nation's Communist Party on fabricated charges of conspiracy and treason. Many prominent figures in the West, including Albert Einstein, Vincent Auriol, Eleanor Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, petitioned for her life. She was executed at Prague's Pankrác Prison using a primitive variant of execution by hanging. She died after being strangled for more than 13 minutes. Her remains were never found. Her conviction was annulled in 1968. She was fully rehabilitated in the 1990s and posthumously received the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class) and Order of the White Double Cross (1st Class). Early life Dr Horáková was born Milada Králová in Prague. At the age of 17, in the last year of the First World War, she was expelled from school for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Bílý
Josef Bílý (30 June 1872 in Zbonín-Ochoz – 28 September 1941 in Prague) was a Czech general and commander of the Czechoslovak national armed forces. Early life and education Bílý attended the State Real Gymnasium from 1883 to 1888. Military career Service in the Austro-Hungarian army After completing his studies at gymnasium, he studied at the Austro-Hungarian Army's infantry cadet school in Trieste from 1888 to 1892. Joining the 15th Infantry Regiment in Tarnopol as a cadet in 1892, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1894. From 1898 to 1900 he attended the Military College in Vienna, after which he served in the 7th Infantry Division in Osijek (Slavonia), then in Lviv and, beginning in 1906, in Trieste, having risen to the rank of captain in 1903. He was an instructor in tactics and training at the cadet school in Vienna from 1908 to 1910, after which he served in the 4th Infantry Regiment in Vienna. After being promoted to major on 1 August 1914, he commande ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
