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Small Ditrigonal Dodecacronic Hexecontahedron
In geometry, the small ditrigonal dodecacronic hexecontahedron (or fat star) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron. It is visually identical to the small dodecicosacron. Its faces are darts. A part of each dart lies inside the solid, hence is invisible in solid models. Proportions Faces have two angles of \arccos(\frac+\frac\sqrt)\approx 12.661\,078\,804\,43^, one of \arccos(-\frac-\frac\sqrt)\approx 116.996\,396\,851\,70^ and one of 360^-\arccos(-\frac-\frac\sqrt)\approx 217.681\,445\,539\,45^. Its dihedral angles A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common. In solid geometry, it is defined as the uni ... equal \arccos()\approx 146.230\,659\,755\,53^. The ratio between the lengths of the long and short edges is \frac\approx 1.110\,008\,944\,41. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Ditrigonal Dodecacronic Hexecontahedron
In geometry, the small ditrigonal dodecacronic hexecontahedron (or fat star) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron. It is visually identical to the small dodecicosacron. Its faces are darts. A part of each dart lies inside the solid, hence is invisible in solid models. Proportions Faces have two angles of \arccos(\frac+\frac\sqrt)\approx 12.661\,078\,804\,43^, one of \arccos(-\frac-\frac\sqrt)\approx 116.996\,396\,851\,70^ and one of 360^-\arccos(-\frac-\frac\sqrt)\approx 217.681\,445\,539\,45^. Its dihedral angles A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common. In solid geometry, it is defined as the uni ... equal \arccos()\approx 146.230\,659\,755\,53^. The ratio between the lengths of the long and short edges is \frac\approx 1.110\,008\,944\,41. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a ''geometer''. Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as fundamental concepts. During the 19th century several discoveries enlarged dramatically the scope of geometry. One of the oldest such discoveries is Carl Friedrich Gauss' ("remarkable theorem") that asserts roughly that the Gaussian curvature of a surface is independent from any specific embedding in a Euclidean space. This implies that surfaces can be studied ''intrinsically'', that is, as stand-alone spaces, and has been expanded into the theory of manifolds and Riemannian geometry. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isohedral Figure
In geometry, a tessellation of dimension (a plane tiling) or higher, or a polytope of dimension (a polyhedron) or higher, is isohedral or face-transitive if all its faces are the same. More specifically, all faces must be not merely congruent but must be ''transitive'', i.e. must lie within the same '' symmetry orbit''. In other words, for any two faces and , there must be a symmetry of the ''entire'' figure by translations, rotations, and/or reflections that maps onto . For this reason, convex isohedral polyhedra are the shapes that will make fair dice. Isohedral polyhedra are called isohedra. They can be described by their face configuration. An isohedron has an even number of faces. The dual of an isohedral polyhedron is vertex-transitive, i.e. isogonal. The Catalan solids, the bipyramids, and the trapezohedra are all isohedral. They are the duals of the (isogonal) Archimedean solids, prisms, and antiprisms, respectively. The Platonic solids, which are either self-du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyhedron
In geometry, a polyhedron (plural polyhedra or polyhedrons; ) is a three-dimensional shape with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices. A convex polyhedron is the convex hull of finitely many points, not all on the same plane. Cubes and pyramids are examples of convex polyhedra. A polyhedron is a 3-dimensional example of a polytope, a more general concept in any number of dimensions. Definition Convex polyhedra are well-defined, with several equivalent standard definitions. However, the formal mathematical definition of polyhedra that are not required to be convex has been problematic. Many definitions of "polyhedron" have been given within particular contexts,. some more rigorous than others, and there is not universal agreement over which of these to choose. Some of these definitions exclude shapes that have often been counted as polyhedra (such as the self-crossing polyhedra) or include shapes that are often not considered as valid polyhedr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dual Polyhedron
In geometry, every polyhedron is associated with a second dual structure, where the vertices of one correspond to the faces of the other, and the edges between pairs of vertices of one correspond to the edges between pairs of faces of the other. Such dual figures remain combinatorial or abstract polyhedra, but not all can also be constructed as geometric polyhedra. Starting with any given polyhedron, the dual of its dual is the original polyhedron. Duality preserves the symmetries of a polyhedron. Therefore, for many classes of polyhedra defined by their symmetries, the duals belong to a corresponding symmetry class. For example, the regular polyhedrathe (convex) Platonic solids and (star) Kepler–Poinsot polyhedraform dual pairs, where the regular tetrahedron is self-dual. The dual of an isogonal polyhedron (one in which any two vertices are equivalent under symmetries of the polyhedron) is an isohedral polyhedron (one in which any two faces are equivalent .., and vice vers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniform Star Polyhedron
In geometry, a uniform star polyhedron is a self-intersecting uniform polyhedron. They are also sometimes called nonconvex polyhedra to imply self-intersecting. Each polyhedron can contain either star polygon faces, star polygon vertex figures, or both. The complete set of 57 nonprismatic uniform star polyhedra includes the 4 regular ones, called the Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra, 5 quasiregular ones, and 48 semiregular ones. There are also two infinite sets of ''uniform star prisms'' and ''uniform star antiprisms''. Just as (nondegenerate) star polygons (which have polygon density greater than 1) correspond to circular polygons with overlapping tiles, star polyhedra that do not pass through the center have polytope density greater than 1, and correspond to spherical polyhedra with overlapping tiles; there are 47 nonprismatic such uniform star polyhedra. The remaining 10 nonprismatic uniform star polyhedra, those that pass through the center, are the hemipolyhedra as we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Ditrigonal Dodecicosidodecahedron
In geometry, the small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron (or small dodekified icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U43. It has 44 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagrams and 12 decagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral. Related polyhedra It shares its vertex arrangement with the great stellated truncated dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edges with the small icosicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagrammic faces in common) and the small dodecicosahedron (having the decagonal faces in common). See also * List of uniform polyhedra In geometry, a uniform polyhedron is a polyhedron which has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive ( transitive on its vertices, isogonal, i.e. there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are c ... References External links * Uniform polyhedra {{Polyhedron-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Dodecicosacron
In geometry, the small dodecicosacron (or small dipteral trisicosahedron) is the dual of the small dodecicosahedron (U50). It is visually identical to the Small ditrigonal dodecacronic hexecontahedron In geometry, the small ditrigonal dodecacronic hexecontahedron (or fat star) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron. It is visually identical to the small dodecicosacron. Its .... It has 60 intersecting bow-tie-shaped faces. Proportions Each face has two angles of \arccos(\frac+\frac\sqrt)\approx 12.661\,078\,804\,43^ and two angles of \arccos(-\frac+\frac\sqrt)\approx 129.657\,475\,656\,13^. The diagonals of each antiparallelogram intersect at an angle of \arccos(\frac+\frac\sqrt)\approx 37.681\,445\,539\,45^. The dihedral angle equals \arccos(\frac)\approx 146.230\,659\,755\,53^. The ratio between the lengths of the long edges and the short ones equals \frac+\frac\sqrt, which is the golden ratio. Part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dihedral Angles
A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common. In solid geometry, it is defined as the union of a line and two half-planes that have this line as a common edge. In higher dimensions, a dihedral angle represents the angle between two hyperplanes. The planes of a flying machine are said to be at positive dihedral angle when both starboard and port main planes (commonly called wings) are upwardly inclined to the lateral axis. When downwardly inclined they are said to be at a negative dihedral angle. Mathematical background When the two intersecting planes are described in terms of Cartesian coordinates by the two equations : a_1 x + b_1 y + c_1 z + d_1 = 0 :a_2 x + b_2 y + c_2 z + d_2 = 0 the dihedral angle, \varphi between them is given by: :\cos \varphi = \frac and satisfies 0\le \varphi \le \pi/2. Alternatively, if an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. Most are nonprofit organizations and an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by schola ... in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press is a department of the University of Cambridge and is both an academic and educational publisher. It became part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, following a merger with Cambridge Assessment in 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 Country, countries, it publishes over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publishing includes more than 380 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
