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Slaugenhopia
''Slaugenhopia'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family Tupilakosauridae. Fossils have been found from the Early Permian San Angelo Formation in Texas. The type and only species, ''S. texensis'', was named in 1962. It may be closely related to the dvinosaur ''Kourerpeton''. ''Slaugenhopia'' was once classified as a trimerorhachid but is now classified as a tupilakosaurid. Description and history ''Slaugenhopia'' was found from the San Angelo Formation within the Kahn Quarry of Driver Ranch in Knox County, Texas. Although it was known only from fragments, paleontologist Everett C. Olson reconstructed the entire skull when he named the genus in 1962. He placed the genus in the dvinosaur family Trimerorhachidae and thought that it was intermediate between the dvinosaurs ''Trimerorhachis'' and ''Dvinosaurus'' based on the shape of the skull. A mandible that was found earlier in Little Croton Creek was also referred to ''Slaugenhopia''. ''Slaugenhopia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kourerpeton
''Kourerpeton'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl. Fossils of ''Kourerpeton'' were discovered in a window of a barber's shop in either Bisbee or Mesa, Arizona. ''Kourerpeton'' was named in 1976, with the type and only species being ''K. bradyi''. It was originally assigned to the monotypic family Kourerpetidae, which has been alternatively spelled Kourerpetontidae. Age and location Because it was not found ''in situ'', the provenance and age of ''Kourerpeton'' is unknown. The fossils are rumored to have been from the Glen Rose Formation near Glen Rose, Texas. Olson and Lammers (1976) discredited this idea because they noted that the Glen Rose Formation is Cretaceous in age, and therefore not a likely source for a temnospondyl. Several studies have claimed that it is Permian or Early Triassic in age. Warren (1999) suggested that ''Kourerpeton'' is from an unknown Guadalupian (Middle Permian) to Early Triassic locality in North America, or possibly even from a loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupilakosauridae
Tupilakosauridae is an extinct family of dvinosaurian temnospondyls. It contains the genera ''Slaugenhopia'', '' Thabanchuia'', ''Tupilakosaurus'', and possibly ''Kourerpeton''. Tupilakosaurs are known from Texas, Greenland, Russia, and France. The earliest tupilakosaur, ''Slaugenhopia'', is Early Permian in age while the latest known tupilakosaurs are Early Triassic in age. Derived tupilakosaurs possess embolomerous centra in their vertebrae, which are diplospondylous. They also have a deep notch in the pterygoid bone of the palate. Tupilakosaurs were aquatic, and used an undulatory mode of swimming much like that of eels. References External linksTupilakosauridaein the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ... Dvinosaurs Amphibian fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvinosaurus
''Dvinosaurus'' is an extinct genus of amphibious temnospondyls localized to regions of western and central Russia during the middle and late Permian, approximately 265-254 million years ago. Its discovery was first noted in 1921 by Russian paleontologist Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii in a posthumously published paper that documents the findings of a site in Russia's Arkhangelsk District. Its name is derived from the proximity of this site to the Northern Dvina River. ''Dvinosaurus'' is thought to have been a gill-breathing, fully-aquatic tetrapod, characterized by a large, triangular head, short limbs, and a long powerful tail. A typical individual could grow to be approximately 40 in (100 cm) in length. Within this genus, the number of documented species has varied over the years since its discovery. Prior to his untimely death, Amalitskii described three species, ''Dvinosaurus primus, Dvinosaurus secundus,'' and ''Dvinosaurus tertius.'' Upon further analysis, however, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvinosaurs
Dvinosaurs are one of several new clades of Temnospondyl amphibians named in the phylogenetic review of the group by Yates and Warren 2000. They represent a group of primitive semi-aquatic to completely aquatic amphibians, and are known from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Triassic, being most common in the Permian period. Their distinguishing characteristics are a reduction of the otic notch; the loss of a flange on the rear side of the pterygoid; and 28 or more presacral vertebrae. Trimerorhachidae is the most basal family of dvinosaurs. Most other dvinosaurs are placed in the superfamily Dvinosauroidea. Within Dvinosauroidea are two families, Eobrachyopidae and Tupilakosauridae, as well as dvinosaurs that cannot be placed in either family, such as '' Dvinosaurus'' and ''Kourerpeton''. A 2008 phylogenetic analysis found Eobrachyopidae to be paraphyletic, representing a grade of basal dvinosauroids. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of dvinosa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvinosauria
Dvinosaurs are one of several new clades of Temnospondyl amphibians named in the phylogenetic review of the group by Yates and Warren 2000. They represent a group of primitive semi-aquatic to completely aquatic amphibians, and are known from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Triassic, being most common in the Permian period. Their distinguishing characteristics are a reduction of the otic notch; the loss of a flange on the rear side of the pterygoid; and 28 or more presacral vertebrae. Trimerorhachidae is the most basal family of dvinosaurs. Most other dvinosaurs are placed in the superfamily Dvinosauroidea. Within Dvinosauroidea are two families, Eobrachyopidae and Tupilakosauridae, as well as dvinosaurs that cannot be placed in either family, such as '' Dvinosaurus'' and ''Kourerpeton''. A 2008 phylogenetic analysis found Eobrachyopidae to be paraphyletic, representing a grade of basal dvinosauroids. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of dvinos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Permian
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Parasphenoid
The parasphenoid is a bone which can be found in the cranium of many vertebrates. It is an unpaired dermal bone which lies at the midline of the roof of the mouth. In many reptiles (including birds), it fuses to the endochondral (cartilage-derived) basisphenoid bone of the lower braincase, forming a bone known as the parabasisphenoid. Early mammals have a small parasphenoid, but for the most part its function has been replaced by the vomer bone. The parasphenoid has been lost in placental mammals and caecilian amphibians. See also *Ossification of frontal bone *Terms for anatomical location Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ... References Bones of the head and neck {{musculoskeletal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palate
The palate () is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separated. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior, bony hard palate and the posterior, fleshy soft palate (or velum). Structure Innervation The maxillary nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the palate. Development The hard palate forms before birth. Variation If the fusion is incomplete, a cleft palate results. Function When functioning in conjunction with other parts of the mouth, the palate produces certain sounds, particularly velar, palatal, palatalized, postalveolar, alveolopalatal, and uvular consonants. History Etymology The English synonyms palate and palatum, and also the related adjective palatine (as in palatine bone), are all from the Latin ''palatum'' via Old French ''palat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postparietal
Postparietals are cranial bones present in fish and many tetrapods. Although initially a pair of bones, many lineages possess postparietals which were fused into a single bone. The postparietals were dermal bones situated along the midline of the skull, behind the parietal bones. They formed part of the rear edge of the skull roof, and the lateral edge of each postparietal often contacts the tabular and supratemporal bones. In fish, the postparietals are elongated, typically the largest components of the skull roof. Tetrapods possessed shorter postparietals, which were reduced further and shifted towards the braincase in amniotes. At several points in synapsid evolution, the postparietals fused to each other and the tabulars during embryological development. This fusion produces the interparietal bone, which is inherited by mammals. Postparietals are common in extinct amphibians and early reptiles. However, most living amphibians (of the group Lissamphibia) and living reptiles (of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
