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Skin Fold
Skin folds or skinfolds are areas of skin that are naturally folded. Many skin folds are distinct, heritable anatomical features, and may be used for identification of animal species, while others are non-specific and may be produced either by individual development of an organism or by arbitrary application of force to skin, either by the actions of the muscles of the body or by external force, e.g., gravity. Anatomical folds can also be found in other structures and tissues besides the skin, such as the ileocecal fold beneath the terminal ileum of the cecum. Skin folds are of interest for cosmetology, as some kinds may be considered aesthetically undesirable, and for medicine, because some of them are susceptible to inflammation and infection. Skin creases, skin folds and lines The skin creases of the human body are features of great anatomical, morphological, and surgical interest and important for the maintenance of the contour of each anatomic area. In the literature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skin
Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means "of the skin" (from Latin ''cutis'' 'skin'). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments, and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Skin (including cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues) plays crucial roles in formation, structure, and function of extraskeletal apparatus such as horns of bovids (e.g., cattle) and rhinos, cervids' antlers, giraffids' ossicones, armadillos' osteoderm, and os penis/ os clitoris. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whales, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Anatomy
Human anatomy (gr. ἀνατομία, "dissection", from ἀνά, "up", and τέμνειν, "cut") is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the human body. Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy (also called macroscopic anatomy, topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye. Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes, which includes histology (the study of the organization of tissues), and cytology (the study of cells). Anatomy, human physiology (the study of function), and biochemistry (the study of the chemistry of living structures) are complementary basic medical sciences that are generally together (or in tandem) to students studying medical sciences. In some of its facets human anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology, through common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inverse Psoriasis
Inverse psoriasis or flexural psoriasis is a form of psoriasis that selectively, and often exclusively, involves the folds, recesses, and flexor surfaces such as the ears, axillae, groin folds, inframammary folds, navel, intergluteal cleft, penis, and lips.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. . Signs and symptoms Well-defined, erythematous patches are the clinical hallmark of inverse psoriasis. The perianal area, umbilicus, axillae, inframammary folds, inguinal folds, and retroauricular areas are the areas most frequently affected. Interdigital spaces and the popliteal and antecubital fossae may also be affected. In contrast to plaque psoriasis, the lesions' surface appears wet, smooth, and shiny, and yellowish scales are usually minor or absent. Causes Psoriasis is a cellular autoimmune reaction caused by T-cells to what are thought to be skin-resident self-antigens. The psorias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irritant Diaper Dermatitis
Irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD, also called a diaper rash or nappy rash) is skin rash in the diaper (in British and Australian English "nappy") area, caused by various skin disorders and/or irritants. Generic irritant diaper dermatitis is characterized by joined patches of erythema and scaling mainly seen on the convex surfaces, with the skin folds spared. Diaper dermatitis with secondary bacterial or fungal involvement tends to spread to concave surfaces (i.e. skin folds), as well as convex surfaces, and often exhibits a central red, beefy erythema with satellite pustules around the border. It is usually considered a form of irritant contact dermatitis. The word "diaper" is in the name not because the diaper itself causes the rash but rather because the rash is associated with diaper use, being caused by the materials trapped by the diaper (usually feces). Allergic contact dermatitis has also been suggested, but there is little evidence for this cause. In adults with inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertrigo
Intertrigo, commonly called “skin fold dermatitis”, refers to a type of inflammatory rash (dermatitis) of the superficial skin that occurs within a person's body folds. These areas are more susceptible to irritation and subsequent infection due to factors that promote skin breakdown such as moisture, friction, and exposure to bodily secretions and excreta such as sweat, urine, or feces. Areas of the body which are more likely to be affected by intertrigo include the inframammary fold, intergluteal cleft, armpits, and spaces between the fingers or toes. Skin affected by intertrigo is more prone to infection than intact skin. The term "intertrigo" commonly refers to a secondary infection with bacteria (such as '' Corynebacterium minutissimum''), fungi (such as '' Candida albicans''), or viruses. A frequent manifestation is candidal intertrigo. Intertrigo occurs more often in warm and humid conditions. Generally, intertrigo is more common in people with a weakened immune sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimple
A dimple, also called a gelasin (, ), and a fovea buccalis, is a small natural indentation in the flesh on a part of the human body, most notably in the cheek. Numerous cultures believe that cheek dimples are a good luck charm that entices people who perceive them as physically attractive, but they are also associated with heroism and innocence, which has been included in literature for many centuries. Medical research debates whether cheek dimples can be inherited or which type of allele they are, but it is certain that humans with cheek dimples are more likely to have them in both cheeks. Depth and length appearances are affected by the shape of the skull and dimples can appear and disappear due to age. There are four types of facial dimples, including cheek, and the cleft chin (sometimes nicknamed a "chin dimple"). Overview Cheek dimples when present, show up when a person makes a facial expression, such as smiling, whereas a chin dimple is a small line on the chin that stay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannus
Pannus is an abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue. Common sites for pannus formation include over the cornea, over a joint surface (as seen in rheumatoid arthritis), or on a prosthetic heart valve. Pannus may grow in a tumor-like fashion, as in joints where it may erode articular cartilage and bone. In common usage, the term ''pannus'' is often used to refer to a panniculus (a hanging flap of tissue). Pannus in rheumatoid arthritis The term "pannus" is derived from the Latin for "tablecloth". Chronic inflammation and exuberant proliferation of the synovium leads to formation of pannus and destruction of cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Pannus tissue is composed of aggressive macrophage- and fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells, macrophage-like cells and other inflammatory cells that release collagenolytic enzymes. In people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, pannus tissue eventually forms in the joint affected by the disease, ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skin Line (other)
Skin lines are anatomical features on the skin, which include: Langer's lines, Blaschko's lines, and Kraissl's lines. They have uses in some surgeries, or in diagnosis. Types Langer's lines Langer's lines are topological lines made on a map of the human body. The lines run parallel to collagen fibers. They are useful in forensics, and some surgeries. Langer's lines are useful in cosmetic surgery, and breast surgery where they include static tension lines that can mark a guide for the incisions. Kraissl's lines Kraissl's lines are lines of maximal skin tension. Blaschko's lines Blaschko's lines are lines of normal cell development in the skin. Sometimes they are due to genetic conditions and may exhibit different amounts of melanin. The volume expansion seen in pregnancy Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring gestation, gestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple birth, multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Concep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrinkle
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation, habitual sleeping positions, loss of body mass, sun damage, or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors. In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli). Skin Causes for aging wrinkles Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Webbed Neck
A webbed neck, or pterygium colli, is a congenital skin fold that runs along the sides of the neck down to the shoulders. There are many variants. Signs and symptoms On babies, webbed neck may look like loose folds of skin on the neck. As the child grows, the skin may stretch out to look like there is little or no fold. Associated conditions It is a feature of Turner syndrome (only found in girls) and Noonan syndrome, as well as the rarer Klippel–Feil syndrome, or Diamond–Blackfan anemia Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital pure red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in infancy. DBA causes anemia, but has no effect on the other blood components (platelets, white blood cells). This is in contrast to Shwachman–B .... References External links {{Congenital malformations and deformations of ear, face and neck Congenital disorders of eye, ear, face and neck ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthropometry Of The Upper Arm
The anthropometry of the upper arm is a set of measurements of the shape of the upper arms. The principal anthropometry measures are the upper arm length, the triceps skin fold (TSF), and the (mid-)upper arm circumference ((M)UAC). The derived measures include the (mid-)upper arm muscle area ((M)UAMA), the (mid-)upper arm fat area ((M)UAFA), and the arm fat index. Although they are not directly convertible into measures of overall body fat weight and density, and research has questioned the connection between skinfold fat and deep body fat measurements, these measures are and have been used as rough indicators of body fat. Factors influencing the bone, fat, and muscle composition of the upper arm include age, sex, nutritional status, fitness training level, and race. Measures alt=doctor measures the arm of a child being held by a family member, A standardised measuring tape is used to ascertain the mid-upper arm circumference of a child The anthropometric measures of the u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inframammary Fold
In human anatomy, the inframammary fold (IMF), inframammary crease or inframammary line is the natural lower boundary of the breast; the place where the breast and the chest meet. The choice of the term depends on the prominence of the feature. It is also sometimes called the inframammary ligament. From the cosmetological point of view, it is an important aesthetic component of the breast which should be taken into consideration during various kinds of breast surgery. Histologically, the inframammary fold is an intrinsic dermal structure consisting of regular arrays of collagen held in place by a specialized superficial fascia system. The fold is formed by the fusion of the superficial and mammary fascia A fascia (; : fasciae or fascias; adjective fascial; ) is a generic term for macroscopic membranous bodily structures. Fasciae are classified as superficial, visceral or deep, and further designated according to their anatomical location. ...e. References {{Breast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
