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Siège Social
Siège social ( French, usually translated as "head office") is a concept in international law for determining the nationality of companies. It is essentially based on effective nationality, as opposed to “paper nationality”, where the company has been incorporated. However, the effective nationality requires a genuine link to the corporate activity and describes the nationality based on the location of the actual activity of the corporation by where the owners are or the actual business is done. According to the criterion of ''siège social'', ''siège réel'' or ''siege réel social'', a company's nationality derives from “the place where the legal entity's judicial and economic integration is situated”.Xanthaki, ''The establishment of foreign companies in France'', 17 The Company Lawyer (1996), at 28. In other words, it is the company's principal place of establishment. See also * Seat (legal entity) In legal English, the seat of any organization is the center of aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war, diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. Scholars distinguish between international legal institutions on the basis of their obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). The sources of international law include international custom (general state practice accepted as law), treaties, and general principles of law recognized by most national legal systems. Although international law may also be reflected in international comity—the practices adopted by states to maintain good relations and mutua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationality
Nationality is a legal identification of a person in international law, establishing the person as a subject, a ''national'', of a sovereign state. It affords the state jurisdiction over the person and affords the person the protection of the state against other states. Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "Everyone has the right to a nationality", and "No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality". By international custom and conventions, it is the right of each state to determine who its nationals are. Such determinations are part of nationality law. In some cases, determinations of nationality are also governed by public international law—for example, by treaties on statelessness and the European Convention on Nationality. The rights and duties of nationals vary from state to state,Weis, Paul''Nationality and Statelessness in International Law''. BRILL; 1979 ited 19 August 2012 . p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Company
A company, abbreviated as co., is a Legal personality, legal entity representing an association of people, whether Natural person, natural, Legal person, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * List of legal entity types by country, business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or Educational institution, educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared Incorporation (business), incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be Liquidation, liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seat (legal Entity)
In legal English, the seat of any organization is the center of authority. Commercial The seat of a corporation is the publicly registered headquarters, or registered office of a corporate entity. Also referred to as the siège reel, or head office. It is the legal center of operations, and the locale which generally determines what laws bind the corporation. Government A seat is a competitive position of trust, or public trust, within a government normally filled by election. The politician represents a constituency of citizens, and may hold the seat for a limited term after which the electorate votes once again to fill the seat. At the time the politician gains authority, the politician is said to be ''seated''. During the politician's term, they are considered to be the ''sitting'' trust of that seat. For example, from 2017 to 2021, the sitting President of the Australian Senate was Scott Ryan. If an incumbent politician fails to win an election or is removed from office, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
