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Sisera
Sisera ( ''Sīsərāʾ'') was commander of the Canaanite army of King Jabin of Hazor, who is mentioned in of the Hebrew Bible. After being defeated by the forces of the Israelite tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali under the command of Barak and Deborah, Sisera was killed by Jael, who hammered a tent peg into his temple while he slept. Biblical account According to the biblical book of Judges, Jabin, King of Hazor, oppressed the Israelites for twenty years. His general was Sisera, who commanded nine hundred iron chariots from Harosheth Haggoyim, a fortified cavalry base. After the prophetess Deborah persuaded Barak to face Sisera in battle, they, with an Israelite force of ten thousand, defeated him at the Battle of Mount Tabor at Jezreel Valley. Judges 5:20 says that "the stars in their courses fought against Sisera", and the following verse implies that the army was swept away by the Kishon River. Following the battle, there was peace for forty years. After the battle, Sisera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heber The Kenite
Jael () or Yael (' ''Yāʿēl'') is a heroine of the Bible who aids the Israelites in their war with King Jabin of the city of Hazor in Canaan by killing Sisera, the commander of Jabin's army. This episode is depicted in chapters 4 and 5 of the Book of Judges. According to that account, after Sisera's defeat by the Israelite leader Barak in the Battle of Mount Tabor, he seeks refuge in the tent of Jael, who kills him by driving a tent peg through his skull () near the great tree in Zaanaim near Kedesh. Name The Hebrew ''ya'el'' means ibex, a nimble, sure-footed mountain goat native to that region. As of 2018, ''Yael'' was one of the most common female first names in contemporary Israel. Family Jael has often been understood to be the wife of Heber the Kenite. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jael
Jael () or Yael (' ''Yāʿēl'') is a heroine of the Bible who aids the Israelites in their war with King Jabin of the city of Tel Hazor, Hazor in Canaan by killing Sisera, the commander of Jabin's army. This episode is depicted in Judges 4, chapters 4 Judges 5, and 5 of the Book of Judges. According to that account, after Sisera's defeat by the Israelite leader Barak in the Battle of Mount Tabor (biblical), Battle of Mount Tabor, he seeks refuge in the tent of Jael, who kills him by driving a tent peg through his skull () near the great tree in Zaanaim near Kedesh. Name The Hebrew ''ya'el'' means Nubian ibex, ibex, a nimble, sure-footed mountain goat native to that region. As of 2018, ''Yael'' was one of the most common female first names in contemporary Israel. Family Jael has often been understood to be the wife of Heber the Kenites, Kenite. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barak
Barak ( or ; ; Tiberian Hebrew: '' Bārāq''; "lightning") was a ruler of Ancient Israel. As military commander in the biblical Book of Judges, Barak, with Deborah, from the Tribe of Ephraim, the prophet and fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel, defeated the Canaanite armies led by Sisera. Background The son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali, Barak's mother was from the Tribe of Benjamin. His story is told in the Book of Judges, Chapters 4 and 5. Biblical story The story of the Hebrews' defeat of the Canaanites led by Sisera, under the prophetic leadership of Deborah and the military leadership of Barak, is related in prose (Judges Chapter 4) and repeated in poetry (Chapter 5, which is known as the ''Song of Deborah''). Chapter 4 makes the chief enemy Jabin, king of Hazor (present Tell el-Qedah, about three miles southwest of Hula Basin), though a prominent part is played by his commander-in-chief, Sisera of Harosheth-ha-goiim (possibly Tell el-'Amr, approximately nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harosheth Haggoyim
Harosheth Haggoyim (, lit. ''Smithy of the Nations'') is a fortress described in the Book of Judges as the fortress or cavalry base of Sisera, commander of the army of "Jabin, King of Canaan". Sisera is described as having had nine hundred iron chariots with which he fought the Israelites. In Judges 5, the Sisera's mother, mother of Sisera is poignantly described looking from a window, presumably in Harosheth Haggoyim, and asking ''"Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why is the clatter of his chariots delayed?"'' when he does not return from the battle where his army was defeated by the Israelites, and he was killed by the Biblical heroine Jael, Yael. Modern identifications Hariss in Lebanon In the late 19th century, Victor Guérin identified the southern Lebanon, Lebanese village of Hariss with Harosheth, a location with which the Palestine Exploration Fund, PEF's ''PEF Survey of Palestine, Survey of Western Palestine'' seems to agree.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, ''Survey of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deborah
According to the Book of Judges, Deborah (, ''Dəḇōrā'') was a prophetess of Judaism, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel, and the only female judge mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. Many scholars contend that the phrase, "a woman of Lappidoth", as translated from biblical Hebrew in Judges 4:4 denotes her marital status as the wife of Lapidoth.Van Wijk-Bos, Johanna WH. ''The End of the Beginning: Joshua and Judges''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2019. Alternatively, "lappid" translates as "torch" or "lightning", therefore the phrase, "woman of Lappidoth" could be referencing Deborah as a "fiery woman." Deborah told Barak, an Israelite general from Kedesh in Naphtali, that God commanded him to lead an attack against the forces of Jabin king of Canaan and his military commander Sisera (Judges 4:6–7); the entire narrative is recounted in chapter 4. Judges 5 gives the same story in poetic form. This passage, often called ''The Song of Deborah'', may date to as early a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Mount Tabor (biblical)
According to the Book of Judges ( chapters 4 and 5) of the Hebrew Bible, the Battle of Mount Tabor was a military confrontation between the forces of King Jabin of Canaan, who ruled from Hazor, and the Israelite army led by Barak and Deborah. The battle took place at Mount Tabor in Lower Galilee, at the eastern end of the Jezreel Valley, west of the Sea of Galilee, sometime between 1150 and 1075 BCE, during the time of the Judges of the Hebrew Bible. Biblical account Background The Israelites had been oppressed for twenty years by the Canaanite king Jabin and by the captain of his army, Sisera, who commanded a force of nine hundred iron chariots. At this time, the prophetess Deborah was judging Israel. She summoned the general Barak, telling him that God commanded him to march on Mount Tabor with an Israelite army and that God had promised he would deliver the Canaanites into Barak's hand.() Barak was hesitant and told Deborah that he would not undertake the campai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherden
The Sherden (Egyptian: ''šrdn'', ''šꜣrdꜣnꜣ'' or ''šꜣrdynꜣ''; Ugaritic: ''šrdnn(m)'' and ''trtn(m)''; possibly Akkadian: ''šêrtânnu''; also glossed "Shardana" or "Sherdanu") are one of the several ethnic groups the Sea Peoples were said to be composed of, appearing in fragmentary historical and iconographic records (ancient Egyptian and Ugaritic) from the Eastern Mediterranean in the late 2nd millennium BC. On reliefs, they are shown carrying round shields and spears, dirks or swords, perhaps of Naue II type. In some cases, they are shown wearing corslets and kilts, but their key distinguishing feature is a horned helmet, which, in all cases but three, features a circular accouterment at the crest. At Medinet Habu the corslet appears similar to that worn by the Philistines. The Sherden sword, it has been suggested by archaeologists since James Henry Breasted, may have developed from an enlargement of European daggers and been associated with the exploitation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Zertal
Adam Zertal (; 1936 – October 18, 2015) was an Israeli archaeologist and a tenured professor at the University of Haifa. Biography Adam Zertal grew up in Ein Shemer, a kibbutz affiliated with the Hashomer Hatzair movement. Zertal was severely wounded in the Yom Kippur War. He later told a reporter for ''The Jerusalem Post'', “I spent a year at Hadassah Medical Center, Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem, and I became interested in archaeology. Although I had argued that the Bible was full of myths, I decided after my recovery to travel the land by foot to look for archeological evidence.” He completed his doctoral dissertation on ''The Israelite settlement in the Hill-Country of Manasseh'' under the supervision of Nadav Na'aman and Moshe Kochavi at Tel Aviv University in 1986. Archaeology career Zertal claimed to have identified several sites he worked on as being connected to sites, events and characters from the narratives in the Hebrew Bible: * Mount Ebal site, Joshua's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tel Hazor
Tel Hazor (), translated in LXX as Hasōr (), and in Arabic Tell Waqqas or Tell Qedah el-Gul (), is an archaeological Tell (archaeology), tell at the site of ancient Hazor, located in the Upper Galilee, north of the Sea of Galilee, in the northern Korazim Plateau. From the Middle Bronze Age (around 1750 BCE) to the Iron Age (ninth century BCE), Hazor was the largest fortified city in the region and one of the most important in the Fertile Crescent. It maintained commercial ties with Babylon and Syria, and imported large quantities of tin for the bronze industry. In the Book of Joshua, Hazor is described as "the head of all those kingdoms" () and archaeological excavations that have emphasized the city's importance. The Hazor expedition, headed by Yigael Yadin in the mid-1950s, was the most important dig undertaken by Israel in its early years of statehood. Tel Hazor is the largest archaeological site in northern Israel, featuring an upper tell of 30 acres and a lower city of more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe Of Naphtali
The Tribe of Naphtali () was one of the northernmost of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is one of the ten lost tribes. Biblical narratives In the biblical account, following the completion of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites, Joshua allocated the land among the twelve tribes. Kenneth Kitchen, a well-known biblical archeologist, dates this event to slightly after 1200 BCE,Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2003), ''On the Reliability of the Old Testament'' (Grand Rapids, Michigan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company)() whereas other scholars dispute the historicity of the Book of Joshua.“Besides the rejection of the Albrightian ‘conquest' model, the general consensus among OT scholars is that the Book of Joshua has no value in the historical reconstruction. They see the book as an ideological retrojection from a later period — either as early as the reign of Josiah or as late as the Hasmonean period.” ”It behooves us to ask, in spite of the fact that the overwhelming c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaanaim
Zaanaim, Zaanannim or Bezaanaim is a place name applied to one or two locations in the Hebrew Bible. According to Serge Frolov (2013), its location "cannot be determined with any degree of certainty." The area was likely given the name Zaanaim because nomads camped there in tents among the towns and cities, with the name meaning "wanderings" or "the unloading of tents." According to Joshua 19:33, the border of the tribe of Naftali passed by the "oak in Zaanannim" (''Revised Version''). According to Judges 4:11, Heber the Kenite's tent, in which Jael killed Sisera, was "as far as the oak in Zaanannim" (''Revised Version''). Where the Revised Version reads "oak," the King James Version reads "plain." According to Cheyne and Black, an acceptable alternative reading for "oak" in these passages is "terebinth". Where the ''Revised Version'' has "in Zaanannim" above, the Hebrew text reads ''bṣʿnnym.'' It has been, however, suggested by some that, following the SeptuagintFor the Sept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kishon River
The Kishon River (, ; , – ''the intermittent river''; alternative Arabic, ) is a river in Israel that flows into the Mediterranean Sea near the city of Haifa. Course The Kishon River is a perennial stream in Israel. Its furthest source is the Gilboa mountains, and it flows in a west-northwesterly direction through the Jezreel Valley, emptying into the Haifa Bay in the Mediterranean Sea. Its drainage basin, of , includes much of Jezreel Valley and the Western Galilee, and parts of Mount Carmel. Biblical references The Kishon is mentioned six times in the Hebrew Bible, among them the following verses: *In Judges , Sisera's Canaanite army is encamped at the Kishon River and the prophet Deborah predicts their defeat; in , in her song of celebration, the Kishon River is praised for washing away the Canaanite army. * 1 Kings names the Kishon River as the site where the prophets of Baal were executed on Elijah's orders, following Elijah's contest with the prophets of Baal n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
