|
Simula Research Laboratory
Simula Research Laboratory (also known as Simula) is a Norwegian non-profit research organisation located in Oslo, Norway. Simula was founded in 2001 by the Norwegian government to conduct fundamental, long-term research within information and communication technology (ICT). Simula's research is concentrated on five areas: communication systems, scientific computing, software engineering, cybersecurity, and machine learning. In addition to conducting research at a high international level, Simula works to apply research in both industry and the public sector, and to educate graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in collaboration with partner universities, Norwegian and international. As of 2020, the organisation includes six subsidiaries, employing over 155 employees from more than 35 countries. Through the Simula Garage (Norwegian: Gründergarasjen), Simula is also an incubator for entrepreneurs working in early-stage ICT-related startups. Organization Ownership Simula Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aslak Tveito
Aslak Tveito (born 17 February 1961) is a Norwegian scientist in the field of numerical analysis and scientific computing. Tveito is the Managing Director of the Simula Research Laboratory, a Norwegian research center owned by the Norwegian Government, and is Professor of Scientific Computing at the University of Oslo. Education and career Tveito obtained an MSc degree in Numerical Analysis from the University of Oslo, Department of Informatics in 1985. He obtained PhD from the same department in 1988, focusing on numerical solution of partial differential equations. In 1991 Tveito joined the Applied Mathematics department at SINTEF as a research scientist and from 1993 to 1997 held the position of Chief Scientist. He was appointed Professor of Numerical Analysis at the University of Oslo, Department of Informatics in 1994. In 1997 Tveito co-founded Numerical Objects, a company that commercialized the Diffpack software, and served on its board until 2001. Tveito joined th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Krone
The krone (, abbreviation: kr (also NKr for distinction); code: NOK), plural ''kroner'', is currency of the Kingdom of Norway (including Svalbard). Traditionally known as the Norwegian crown in English. It is nominally subdivided into 100 ''øre'', although the last coins denominated in øre were withdrawn in 2012. The krone was the thirteenth-most-traded currency in the world by value in April 2010, down three positions from 2007. The Norwegian krone is also informally accepted in many shops in Sweden and Finland that are close to the Norwegian border, and also in some shops in the Danish ferry ports of Hirtshals and Frederikshavn. Norwegians spent 14.1 billion NOK on border shopping in 2015 compared to 10.5 billion NOK spent in 2010. Border shopping is a fairly common practice amongst Norwegians, though it is seldom done on impulse. Money is spent mainly on food articles, alcohol, and tobacco, in that order, usually in bulk or large quantities. This is due to considerably ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ole-Johan Dahl
Ole-Johan Dahl (12 October 1931 – 29 June 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist. Dahl was a professor of computer science at the University of Oslo and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard. Career Dahl was born in Mandal, Norway. He was the son of Finn Dahl (1898–1962) and Ingrid Othilie Kathinka Pedersen (1905–80). When he was seven, his family moved to Drammen. When he was thirteen, the whole family fled to Sweden during the German occupation of Norway in World War II. After the war's end, Dahl studied numerical mathematics at the University of Oslo. Dahl became a full professor at the University of Oslo in 1968 and was a gifted teacher as well as researcher. Here he worked on ''Hierarchical Program Structures'', probably his most influential publication, which appeared co-authored with C.A.R. Hoare in the influential book ''Structured Programming'' of 1972 by Dahl, Edsger Dijkstra, and Hoare, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristen Nygaard
Kristen Nygaard (27 August 1926 – 10 August 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist, programming language pioneer, and politician. Internationally, Nygaard is acknowledged as the co-inventor of object-oriented programming and the programming language Simula with Ole-Johan Dahl in the 1960s. Nygaard and Dahl received the 2001 A. M. Turing Award for their contribution to computer science. Early life and career Nygaard was born in Oslo and received his master's degree in mathematics at the University of Oslo in 1956. His thesis on abstract probability theory was entitled "Theoretical Aspects of Monte Carlo methods". Nygaard worked full-time at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment from 1948 to 1960, in computing and programming (1948–1954) and operational research (1952–1960). From 1957 to 1960, he was head of the first operations research groups in the Norwegian defense establishment. He was cofounder and first chairman of the Norwegian Operational Research Societ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simula
Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is an approximate superset of ALGOL 60, and was also influenced by the design of Simscript. Simula 67 introduced objects, classes, inheritance and subclasses, virtual procedures, coroutines, and discrete event simulation, and featured garbage collection. Other forms of subtyping (besides inheriting subclasses) were introduced in Simula derivatives. Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. As its name suggests, the first Simula version by 1962 was designed for doing simulations; Simula 67 though was designed to be a general-purpose programming language and provided the framework for many of the features of object-oriented languages today. Simula has been used in a wide range of applications such as simulating very-large-scale integration (VLS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Council Of Norway
The Research Council (also the Research Council of Norway; no, Norges forskningsråd) is a Norwegian government agency that funds research and innovation projects. On behalf of the Government, the Research Council invests NOK 11,9 billion (2021) annually. The Research Council is responsible for promoting basic and applied research and innovation. This is done by managing research funding and by advising the authorities on research policy, among other things through proposals for the research budget in the National Budget. The Research Council works to promote international research and innovation cooperation, and has a number of schemes to mobilise Norwegian applicants for the EU Research and Innovation Programme. Other tasks include creating meeting places for researchers, trade and industry, public administration, public actors and other users of research. The Research Council was established in 1993 through the merging of five different previously created research councils. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Framework Programmes For Research And Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon. The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years. The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies. Background Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the Amsterdam Treaty, which includes a chapter on research and technological development. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice And Public Security
The Royal Ministry of Justice and Public Security ( no, Det kongelige justis- og beredskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry that oversees justice, the police, and domestic intelligence. The main purpose of the ministry is to provide for the maintenance and development of the basic rule of law. An overriding objective is to ensure the security of society and of individual citizens. The ministry was founded in 1818 and currently employs about 400 people in the central government department. Its subordinate agencies include the Norwegian Police Service, the Norwegian Correctional Service, the Norwegian Police Security Service, the Norwegian Prosecuting Authority, the Judiciary of Norway, and the Directorate of Immigration, and employ around 30,000 people. The Ministry of Justice of Norway oversees the administration of justice in Svalbard. History The ministry was founded in 1818 and was known as the Royal Ministry of Justice and the Police from its establishment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Transport (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Transportation (; ) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1946, and is responsible for transportation in Norway. The ministry was responsible for communication infrastructure until may 2019, when the responsibility for the Norwegian Communications Authority was transferred to Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Since October 2021, the ministry has been headed by Jon-Ivar Nygård ( Labour Party). The department must report to the parliament (Stortinget). Organization The ministry has 135 employees and is divided into the following sections: * Political staff * Communication Unit * Department of Management, Administration and Public Safety and Security * Department of Civil Aviation, Postal services and Procurement of Non-Commercial Transport * Department of Planning and Rail transport * Department of Coastal Affairs and Environment * Department of Public Roads, Urban Mobility and Traffic Safety Political staff * State Secretary I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Local Government And Regional Development
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development ( no, Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1948. It is responsible for the housing and building, regional and rural policy, municipal and county administration and finances, and the conduct of elections. It is headed by the Minister of Local Government and Regional Development. Organization The ministry has 190 employees and is divided into five departments: * The Department of Local Government * The Department of Regional Development * The Housing and Building Department Political staff * Minister Magnhild Meltveit Kleppa ( Centre Party) * State Secretary Janne Sjelmo Nordås (Centre Party) * State Secretary Dag-Henrik Sandbakken (Centre Party) * Political Adviser Lars Erik Bartnes (Centre Party) Subsidiaries * Norwegian State Housing Bank, or ''Husbanken'', issues loans for housing. * National Office of Building Technology and Administration, or ''Statens bygningstek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Government
The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the prime minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature. Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway 1st in the world in the 2019 Press Freedom Index. Freedom House's 2020 Freedom in the World report classified Norway as "free," scoring maximum points in the categories of "political rights" and "civil liberties". Constitutional development The Norwegian constitution, signed by the Eidsvoll assembly on 17 May 1814, transformed Norway from being an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. The 1814 constitution granted rights such as freedom of speech (§100) and rule of law (§§ 96, 97, 99). Important amendment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Norwegian Government")