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Silk Stockings
''Silk Stockings'' is a musical with a book by George S. Kaufman, Leueen MacGrath Leueen MacGrath (3 July 1914 – 27 March 1992) was an English actress and playwright and the second wife of George S. Kaufman, from 1949 until their divorce in 1957. Early years Born in London, England, MacGrath was a graduate of the Royal ..., and Abe Burrows and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. The musical is loosely based on the Melchior Lengyel story ''Ninotchka'' and the Ninotchka, 1939 film adaptation it inspired. It ran on Broadway in 1955. This was the last musical that Porter wrote for the stage. Production history Background During the "severely troubled tryout" George S. Kaufman and his wife Leueen MacGrath were replaced by Abe Burrows. (According to Cecil Michener Smith and Glenn Litton, Kaufman became angry and quit.Michener Smith, Cecil and Litton, Glenn."Chapter:The Book Musical Refined"''Musical Comedy in America'', Psychology Press, 1981, , p. 220) Burrows re-wrote most of ...
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Cole Porter
Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 – October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. Many of his songs became standards noted for their witty, urbane lyrics, and many of his scores found success on Broadway and in film. Born to a wealthy family in Indiana, Porter defied his grandfather's wishes for him to practice law and took up music as a profession. Classically trained, he was drawn to musical theatre. After a slow start, he began to achieve success in the 1920s, and by the 1930s he was one of the major songwriters for the Broadway musical stage. Unlike many successful Broadway composers, Porter wrote the lyrics as well as the music for his songs. After a serious horseback riding accident in 1937, Porter was left disabled and in constant pain, but he continued to work. His shows of the early 1940s did not contain the lasting hits of his best work of the 1920s and 1930s, but in 1948 he made a triumphant comeback with his most successful musical, ''Kiss Me, Kate ...
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Imperial Theatre (Broadway)
The Imperial Theatre is a Broadway theatre, Broadway theater at 249 West 45th Street (George Abbott Way) in the Theater District, Manhattan, Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1923, the Imperial Theatre was designed by Herbert J. Krapp and was constructed for the Shubert brothers. It has 1,457 seats across two levels and is operated by The Shubert Organization. The auditorium interior is a New York City designated landmark. The theater is largely situated on 46th Street. A narrow lobby extends to the main entrance on 45th Street, where there is a three-story facade of white Architectural terracotta, terracotta. The 46th Street facade, which is made of Buff (colour), buff-colored brick, was intended as the carriage entrance. The lobby, originally decorated in dark and white tiles, leads to the rear of the theater's orchestra level. The auditorium contains Adam style, Adam-style detailing, a large balcony, and Box (theatre), box seats with carved pa ...
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War And Peace
''War and Peace'' (russian: Война и мир, translit=Voyna i mir; pre-reform Russian: ; ) is a literary work by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy that mixes fictional narrative with chapters on history and philosophy. It was first published serially, then published in its entirety in 1869. It is regarded as Tolstoy's finest literary achievement and remains an internationally praised classic of world literature. The novel chronicles the French invasion of Russia and the impact of the Napoleonic era on Tsarist society through the stories of five Russian aristocratic families. Portions of an earlier version, titled ''The Year 1805'', were serialized in ''The Russian Messenger'' from 1865 to 1867 before the novel was published in its entirety in 1869.Knowles, A. V. ''Leo Tolstoy'', Routledge 1997. Tolstoy said that the best Russian literature does not conform to standards and hence hesitated to classify ''War and Peace'', saying it is "not a novel, even less is it a poem, and ...
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Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for Profit (economics), profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private property, Property rights (economics), property rights recognition, voluntary exchange, and wage labor. In a market economy, decision-making and investments are determined by owners of wealth, property, or ability to maneuver capital or production ability in Capital market, capital and financial markets—whereas prices and the distribution of goods and services are mainly determined by competition in goods and services markets. Economists, historians, political economists and sociologists have adopted different perspectives in their analyses of capitalism and have recognized various forms of it in practice. These include ''Laissez-faire capitalism, laissez-faire'' or free-market capitalism, anarcho-capitalism, state capi ...
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ...
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RCA Victor
RCA Records is an American record label currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside RCA's former long-time rival Columbia Records; also Arista Records, and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, classical, rock, hip hop, afrobeat, electronic, R&B, blues, jazz, and country. Its name is derived from the initials of its defunct parent company, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). RCA Records was fully acquired by Bertelsmann in 1987, making it a part of Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) and became a part of Sony BMG Music Entertainment after the 2004 merger of BMG and Sony; it was acquired by the latter in 2008, after the dissolution of Sony/BMG and the restructuring of Sony Music. RCA Records is the corporate successor of the Victor Talking Machine Company, founded in 1901, making it the second-oldest record label in American history, af ...
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Curran Theatre
The Curran Theatre, located at 445 Geary Street between Taylor and Mason Streets in the Theatre District of San Francisco, California opened in February 1922, and was named after its first owner, Homer Curran. As of 2014, the theater is owned by Carole Shorenstein Hays. History American theatrical producer Homer Curran operated another theater with his name for several years, prior to building this Curran Theatre; however, the original Curran Theatre had various names before and after this time, whereas this Curran Theatre has never had another name. It opened in February 1922 and was initially a Shubert house. Later, it was a showcase for Theatre Guild presentations. Subsequently, it became closely associated with the San Francisco Civic Light Opera (CLO), which also operated the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera. The CLO obtained numerous prestigious bookings and produced their own shows, often with stars as the lead roles. Curran wrote the book for the musical ''Song of Norw ...
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Lucinda Ballard
Lucinda Ballard (April 3, 1906 – August 19, 1993) was an American costume designer who worked primarily in Broadway theatre. Born Lucinda Davis Goldsborough in New Orleans, Louisiana, Ballard studied at the Art Students League in New York City. Her first professional credits was as the scenic and costume designer for a 1937 production of ''As You Like It''. In 1945, she won the Donaldson Award for the costumes she designed for '' I Remember Mama''. Two years later she was the first person to win the Tony Award for Best Costume Design, an acknowledgement of her contributions to ''Another Part of the Forest'', '' Street Scene'', and ''The Chocolate Soldier'', among others. Her second Tony was for the 1961 musical ''The Gay Life''. Additional theatre credits include '' Annie Get Your Gun'', ''Allegro'', ''A Streetcar Named Desire'', ''Flahooley'', ''The Fourposter'', '' Carnival in Flanders'', ''Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'', ''Orpheus Descending'', and ''The Sound of Music''. Ballard de ...
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Jo Mielziner
Joseph "Jo" Mielziner (March 19, 1901 – March 15, 1976) was an American theatrical scenic, and lighting designer born in Paris, France. He was described as "the most successful set designer of the Golden era of Broadway", and worked on both stage plays and musicals. Career Joseph Mielziner was the son of artist Leo Mielziner and Ella Lane McKenna Friend, a writer. Mielziner was the brother of actor-director Kenneth MacKenna. Their paternal grandfather was a rabbi.Krebs, AlbiJo Mielziner Dead at 74; Pioneering Set Designer; Dozens of Hits 'A Unique Gift' Got Traveling Scholarships Designed Theaters"''The New York Times'' (abstract), March 16, 1976, p. 38 He studied painting at the Art Students League and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts."Art: Theatre
''Time Magazine'', Apr ...
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Jan Sherwood
Jan Sherwood (born c.1923) is an American actress mostly known for her work on the stage. She made her Broadway debut in 1944 as Marpha in ''The Day Will Come''. In 1950 she returned to Broadway to portray the Lady in Waiting to Katharine Hepburn's Rosalind in William Shakespeare's ''As You Like It''. In 1952 she portrayed Sarah Woodling in the original production of '' Paint Your Wagon'' and she originated the role of Venus in the 1954 musical '' Ondine''. In 1953, she appeared in the short-lived DuMont Television Network series ''Monodrama Theater''. In 1956 she took over the role of Ninotchka in ''Silk Stockings'' and then toured the United States in that role for that show's first national tour. Sherwood was born Jeanne Marie Jackson in Madison Madison may refer to: People * Madison (name), a given name and a surname * James Madison (1751–1836), fourth president of the United States Place names * Madison, Wisconsin, the state capital of Wisconsin and the largest c ...
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Onna White
Onna White (March 24, 1922 – April 8, 2005) was a Canadian choreographer and dancer, nominated for eight Tony Awards. Early life and career Born in Inverness, Nova Scotia, White began taking dance lessons at the age of twelve, and eventually her studies took her to the San Francisco Ballet, where she danced in the first full-length U.S. production of ''The Nutcracker''. Her first Broadway performance was in ''Finian's Rainbow'' in 1947. Her next assignment was ''Guys and Dolls'', in which she both performed and assisted the choreographer, Michael Kidd, beginning an association that lasted through various productions until, in 1956, she choreographed her first Broadway show, ''Carmen Jones''. Personal life She married actor Larry Douglas in 1948; they divorced in 1959. They had two children: Jeanne and Stuart. She choreographed both the stage version and screen versions of ''The Music Man'' (1962), ''1776'' (1972) and ''Mame'' (1974). In 1964, Douglas married Susan Luckey, ...
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Julie Newmar
Julie Newmar (born Julia Chalene Newmeyer, August 16, 1933) is an American actress, dancer, and singer, known for a variety of stage, screen, and television roles. She is also a writer, lingerie designer, and real-estate mogul. She won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her role as Katrin Sveg in the 1958 Broadway production of ''The Marriage-Go-Round'' and reprised the role in the 1961 film version. In the 1960s, she starred for two seasons as Catwoman in the television series ''Batman'' (1966–1967). Her other stage credits include the ''Ziegfeld Follies'' in 1956, Lola in '' Damn Yankees!'' in 1961, and Irma in ''Irma la Douce'' in 1965 in regional productions. Newmar appeared in the music video for George Michael's 1992 single "Too Funky" and had a cameo as herself in the 1995 film ''To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar''. Her voice work includes the animated feature films '' Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders'' (2016) and '' Batman vs. Two ...
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