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Sicovam
Euroclear France is the main central securities depository (CSD) in France. It is a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group. Overview In 1941, the Vichy regime created the Caisse Centrale des Dépôts et Virements de Titres (CCDVT, ) with the intent of being able to track the ownership of French equities in the context of German military administration in occupied France during World War II, German occupation of France. Its inspiration was the Kassenverein system which had successfully operated in Germany for several decades. Deposit of shares at the CCDVT was made mandatory by subsequent Vichy legislation of . In the postwar period following the liberation of France, the deposit mandate was deemed harmful to civil liberties and lifted by legislation of and executive order of which established a replacement entity to the CCDVT, named the Société Interprofessionnelle de COmpensation des VAleurs Mobilières (), abbreviated as SICOVAM. In practice, the vast majority of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Group
Euroclear, or the Euroclear Group, is a Belgium-based financial market infrastructure group that specialises in the central securities depository (CSD) segment. It traces its origins to the Euro-clear System developed in 1968 by Morgan Guaranty (a predecessor of JPMorgan Chase) in Brussels to settle trades on the then developing eurobond market. The service was rebranded Euroclear (without hyphen) in 1990. In late 2000, the Euroclear System was transferred to a new entity, Euroclear Bank, a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group that has remained one of the world's two leading international CSDs, the other being Clearstream Banking SA in nearby Luxembourg. Other entities of the Euroclear group include major national CSDs acquired by Euroclear in the 2000s in Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. The name "Euroclear" is often misinterpreted as indicating a clearing activity of the Euroclear group, which is actually not the case. This confusion co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Nederland
Euroclear Nederland is the main central securities depository (CSD) in the Netherlands. It is a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group. Overview The Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor Giraal Effectenverkeer (Necigef, ) started operations in September 1977, with nearly all Dutch physical securities deposited there. In the early 1990s, its safe on the Herengracht in Amsterdam held over 8 million paper documents with aggregate value above 800 billion euros. Necigef was fully owned by Amsterdam Exchanges, known as AEX. In 2000, AEX merged with its Belgian and French counterparts to form Euronext. On , Euroclear announced intent to acquire Necigef. The transaction was completed in two stages in February and April 2002. Following the acquisition, Necigef adopted Euroclear Nederland as its commercial name. In January 2009, the Euroclear-owned CSDs in Belgium and the Netherlands migrated to a technical platform known as the Euroclear Settlement of Euronext-zone Securities (ESES), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Belgium
Euroclear Belgium is one of three central securities depositories (CSDs) in Belgium, together with Euroclear Bank and NBB-SSS. It is the main CSD for Belgian securities other than government bonds. Both Euroclear Belgium and Euroclear Bank are fully-owned entities of the Euroclear Group, which is like them is headquartered in Brussels. Overview The Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Dépôts et de Virements de Titres / Interprofessionele Effectendeposito- en Girokas (), abbreviated as CIK, was initiated in 1967, and formally created by Belgian Royal Decree of . In 1999, CIK merged with the Brussels Stock Exchange and the Belgium Futures and Options Exchange (BELFOX, est. 1991) to form Brussels Exchanges, abbreviated as BXS. In 2000, BXS merged with its Dutch and French counterparts to form Euronext. In December 2004, Euroclear announce it would acquire CIK from Euronext, following its takeovers of Sicovam (France) in 2001, and Necigef (Netherlands) and CRESTCo (UK) in 2002. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cropped Detail Of Place Du Palais Brongniart @ Paris (23486074813)
Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous visual data from the picture, improve its framing, change the aspect ratio, or accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background. Depending on the application, this can be performed on a physical photograph, artwork, or film footage, or it can be achieved digitally by using image editing software. The process of cropping is common to the photographic, film processing, broadcasting, graphic design, and printing businesses. In photography, print, and design In the printing, graphic design and photography industries, cropping is the removal of unwanted areas from the periphery of a photographic or illustrated image. Cropping is one of the most basic photo manipulation processes, and it is carried out to remove an unwanted object or irrelevant noise from the periphery of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caisse Des Dépôts Et Consignations
Caisse, a French word, may refer to: * Caisse Desjardins, an association of credit unions in Quebec * Caisse d'Epargne-Illes Balears, a road-bicycle racing team *Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec The Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (, CDPQ; ) is an institutional investor that manages several public and parapublic pension plans and insurance programs in the Canadian province of Quebec. It was established in 1965 by an act of the ..., a public pension fund in Quebec * Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, a Swiss insurer * Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix du Coton, a Chadian government agency * Mouvement des caisses populaires acadiennes, a credit union in the Canadian province of New Brunswick See also * Caïssa, a neoclassical goddess of chess * Kaissa, a chess program developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s * Kaïssa, a Cameroon born world musician. * Caisson (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicovam Code
The SICOVAM code or simply "SICOVAM" was a security identifier system used to identify French securities listed on French stock exchanges. SICOVAM stands for the ''Société Interprofessionnelle pour la Compensation des Valeurs Mobilières'' (), the French central securities depository later known as Euroclear France, which assigned the codes. SICOVAM codes stopped being assigned on July 1, 2003, when they were replaced with ISINs. Description SICOVAM codes consisted of a six-digit identifier, assigned by the SICOVAM company "by hand" in order of issue. For instance, Alcatel was assigned 013000. SICOVAM codes could be directly converted to ISINs as with other older systems, including CUSIP and SEDOL. To do so the number was padded out with three zeros on the front, then the country code "FR" was added to the front and the ISIN check digit A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for Error detection and correction, error detection on identification numbers, such as bank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurosystem
The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the eurozone, the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. The European Central Bank (ECB) has, under Article 16 of its Statute,Statute of the ECB (PDF) the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand. The Eurosystem consists of the ECB and the national central banks (NCB) of the 20 member states that are part of the eurozone. The national central banks apply the monetary policy of the ECB. The primary objective of the Eurosystem is price stability. Secondary objectives are financial stability and financial integration. The mission statement of the Eurosyste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TARGET2-Securities
TARGET2-Securities, in shorthand T2S, is the Eurosystem's platform for securities settlement in central bank money. T2S offers centralised delivery-versus-payment (DvP) settlement across several European securities markets, without being itself a central securities depository (CSD) since it does not offer CSD services such as custody or asset servicing. T2S is one of the Eurosystem's TARGET Services, together with T2 and TARGET Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS) for cash payments. Background Historically, financial market infrastructures in Europe were created to meet the requirements of national financial markets. In most cases, there were one or two dominant players at each stage of the value chain: typically one stock exchange for trading, one central counterparty (CCP) for clearing and at least one CSD for settlement. Furthermore, these national infrastructures were primarily designed to manage securities denominated in the national currency. Securities settlement across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euronext
Euronext N.V. (short for European New Exchange Technology) is a European bourse that provides trading and post-trade services for a range of financial instruments. Traded assets include regulated equities, exchange-traded funds (ETF), warrants and certificates, bonds, derivatives, commodities, foreign exchange as well as indices. By the end of 2023, Euronext operated nearly 2,000 listed issuers with a market capitalization of approximately €6.6 trillion. Euronext is the largest center for debt and funds listings in the world, and provides technology and managed services to third parties. In addition to its main regulated market, it operates Euronext Growth and Euronext Access, providing access to listing for small and medium-sized enterprises. Euronext Paris accounts for more than 80% of Euronext’s total market cap. Euronext also plays a key role in commodities trading, offering markets for power through Nord Pool and for fish through Fish Pool, alongside other agricu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noisy-le-Grand
Noisy-le-Grand () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The commune of Noisy-le-Grand is part of the sector of Porte de Paris, one of the four sectors of the "new town" of Marne-la-Vallée. Some of the postmodern architecture in the commune has been used as a shooting location in movies including ''Brazil'' and ''The Hunger Games''. Name The name Noisy comes from Medieval Latin ''nucetum'', meaning "walnut grove", after the walnut trees () covering the territory of Noisy-le-Grand in ancient times. The epithet "le-Grand" (Medieval Latin: ''Magnum''), meaning "the Great", was added in the Middle Ages, probably to distinguish Noisy-le-Grand from the smaller settlement of Noisy-le-Sec, which was sometimes referred to as ''Nucenum Minus'' ("Noisy the Small"). Demographics Like many other Seine-Saint-Denis cities, the commune is very cosmopolitan, home of many communities, with many of its locals coming from various contine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First National City Bank
Citibank, N.A. ("N. A." stands for " National Association"; stylized as citibank) is the primary U.S. banking subsidiary of Citigroup, a financial services multinational corporation. Citibank was founded in 1812 as City Bank of New York, and later became First National City Bank of New York. The bank has branches in 19 countries. The U.S. branches are concentrated in six metropolitan areas: New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Miami. As of 2023, Citibank is the third-largest bank in the United States in terms of assets. History Founding 19th century The City Bank of New York was founded on June 16, 1812. The first president of the City Bank was the statesman and retired Colonel, Samuel Osgood. After Osgood's death in August 1813, William Few became President of the bank, staying until 1817, followed by Peter Stagg (1817–1825), Thomas Smith (1825–1827), Isaac Wright (1827–1832), and Thomas Bloodgood (1832–1843). After the Pan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champs-Élysées
The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (, ; ) is an Avenue (landscape), avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, long and wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés, and luxury shops; as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race; and for its annual Bastille Day military parade. The name is French for the Elysium, Elysian Fields, the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology. It has been described as the "most beautiful avenue in the whole world". Description The avenue runs for through the 8th arrondissement of Paris, 8th arrondissement in northwestern Paris, from the Place de la Concorde in the east, with the Luxor Obelisks, Obelisk of Luxor, to the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly the ''Place de l'Étoile'') in the west, location of the Arc de Triomphe. The Champs-Élysées forms part of the ''Axe historique''. The lower part of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
