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Shoot Fly
''Atherigona'' is a genus of flies in the family Muscidae. Pests Larvae of some ''Atherigona'' species are important pests in cultivation of cereals, like rice and maize. Many are known as shoot flies. Some important species include: *'' Atherigona approximata'' (pearl millet shoot fly): affects ''Pennisetum typhoides'', ''Sorghum bicolor'' *''Atherigona atripalpis'' (foxtail millet shoot fly): affects '' Setaria italica'' *''Atherigona biseta'': affects '' Setaria italica'', ''Setaria viridis'' *''Atherigona falcata'' ( barnyard millet shoot fly): affects ''Echinochloa colona'', '' Echinochloa frumentacea'', ''Echinochloa stagnina'', ''Panicum sumatrense'' *''Atherigona hyalinipennis'' ( teff shoot fly) *''Atherigona miliaceae'' (finger millet shoot fly or little millet shoot fly): affects '' Panicum miliaceum'', ''Panicum sumatrense'' *'' Atherigona naqvii'' (wheat stem fly): affects ''Triticum aestivum'', ''Zea mays'' *''Atherigona orientalis'' (tomato fly or pepper fruit fly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atherigona Reversura
''Atherigona reversura'', the bermudagrass stem maggot, is a muscid shoot-fly. The genus comprises more than 220 species, and some of them are very damaging pests in agriculture. The bermudagrass stem maggot takes its name from its host preference for bermudagrass ''Cynodon dactylon'', commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a grass found worldwide. It is native to Europe, Africa, Australia and much of Asia. It has been introduced to the Americas. Although it is not native to Bermuda, it is an abundant invasiv ... (''Cynodon dactylon'') and stargrass ('' Cynodon nlemfuensis''). Description This small fly has an angular head, transparent wings, and the adult fly is colored between gray and yellow. Males have a rounded abdomen and are smaller than females. The abdomen in the females is larger and pointed. The larvae is cylindrical, white and has mouthhooks that are used to masticate the tender parts of the new shoots.Hancock, D.W., Hudson, W., Baxter, L.L. and McCullers J.T. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panicum Sumatrense
''Panicum sumatrense'', known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. Description This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows straight or with folded blades to a height of to . The leaves are linear, with the sometimes trichome, hairy laminae and membranous hairy ligules. The panicles are from in length with long awn (botany), awn. The grain is round and smooth, long. Subspecies There have been two subspecies described: *''Panicum sumatrense'' Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. ''psilopodium'' (Trin.) Wet. *''Panicum sumatrense'' Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. ''sumatrense'' Distribution and habitat In the temperate zones of Asia: the Caucasus, China, East Asia and also in the tropics of the continent: India, Indochina and Malaysia. It can withstand both drought and waterlogging. It can be cultivated up to 2000 m above sea level. Common names Hindi language, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paspalum Scrobiculatum
''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United States''. Issue 793 of ''Farmers' bulletin'', U.S. Department of Agriculture. 28 pages. is an annual grain that is grown primarily in Nepal (not to be confused with Kodo (Finger millet, ''Eleusine coracana'')) and also in India, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and in West Africa from where it originated. It is grown as a minor crop in most of these areas, with the exception of the Deccan plateau in India where it is grown as a major food source. It is a very hardy crop that is drought tolerant and can survive on marginal soils where other crops may not survive, and can supply 450–900 kg of grain per hectare.Heuzé V., Tran G., Giger-Reverdin S., 2015. Scrobic (Paspalum scrobiculatum) forage and grain. Feedipedia, a program ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryza Sativa
''Oryza sativa'', commonly known as Asian rice or indica rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as ''rice''. It is the type of farmed rice whose cultivars are most common globally, and was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago. ''Oryza sativa'' belongs to the genus '' Oryza'' of the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the botany of cereals. Classification ''Oryza sativa'' contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained ''japonica'' or ''sinica'' variety, and the nonsticky, long-grained ' rice variety. ''Japonica'' was domesticated in the Yangtze Valley 9–6,000 years ago, and its varieties can be cultivated in dry fields (it is cultivated mainly submerged in Japan), in temperate East Asia, upland areas of Southeast Asia, and high elevations in South Asia, while ''indica'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atherigona Oryzae
''Atherigona oryzae'', the rice shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. It is found in Asia and Australia. It is known to affect rice, kodo millet ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United S ..., wheat, and corn crops. References Muscidae Insect pests of millets Taxa named by John Russell Malloch {{Muscidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atherigona Orientalis
''Atherigona orientalis'', the tomato fly, is a species of fly Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Diptera, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwing ... in the family Muscidae. References Muscidae Insect pests of millets {{Muscidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zea Mays
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. The term ''maize'' is preferred in formal, scientific, and international usage as a common name because it refers specifically to this one grain, unlike ''corn'', which has a complex variety of meanings that vary by context and geographic region. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. In addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triticum Aestivum
Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield. Taxonomy Numerous forms of wheat have evolved under human selection. This diversity has led to confusion in the naming of wheats, with names based on both genetic and morphological characteristics. List of common cultivars * Albimonte * Manital Phylogeny Bread wheat is an allohexaploid (an allopolyploid with six sets of chromosomes: two sets from each of three different species). Of the six sets of chromosomes, two come from ''Triticum urartu'' (einkorn wheat) and two from a species related to ''Aegilops speltoides''. This spontaneous hybridisation created the tetraploid species ''Triticum turgidum'' (an ancestor of wild emmer wheat and durum wheat) 580,000–820,000 years ago. The last two sets of chromosomes came from wild goat-gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atherigona Naqvii
''Atherigona naqvii'', the wheat stem fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. It is a pest of the wheat plant, ''Triticum aestivum'', and has also been known to affect maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ... crops. References Muscidae Insect pests of millets {{Muscidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panicum Miliaceum
''Panicum miliaceum'' is a grain crop with many common names, including proso millet, broomcorn millet, common millet, hog millet, Kashfi millet, red millet, and white millet. Archaeobotanical evidence suggests millet was first domesticated about 10,000 BP in Northern China. The crop is extensively cultivated in China, India, Nepal, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Middle East, Turkey, Romania, and the United States, where about half a million acres are grown each year. The crop is notable both for its extremely short lifecycle, with some varieties producing grain only 60 days after planting, and its low water requirements, producing grain more efficiently per unit of moisture than any other grain species tested. The name "proso millet" comes from the pan-Slavic general and generic name for millet ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, proso, просо, cs, proso, pl, proso, russian: просо). Proso millet is a relative of foxtail millet, pearl millet, maize, and sorghum within the gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Little Millet
''Panicum sumatrense'', known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. Description This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows straight or with folded blades to a height of to . The leaves are linear, with the sometimes hairy laminae and membranous hairy ligules. The panicles are from in length with long awn. The grain is round and smooth, long. Subspecies There have been two subspecies described: *''Panicum sumatrense'' Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. ''psilopodium'' (Trin.) Wet. *''Panicum sumatrense'' Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. ''sumatrense'' Distribution and habitat In the temperate zones of Asia: the Caucasus, China, East Asia and also in the tropics of the continent: India, Indochina and Malaysia. It can withstand both drought and waterlogging. It can be cultivated up to 2000 m above sea level. Common names Hindi: Kutki, Shavan. Bengali : Sama. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finger Millet
''Eleusine coracana'', or finger millet, also known as ragi in India, kodo in Nepal, is an annual herbaceous plant widely grown as a cereal crop in the arid and semiarid areas in Africa and Asia. It is a tetraploid and self-pollinating species probably evolved from its wild relative ''Eleusine africana''. Finger millet is native to the Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands. Interesting crop characteristics of finger millet are the ability to withstand cultivation at altitudes over 2000 m above sea level, its high drought tolerance, and the long storage time of the grains. History Finger millet originated in East Africa (Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands). It was claimed to have been found in an Indian archaeological site dated to 1800 BCE (Late Bronze Age); however, this was subsequently demonstrated to be incorrectly identified cleaned grains of hulled millets. The oldest record of finger millet comes from an archaeological site in Africa dating to the 8th century AD. By 1996, culti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
