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''Atherigona'' is a genus of flies in the family Muscidae.


Pests

Larvae of some ''Atherigona'' species are important pests in cultivation of cereals, like rice and maize. Many are known as shoot flies. Some important species include: *'' Atherigona approximata'' (
pearl millet Pearl millet (''Cenchrus americanus'', commonly known as the synonym ''Pennisetum glaucum''; also known as 'Bajra' in Hindi, 'Sajje' in Kannada, 'Kambu' in Tamil, 'Bajeer' in Kumaoni and 'Maiwa' in Hausa, 'Mexoeira' in Mozambique) is the most w ...
shoot fly): affects ''
Pennisetum typhoides Pearl millet (''Cenchrus americanus'', commonly known as the synonym ''Pennisetum glaucum''; also known as 'Bajra' in Hindi, 'Sajje' in Kannada, 'Kambu' in Tamil, 'Bajeer' in Kumaoni and 'Maiwa' in Hausa, 'Mexoeira' in Mozambique) is the most ...
'', ''
Sorghum bicolor ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a Poaceae, grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethan ...
'' *''
Atherigona atripalpis ''Atherigona atripalpis'', the foxtail millet shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. It is found in East Asia and South Asia. Its host range includes the ''Setaria'' species ''Setaria italica'', ''Setaria glauca'', and ''Setaria p ...
'' (
foxtail millet Foxtail millet, scientific name ''Setaria italica'' (synonym ''Panicum italicum'' L.), is an annual grass grown for human food. It is the second-most widely planted species of millet, and the most grown millet species in Asia. The oldest evidenc ...
shoot fly): affects '' Setaria italica'' *''
Atherigona biseta ''Atherigona biseta'' is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. It is found in China. Its host range is restricted to the ''Setaria'' species ''Setaria viridis'', ''Setaria faberi'', and ''Setaria pumila ''Setaria pumila'' is a species of gr ...
'': affects '' Setaria italica'', ''
Setaria viridis ''Setaria viridis'' is a species of grass known by many common names, including green foxtail, green bristlegrass, and wild foxtail millet. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of ''Setaria italica''. It is native to Eurasia, but it is known o ...
'' *''
Atherigona falcata ''Atherigona falcata'', the barnyard millet shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. It is found throughout Asia. It is known to affect ''Echinochloa colona'', ''Echinochloa frumentacea'', ''Echinochloa stagnina'', and ''Panicum sum ...
'' ( barnyard millet shoot fly): affects ''
Echinochloa colona ''Echinochloa colona'', commonly known as jungle rice, deccan grass, or awnless barnyard grass, is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia. It was formerly classified as a species of ''Panicum''. It is the wild ancestor of the culti ...
'', '' Echinochloa frumentacea'', ''
Echinochloa stagnina ''Echinochloa stagnina'' (Burgu millet, bourgou, hippo grass) is a species of ''Echinochloa'' widespread in tropical Africa and Asia, with an invasive status in many Pacific islands. It was once one of the major grasses cultivated in the Inner N ...
'', ''
Panicum sumatrense ''Panicum sumatrense'', known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. Description This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows st ...
'' *''
Atherigona hyalinipennis ''Atherigona hyalinipennis'', the teff shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. The larvae feed on the seedlings of crops such as teff ''Eragrostis tef'', also known as teff, Williams lovegrass or annual bunch grass, is an annual ...
'' ( teff shoot fly) *''
Atherigona miliaceae ''Atherigona miliaceae'', the finger millet shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. The larvae feed on the central growing shoots of crops such as finger millet, little millet, and proso millet ''Panicum miliaceum'' is a grain ...
'' (
finger millet ''Eleusine coracana'', or finger millet, also known as ragi in India, kodo in Nepal, is an annual herbaceous plant widely grown as a cereal crop in the arid and semiarid areas in Africa and Asia. It is a tetraploid and self-pollinating species p ...
shoot fly or
little millet ''Panicum sumatrense'', known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. Description This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows st ...
shoot fly): affects '' Panicum miliaceum'', ''
Panicum sumatrense ''Panicum sumatrense'', known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. Description This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows st ...
'' *'' Atherigona naqvii'' (wheat stem fly): affects ''
Triticum aestivum Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield. Ta ...
'', ''
Zea mays Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
'' *''
Atherigona orientalis ''Atherigona orientalis'', the tomato fly, is a species of fly Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Diptera, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects ...
'' (tomato fly or pepper fruit fly) *''
Atherigona oryzae ''Atherigona oryzae'', the rice shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. It is found in Asia and Australia. It is known to affect rice, kodo millet ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Gran ...
'' (rice shoot fly): affects '' Oryza sativa'', ''
Paspalum scrobiculatum ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United S ...
'', ''
Triticum aestivum Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield. Ta ...
'', ''
Zea mays Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
'' *''
Atherigona pulla ''Atherigona pulla'', the proso millet shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. The larvae feed on the central growing shoots of crops such as proso millet and little millet. It is found in South Asia.Ravulapenta Sathish, M Manjunat ...
'' (
proso millet ''Panicum miliaceum'' is a grain crop with many common names, including proso millet, broomcorn millet, common millet, hog millet, Kashfi millet, red millet, and white millet. Archaeobotanical evidence suggests millet was first domesticated abou ...
shoot fly): affects '' Panicum miliaceum'', ''
Panicum sumatrense ''Panicum sumatrense'', known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. Description This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows st ...
'', ''
Paspalum scrobiculatum ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United S ...
'', '' Setaria italica'' *''
Atherigona punctata ''Atherigona punctata'', the Coimbatore wheat stem fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. In South India, it is a pest of the wheat plant, ''Triticum aestivum Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cu ...
'' (Coimbatore wheat stem fly): affects ''
Triticum aestivum Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield. Ta ...
'' *''
Atherigona reversura ''Atherigona reversura'', the bermudagrass stem maggot, is a muscid shoot-fly. The genus comprises more than 220 species, and some of them are very damaging pests in agriculture. The bermudagrass stem maggot takes its name from its host pref ...
'' (
bermudagrass ''Cynodon dactylon'', commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a grass found worldwide. It is native to Europe, Africa, Australia and much of Asia. It has been introduced to the Americas. Although it is not native to Bermuda, it is an abundant invasiv ...
stem maggot): affects '' Cynodon dactylon'' (turf grasses) *''
Atherigona simplex ''Atherigona simplex'', the kodo millet shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea. Muscidae, some of which are commonly known as house flies or stable flies due ...
'' (
kodo millet ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United S ...
shoot fly): affects ''
Paspalum scrobiculatum ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United S ...
'' *''
Atherigona soccata ''Atherigona soccata'', the sorghum shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae whose larvae feed on the central growing shoots of millet crops like sorghum and finger millet, as well as maize, where they can cause serious loss of yield ...
'' (
sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...
shoot fly): affects ''
Sorghum bicolor ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a Poaceae, grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethan ...
'', ''
Zea mays Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
'', '' Eleusine coracana''


Species


See also

* List of dipterans of Sri Lanka


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q14502078 Muscidae Insect pests of millets Taxa named by Camillo Rondani