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Shin Fujin Kyokai
The New Women's Association (NWA, also known as New Women's Society 新婦人協会, ''Shin-fujin kyokai'') was a Japanese women's rights organization founded in 1919. The organization strove to enhance women's rights in the areas of education, employment, and suffrage. It also aimed to protect women from venereal disease by attempting to prevent men with these diseases from marrying, as well as by allowing women whose husbands had these diseases to get a divorce. The organization played an important role in changing Article 5 of the Public Peace Police Law, which had prohibited women from participating in public meetings. NWA also enlisted the help of men as advocates for women in politics. The organization is widely credited for raising the issue of women's rights in Japan and influencing the Diet's decision to expand them. The Diet passed changes to Article 5 of the Public Peace Police Law in 1922. The organization disbanded in the same year under the authority of leader Hiratsuka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rikken Seiyūkai
The was one of the main political parties in the pre-war Empire of Japan. It was also known simply as the ''Seiyūkai''. Founded on September 15, 1900, by Itō Hirobumi,David S. Spencer, "Some Thoughts on the Political Development of the Japanese People", ''The Journal of International Relations'' (January 1920) p325 the ''Seiyūkai'' was a pro-government alliance of bureaucrats and former members of the ''Kenseitō.'' The ''Seiyūkai'' was the most powerful political party in the Lower House of the Diet of Japan from 1900 to 1921, and it promoted big government and large-scale public spending. Though labeled "liberal" by its own members, it was generally conservative by modern definitions. It often opposed social reforms and it supported bureaucratic control and militarism for the purpose of winning votes. It viewed the ''Rikken Minseitō'' as its main rival. The ''Seiyūkai'' came into power in October 1900 under the 4th Itō administration. Under its second leader, Saionji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Establishments In Japan
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bluestocking
''Bluestocking'' is a term for an educated, intellectual woman, originally a member of the 18th-century Blue Stockings Society from England led by the hostess and critic Elizabeth Montagu (1718–1800), the "Queen of the Blues", including Elizabeth Vesey (1715–1791), Hester Chapone (1727–1801) and the classicist Elizabeth Carter (1717–1806). In the following generation came Hester Lynch Piozzi (1741–1821), Hannah More (1745–1833) and Frances Burney (1752–1840). The term now more broadly applies to women who show interest in literary or intellectual matters. Until the late 18th century, the term had referred to learned people of both sexes. It was later applied primarily to intellectual women and the French equivalent ''bas bleu'' had a similar connotation. The term later developed negative implications and is now often used in a derogatory manner. The reference to blue stockings may arise from the time when woollen worsted stockings were informal dress, in contrast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminism In Japan
Feminism in Japan began with women's rights movements that date back to antiquity. The movement started to gain momentum after Western thinking was brought into Japan during the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Japanese feminism differs from Western feminism in the sense that less emphasis is on individual autonomy. Prior to the late 19th century, Japanese women were bound by the traditional patriarchal system where senior male members of the family maintain their authority in the household.Yuji Iwasawa. ''International Law, Human Rights, and Japanese Law''. p. 205. After the reforms brought by Meiji Restoration, the status of women in Japanese society also went through series of changes. Trafficking in women was restricted, women were allowed to request divorces, and both boys and girls were required to receive elementary education. Further changes to the status of women came about in the aftermath of World War II. Women received the right to vote, and a section of the new constitution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Christian Women's Organization
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Tokyo is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the most densely populated and urbanized. About three-fourths of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its population of 123.2 million on narrow coastal plains. Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaizō
''Kaizō'' (改造 ''kaizō'') was a Japanese general-interest magazine that started publication during the Taishō period and printed many articles of socialist content. ''Kaizō'' can be translated into English as "Reorganize", "Restructure", "Reconstruct" or "Reconstruction". Beginnings In 1919, after World War I, Yamamoto Sanehiko's company, called ''Kaizōsha'' (改造社), began publishing ''Kaizō.'' Although it is well known for carrying works of fiction, its sales grew because of the articles it carried pertaining to labor and social problems. At this time, due to the influence of the Russian Revolution, Japanese intellectuals were also examining social issues and socialist thought. Essays by writers such as Christian socialist Kagawa Toyohiko, Marxist Kawakami Hajime, and Yamakawa Hitoshi were published and helped the magazine gain popularity. It also published Shiga Naoya's novel ''A Dark Night's Passing'' (1921–37), Riichi Yokomitsu's ''Shanghai'' (1929-1931 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sekirankai
The ''Sekirankai'' (赤瀾会; Red Wave Society) was a Japanese socialist women's organization active in 1921. Members of an anarchist group established the organization in April 1921. Prominent feminists Yamakawa Kikue and Noe Itō were advisers for the group, which participated in that year's May Day activities, published the magazine ''Omedetashi'', held seminars and lectures, and distributed anti-war leaflets to the army. Their manifesto condemned capitalism, arguing that it turned women into slaves and prostitutes. The ''Sekirankai'' was the first women's socialist association and clashed with ''Shin Fujin Kyōkai'' (the New Women's Association). The organization dissolved eight months after its creation. History Founding The ''Sekirankai'' was formed at time in Imperial Japan when Socialist thought in Imperial Japan, socialist thought gained enough momentum to be expressed publicly. The ''Sekirankai'' was founded in April 1921 from an anarchist group established by Sakai M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itō Noe
was a Japanese anarchist, social critic, author, and feminist. She was the editor-in-chief of the feminist magazine '' Seitō (Bluestocking)''. Her progressive anarcha-feminist ideology challenged the norms of the Meiji and Taishō periods in which she lived. She drew praise from critics by being able to weave her personal and political ideas into her writings. The Japanese government, however, condemned her for challenging the constructs of the time. She became a martyr of the anarchist ideology in which she believed during the Amakasu Incident, when she was murdered along with her husband, anarchist author Ōsugi Sakae, and his nephew. Early life and education Itō was born on the island of Kyushu near Fukuoka, Japan on January 21, 1895. She was born into an aristocratic family and convinced an uncle to pay for her education at Ueno Girls High School in Tokyo, from which she graduated. It was at this school where she developed an affinity for literature. She was part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamakawa Kikue
was a Japanese essayist, activist, and socialist feminist who contributed to the development of feminism in modern Japan. Born into a highly-educated family of the former samurai class, Yamakawa graduated from the private women's college Joshi Eigaku Juku (renamed Tsuda College in 1948) in 1912. In 1916, she married the communist activist and theoretician Yamakawa Hitoshi, who, in 1922, founded the short-lived pre-war Japanese Communist Party and was a leader of the Labor-Farmer faction. In pre-war times, she contributed to the development of feminism as a founding member of the Red Wave Society (Sekirankai), Japan's first socialist women's organization, and she was one of the most visible socialist women. She is famous for "her position in debates on prostitution and motherhood, in which she consistently challenged liberal feminists (who she termed "bourgeois feminists") on the possibility of women achieving full rights within a capitalist system". While she is perhaps better ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morito Tatsuo
was a Japanese economist. He served as the Minister of Education under Prime Minister Tetsu Katayama, and was the first president of Hiroshima University. Early life and education Morito was born in what is now Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan on December 23, 1888. He attended , where he was influenced by Nitobe Inazo. He then went on to study at the Tokyo Imperial University, where he studied under Takano Iwasaburo. He graduated in 1914, but became an assistant professor there in 1919. Career Morito incident Morito was a member of the university's newly-created economics department, and was a member of a Marxist study group. Ōuchi Hyōei, another member of the study group, became the editor of the department's new research journal, and published an article that Morito had submitted. The article was a discussion of Peter Kropotkin's theories and a criticism of Japan's political systems. The Home Ministry made them stop distributing the journal on December 27, 1919, on the gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujin Kōron
(meaning ''Woman's Review'' in English) is a Japanese bi-weekly women's magazine published by Chūōkōron-Shinsha. It was founded under the concept of women's liberation and establishment of selfhood. It was first published in January 1916 (Taishō 5). It is one of the new intellectual feminist magazines in Japan during the 1910s. Notable works See also * ''Bluestocking'' (magazine) * ''Fujin Gahō'' * ''Shufu no Tomo'' * '' Shōjo no Tomo'' * '' Shōjo Sekai'' * ''Shōjo Friend was a shōjo manga magazine formerly published by Kodansha, beginning in 1962. Kodansha used the knowledge gained from publishing magazines aimed at young girls, including ''Nakayoshi'' and '' Shōjo Club'', as well as the experience from publi ...'' References 1916 establishments in Japan Biweekly magazines published in Japan Feminism in Japan Feminist magazines Literary magazines published in Japan Literary translation magazines Magazines established in 1916 Magazines publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
