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Shia View Of Aisha
The Shi'a view of Aisha is generally unfavourable. This is primarily due to what they see as her contempt for the Ahl al-Bayt (the Islamic prophet Muhammad's family) and her actions in the First Fitna (civil war) of the time. Her participation in the Battle of the Camel is widely considered her most significant sign of such contempt. They also do not believe that she conducted herself in an appropriate manner in her role as Muhammad's wife. She, along with Hafsa, brought about Muhammad's death by giving him poison. Shi'a also consider Aisha to be a controversial figure because of her political involvement during her lifetime. Aisha came from a political family lineage, as she was the daughter of Abu Bakr the caliph. Aisha also played an active role in Muhammad's political life; she was known to accompany him to wars, where she learned military skills, such as initiating pre-war negotiations between combatants, conducting battles, and ending wars. Lawfulness of criticism Sunn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi'a
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his Succession to Muhammad, successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imamah (Shia doctrine), Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of Companions of the Prophet, Muhammad's other companions (''ṣaḥāba'') at Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam, Sunnī Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before Death of Muhammad, his death and consider Abu Bakr, Abū Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of senior Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first Rashidun, rightful (''rāshidūn'') caliph after Muhammad. Adherents of Shīʿa Islam are c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatimah
Fāṭima bint Muḥammad ( ar, فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت مُحَمَّد}, 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, the fourth of the Rashidun Caliphs and the first Shia Imam. Fatima's sons were Hasan and Husayn, the second and third Shia Imams, respectively. Fatima has been compared to Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Shia Islam. Muhammad is said to have regarded her as the best of women and the dearest person to him. She is often viewed as an ultimate archetype for Muslim women and an example of compassion, generosity, and enduring suffering. It is through Fatima that Muhammad's family line has survived to this date. Her name and her epithets remain popular choices for Muslim girls. When Muhammad died in 632, Fatima and her husband Ali refused to acknowledge the authority of the first caliph, Abu Bakr. The couple and their supporters held that Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talhah Ibn Ubaydullah
Ṭalḥa ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī ( ar, طَلْحَة بن عُبَيْد اللّه التَّيمي, ) was a Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, he is mostly known for being among ('the ten to whom Paradise was promised'). He played an important role in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel, in which he died. According to Sunnis, he was given the title "The Generous" by Muhammad.سير أعلام النبلاء، لشمس الدين الذهبي، ترجمة طلحة بن عبيد الله، الجزء الأول، صـ 24: 40 Biography Talha was born c.594,Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Uthman Ibn 'Affan
Uthman ibn Affan ( ar, عثمان بن عفان, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān; – 17 June 656), also spelled by Colloquial Arabic, Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was a second cousin, son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the '' Rāshidun'', or "Rightly Guided Caliphs". Born into a prominent Meccan clan, Banu Umayya of the Quraysh tribe, he played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 60/61 years, Uthman, aged 68–71 years, succeeded him and was the oldest to rule as Caliph. Under Uthman's leadership, the Islamic empire expanded into Fars (present-day Iran) in 650, and some areas of Khorāsān (present-day Afghanistan) in 651. The conquest of Armenia had begun by the 640s. His reign also saw widespread protests and unrest that eventually led to armed revolt and his assassinatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalifat
A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Al-Qibtiyya
(), better known as or ( ar, مارية القبطية), or Mary the Copt, died 637, was an Egyptian woman who, along with her sister Sirin, was sent to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628 as a gift by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria, during the territory's Persian occupation. She and her sister were slaves.Ibn Ishaq, ''The Life of Muhammad'', p. 499. She spent the rest of her life in Medina where she converted to Islam and lived with Muhammad where she bore a son, Ibrahim. The son would die as an infant and then she died almost five years later. Biography In the Islamic year 6 AH (627 – 628 CE), Muhammad is said to have had letters written to the great rulers of the Middle East, proclaiming the continuation of the monotheistic faith with its final messages and inviting the rulers to join. The purported texts of some of the letters are found in Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari's ''History of the Prophets and Kings''. Tabari writes that a deputation was sent to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safiyya Bint Huyayy
Ṣafīyyah bint Ḥuyayy ( ar, صفية بنت حيي) was one of the wives of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. She was, along with all other wives of Muhammad, titled Umm-ul-Mu'mineen or the "Mother of Believers".Stowasser, Barbara. ''The Mothers of the Believers in the Hadith''. The Muslim World, Volume 82, Issue 1-2: 1-36. After Muhammad's death, she became involved in the power politics of the early Muslim community, and acquired substantial influence by the time of her death. Her maternal grandfather was Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya, a celebrated pre-Islamic Arabian Jewish poet. Early life Safiyya was born in Medina to Huyayy ibn Akhtab, the chief of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir. Her mother, Barra bint Samawal, was from the Banu Qurayza tribe. She was the granddaughter of Samaw'al ibn Adiya from the Banu Harith tribe. According to a source, she was married off to Sallam ibn Mishkam, who later divorced her. When the Banu Nadir were expelled from Medina in 625, her family settled in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qur'an 66
At-Taḥrīm ( ar, التحريم, "Banning, Prohibition") is the 66th Surah or chapter of the Quran and contains 12 verses ( ayah). This Surah deals with questions regarding Muhammad's wives. The Surah's name is derived from the words lima tuharrimu' of the first verse. This is not a title of its subject matter, but the name implies that it is the Surah in which the incident of tahrim (prohibition, forbiddance) has been mentioned. Summary *1 Muhammad reproved for making a vow to please his wives *2 He is relieved from his vow *3-5 Muhammad's wives(Aisha & Hafsa) reproved and threatened for their jealousy in the affair of Zaynab bint Jahsh, Muhammad's another wife *6-8 Exhortation to believers to exercise faith, repentance etc. *9 Muhammad commanded to treat infidels and hypocrites with severity *10-12 The wives of Noah, Lot, Pharaoh, and the daughter of Imran examples to Muslim women Probable date of revelation In connection with the incident of Tahrim referred to in this Sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah Tahrim
At-Taḥrīm ( ar, التحريم, "Banning, Prohibition") is the 66th Surah or chapter of the Quran and contains 12 verses (ayah). This Surah deals with questions regarding Muhammad's wives. The Surah's name is derived from the words lima tuharrimu' of the first verse. This is not a title of its subject matter, but the name implies that it is the Surah in which the incident of tahrim (prohibition, forbiddance) has been mentioned. Summary *1 Muhammad reproved for making a vow to please Muhammad's wives, his wives *2 He is relieved from his vow *3-5 Muhammad's wives(Aisha & Hafsa) reproved and threatened for their jealousy in the affair of Zaynab bint Jahsh, Muhammad's another wife *6-8 Exhortation to believers to exercise faith, repentance in Islam, repentance etc. *9 Muhammad commanded to treat infidels and hypocrites with severity *10-12 The wives of Noah, Lot, Asiya, Pharaoh, and the daughter of Imran examples to Muslim women Probable date of revelation In connection with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaynab Bint Jahsh
Zaynab bint Jaḥsh ( ar, زينب بنت جحش; 590–641 CE), was a first cousin and wife of Muhammad and therefore considered by Muslims to be a Mother of the Believers. Abdulmalik ibn Hisham. ''Notes to Ibn Ishaq's "Life of the Prophet"'', Note 918. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad'', p. 793. Oxford: Oxford University Press. She had previously been married to Muhammad's adopted son Zayd ibn Harithah. Early life Zaynab's father was Jahsh ibn Riyab, an immigrant from the Asad ibn Khuzayma tribe who had settled in Mecca under the protection of the Umayya clan. Her mother was Umayma bint Abd al-Muttalib, a member of the Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe and a sister of Muhammad's father.Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir''. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''Volume 8: The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. Hence Zaynab and her five siblings were the first cousins of Muhammad. Zaynab was said to be quick to lose her temper but a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Massi Dakake
Maria Massi Dakake ( ) is an American scholar of Islamic studies and associate professor of Religious Studies at George Mason University. Her research mainly focuses on Islamic intellectual history, Quranic studies, Shi`ite and Sufi traditions, and women's spirituality and religious experience. She was a contributor to ''The Study Quran'' - a modern verse-by-verse commentary of the Quran. Biography Dakake graduated with a B.A in Government from Cornell University in 1990 and completed her MA and PhD in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University in 1998 and 2000 respectively. She is the director of Graduate program at George Mason University and a founding member and former interim director (2015-2016) of the Ali Vural Ak Center for Global Islamic Studies. She has been at George Mason University since 2000 and has served as the chair of the Department of Religious Studies. Before joining George Mason University, Dakake taught at the College of New Jersey as an adjunct professor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Dhuhli ( ar, أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل الذهلي, translit=Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal al-Dhuhlī; November 780 – 2 August 855 CE/164–241 AH), was a Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, hadith traditionist, and founder of the Hanbali school of Sunni jurisprudence — one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam. A highly influential and active scholar during his lifetime,H. Laoust, "Ahmad b. Hanbal," in ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Vol. I, pp. 272-7 Ibn Hanbal went on to become "one of the most venerated" intellectual figures in Islamic history, who has had a "profound influence affecting almost every area of" the traditionalist perspective within Sunni Islam.Holtzman, Livnat, “Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. One of the foremost classical proponents of relying on scriptural sources as the basis for Sunni Islamic law and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
