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Shan United Revolutionary Army
The Shan United Revolutionary Army ( my, ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်တပ်ပေါင်းစုတော်လှန်ရေးတပ်မတော်; abbreviated SURA) or Tai Revolutionary Council (TRC) was a Shan insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma), led by Moh Heng. History The SURA was formed in the 1960s by Moh Heng, who earlier formed the Shan State Communist Party in 1956. The SURA however took anti-communist position due to its close links with the KMT. In 1984, it merged with the anti-communist 2nd Brigade of the Shan State Army to form the Tai Revolutionary Council (TRC) when the 2nd Brigade headquarters was overrun by Khun Sa's Shan United Army (SUA). In early 1985 its headquarters at Piang Luang came under pressure from the SUA as the latter sought to consolidate control over the border area. The TRC then ended its relationship the KMT, and allied itself with the SUA, to create the Mong Tai Army with its base of operations in Homong.; Ber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Conflict In Myanmar
Insurgencies have been ongoing in Myanmar since 1948, the year the country, then known as Burma, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The conflict has largely been ethnic-based, with several ethnic armed groups fighting Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw, for self-determination. Despite numerous ceasefires and the creation of autonomous self-administered zones in 2008, many armed groups continue to call for independence, increased autonomy, or the federalisation of the country. The conflict is the world's longest ongoing civil war, having spanned more than seven decades. Background In 1940, during World War II, a group of young Burmese intellectuals left for Japan to receive military training in preparation for an anti-colonial struggle against the British. This group came to be known as the Thirty Comrades, and upon returning to Burma in 1941 they established the Burma Independence Army (BIA) to fight against the Allies. Upon their capture of Rangoon in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin ''brevis'', meaning ''short'') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word ''abbreviation'' can itself be represented by the abbreviation ''abbr.'', ''abbrv.'', or ''abbrev.''; ''NPO'', for nil (or nothing) per (by) os (mouth) is an abbreviated medical instruction. It may also consist of initials only, a mixture of initials and words, or words or letters representing words in another language (for example, e.g., i.e. or RSVP). Some types of abbreviations are acronyms (some pronounceable, some initialisms) or grammatical contractions or crasis. An abbreviation is a shortening by any of these or other methods. Different types of abbreviation Acronyms, initialisms, contractions and crasis share some semantic and phonetic functions, and all four are connected by the term "abbreviation" in loose parlance. A initialism is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebel Groups In Myanmar
A rebel is a participant in a rebellion. Rebel or rebels may also refer to: People * Rebel (given name) * Rebel (surname) * Patriot (American Revolution), during the American Revolution * American Southerners, as a form of self-identification; see Southern United States * DJ Rebel (born 1984), or simply Rebel, Belgian DJ * Johnny Reb, or Johnny Rebel, the national personification of the Southern states of the United States * In professional wrestling: **Rebel (wrestler), American professional wrestler ** Rockin Rebel, American professional wrestler ** The Rebel, a nickname for American professional wrestler Dick Slater Organizations and brands * Rebel (company), a sport equipment retailer in Australia and New Zealand * Rebel (entertainment complex), an entertainment complex in Toronto, Ontario, Canada * Rebel (Denmark), a Danish youth organization * Murphy Rebel, an airplane model by Murphy Aircraft * REBEL (chess), a chess program * Rebel (train), a type of train * Reaching Ever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opium Production In Myanmar
Opium production in Myanmar has historically been a major contributor to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Myanmar is the world's second-largest producer of opium after Afghanistan, producing some 25% of the world's opium, and forms part of the Golden Triangle. The opium industry was a monopoly during colonial times and has since been illegally tolerated, encouraged and informally taxed by corrupt officials in the Tatmadaw (Armed forces of Myanmar), Myanmar Police Force and rebel fighters, primarily as the basis for heroin manufacture. In recent times however, opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar has declined year-on-year since 2015. According to latest data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), an estimated 405 metric tons (mt) of opium were produced in Myanmar in 2020, representing less than half of the estimate of 2013 (870 mt), while the area of opium poppy cultivation declined by 11% from 33,100 in 2019 to 29,500 hectares (ha). With that said, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertil Lintner
Bertil Lintner (born 1953) is a Swedish journalist, author and strategic consultant who has been writing about Asia for nearly four decades. He was formerly the Burma (Myanmar) correspondent of the now defunct ''Far Eastern Economic Review'', and Asia correspondent for the Swedish daily ''Svenska Dagbladet'' and Denmark's ''Politiken''. He currently works as a correspondent for ''Asia Times''. Life and work Bertil Lintner has written extensively about Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), India (with an emphasis on north east India), China and North Korea in various local, national and international publications of over thirty countries. He is considered to be the first journalist to reveal the growing relationship between Burma and North Korea on strategic cooperation. He mainly writes about organized crime, ethnic and political insurgencies, and regional security. He has published several books including, ''Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma's Struggle for Democracy'', ''Blood Brothers: The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan United Army
Shan United Army (SUA) was a Shan militia group formed by Khun Sa. Originally formed in 1966 as the Loimaw Ka Kwe Ye (anti-communist militia), it changed the name to reflect a Shan nationalist orientation during the 1970s and regrouped in Ban Hin Taek, northern Thailand. In 1985, the group merged with the Tai Revolutionary Council led by Moh Heng to create the Mong Tai Army The Mong Tai Army ( my, မိုင်းတိုင်းတပ်မတော်; sometimes transcribed Muang Tai Army; abbreviated MTA), was an insurgent group consisting of soldiers from the Shan minority in Myanmar, founded in 1985 by .... References {{Insurgent groups in Myanmar Rebel groups in Myanmar Shan militia groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan State Army
The Shan State Army ( my, သျှမ်းပြည်တပ်မတော်; abbreviated SSA) was one of the largest insurgent groups that fought government forces in Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). The SSA was founded in 1964 after the merging of two existing insurgent groups. The SSA recruited and trained thousands of local Shan people to join their ranks. Although their initial purpose was to fight for autonomy in Shan State, their battle had extended to fighting against the Communist Party of Burma (CPB), Kuomintang soldiers sponsored by the CIA in Myanmar, and opium smugglers in Shan State. The SSA however, could not fulfill its goals, and in 1976 it dissolved. It would later become the basis for the Shan State Army - North and the Shan State Army - South, but the SSA was not directly linked to either group. History Resistance by the Shan State can be traced back to the pre-colonial period, when the Shan kingdoms, once largely independent,Rogers. B . (2012). Bur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan State Communist Party
The Shan State Communist Party (SSCP; my, ရှမ်းပြည်နယ် ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ) was a communist party in Shan State, Burma (present-day Myanmar). The party was founded in 1956 by Moh Heng, a commander of the Communist Party of Burma in Lawksawk, in protest of a decision by the CPB leadership to reject the creation of a separate party committee for Shan State. The party leadership consisted of Bo Hla Min (chairman), Bo Min Thaung (politburo member), Bo Tun Lin (politburo member), Bo Moe Hein (politburo member), Saw Lwin (regional committee member), Ba Din (regional committee member), Ohn Pwint (regional committee member) and Hlaw Ywet Kan (regional committee member).Fleischmann, Klaus. ''Die Kommunistische Partei Birmas - Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moh Heng
Moh (Punjabi: ਮੋਹ ''mōha''; Sanskrit: ''muh'': is a word in Punjabi and Sanskrit. Definition “to become stupefied, to be bewildered or perplexed, to err, to be mistaken”. It stands in ancient texts for perplexity or confusion and for the cause of confusion, that is, ''avidya'' or ''ajnana'' (ignorance or illusion). It is called ''aaskti'' "आसक्ति" in Hindi, which is considered a root cause for राग द्वेष "all the sorrows in life". In Hindu religious texts it is a cause of ignorance अज्ञान which is due to worldly illusion माया (''maya''). In another context, it stands for “the snare of worldly illusion, infatuation.” Its function is twofold: it dims the discernment of truth, prevents the perception of reality, and it creates an error of judgement or leads to wrong knowledge (''mithya jnana''). Humans believe in an eternal reality of their own existence or ego; they see truth in what is false and seek happiness in wha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: [ˈmjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə]. So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as [mɑːr] or of Burma as [bɜːrmə] by some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad a, broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insurgency
An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irregular forces face a large, well-equipped, regular military force state adversary. Due to this asymmetry, insurgents avoid large-scale direct battles, opting instead to blend in with the civilian population (mainly in the countryside) where they gradually expand territorial control and military forces. Insurgency frequently hinges on control of and collaboration with local populations. An insurgency can be fought via counter-insurgency warfare, as well as other political, economic and social actions of various kinds. Due to the blending of insurgents with the civilian population, insurgencies tend to involve considerable violence against civilians (by the state and the insurgents). State attempts to quell insurgencies frequently lead to the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan People
The Shan people ( shn, တႆး; , my, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ), also known as the Tai Long, or Tai Yai are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan are the biggest minority of Burma (Myanmar) and primarily live in the Shan State of this country, but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Region, Kachin State, and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China ( Dai people), Laos, Assam (Ahom people) and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number 4–6 million, with CIA Factbook giving an estimate of five million spread throughout Myanmar which is about 10% of the overall Burmese population. 'Shan' is a generic term for all Tai-speaking peoples within Myanmar (Burma). The capital of Shan State is Taunggyi, the fifth-largest city in Myanmar with about 390,000 people. Other major cities include Thibaw (Hsipaw), Lashio, Kengtung and Tachileik. Etymology The Shan use the endonym Tai (တႆး) in r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
