Sesbania Rostrata

	Sesbania Rostrata ''Sesbania rostrata'' is a small semi-aquatic leguminous tree, in the genus ''Sesbania''. It forms a symbiotic relationship with Gram-negative rhizobia which leads to the formation of nitrogen fixing nodules on both stem and roots. It is mainly used as green manure to improve soil fertility due to its fast growth, high biomass production and ability to convert large amounts of atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants. Other applications include production of high quality forage for livestock and it is a source of fuel-wood. Description ''Sesbania rostrata'' is a woody, erect, robust, annual or short-lived perennial of about 1 to 3 m tall. The stem is covered with soft hairs and is 15 mm thick. Leaves are 7 to 25 cm long and paripinnate with 12 to 22 pairs of leaflets. Racemes contain 3 to 15 flowers on a rachis, and flowers are yellow. Pods are curved 15 to 22 cm long, and seeds are small, sub-cylindrical, and light to dark brown in colour. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Sesbania ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesbania ('' Sesbania bispinosa''), and ''Sesbania sesban'', which is used in cooking. Plants of this genus, some of which are aquatic, can be used in alley cropping to increase the soil's nitrogen content. The species of rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation in ''Sesbania rostrata'' is '' Azorhizobium caulinodans''. Some 60 species are currently accepted, with about 39 still unresolved. The largest number of species are found in Africa, and the remainder in Australia, Hawaii, and Asia. Fossil record Fossil seed pods from the upper Oligocene resembling ''Sesbania'' have been found in the Hungarian locality of Eger Wind-brickyard. The fossil species grew in a swampy and riparian environment.Distribution of Legumes in the Tertiary of Hung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Soil Fertility Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality.Bodenfruchtbarkeit Retrieved on 2015-11-09. It also refers to the soil's ability to supply plant/crop nutrients in the right quantities and qualities over a sustained period of time.A fertile soil has the following properties: * The ability to supply essential plant nutrients and water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and * The absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth e.g Fe^2+ which leads to nutrient toxicity. The following properties contribute to soil fertilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	International Rice Research Institute The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international agricultural research and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna, in the Philippines, and offices in seventeen countries. IRRI is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia. The institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and the strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in. IRRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers in the world that form the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, a global partnership of organizations engaged in research on food security. It is also the largest non-profit agricultural res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ratooning Ratooning is the agricultural practice of harvesting a monocot crop by cutting most of the above-ground portion but leaving the roots and the growing shoot apices intact so as to allow the plants to recover and produce a fresh crop in the next season. This practice is widely used in the cultivation of crops such as rice, sugarcane, banana, and pineapple. Ratoon crops cannot be perennially renewed, and may be harvested only for a few seasons, as a decline in yield tends to occur due to increased crowding, damage by pests and diseases, and decreasing soil fertility. History The earliest record for ratooning, in a crop plant, can be traced back to the Vedic period in India. The ''Atharvaveda'' mentions that farmers cultivating barley (''yava'') used to cut barley plants many a time (20/125/2, Richa or Shloka No. 5755). Chinese records of sugarcane ratooning exist from 1757, in Fujian Province. Etymology The word "ratoon" probably owes its origin either from the Latin words ''retons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Short-day Plant Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of night or a dark period. It occurs in plants and animals. Plant photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental responses of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. They are classified under three groups according to the photoperiods: short-day plants, long-day plants, and day-neutral plants. Plants Many flowering plants (angiosperms) use a photoreceptor protein, such as phytochrome or cryptochrome, to sense seasonal changes in night length, or photoperiod, which they take as signals to flower. In a further subdivision, ''obligate'' photoperiodic plants absolutely require a long or short enough night before flowering, whereas ''facultative'' photoperiodic plants are more likely to flower under one condition. Phytochrome comes in two forms: Pr and Pfr. Red light (which is present during the day) converts phytochrome to its active form (pfr). This then triggers the plant to grow. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hirschmanniella Oryzae ''Hirschmanniella oryzae'', i.e. rice root nematode (RRN), is among the major pests of rice and is the most common plant-parasitic nematode found on irrigated rice. Recent modifications in cultivation practices have led to a substantial increase in rice production, which has been accompanied by heightened levels of RRN. The proportional increases in RRN with rice production can be explained by the nematode's impeccable adaptation towards constantly flooded conditions in which irrigated rice is often being grown. The genus ''Hirschmanniella'' is found within the family Pratylenchidae and contains around 35 species, the majority of which are migratory endoparasitic nematodes of plant roots. Distribution RRN can be found throughout rice- and non-rice-growing regions of the world, including the United States, but is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. RRN has been identified in all of the following Asian countries: Myanmar, India, Pakistan, Banglade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Glomus Mosseae Glomus (Latin for 'ball of thread or yarn') can refer to: * ''Glomus'' (fungus) * Glomus tumor * Coccygeal glomus * Carotid glomus, another name for the carotid body * Glomus cell * Glomerulus ''Glomerulus'' () is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, fibers, or neurons. ''Glomerulus'' is the diminutive of the Latin ''glomus'', meaning "ball of yarn". ''Glomerulus'' may refer to: * the filter ... , an anatomical term meaning "small ball" {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Azorhizobium Caulinodans ''Azorhizobium caulinodans'' is a species of bacteria that forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plants of the genus ''Sesbania''. The symbiotic relationship between ''Sesbania rostrata'' and ''A. caulinodans'' lead to nitrogen fixing nodules in ''S. rostrata''. Bacterial chemotaxis plays an important role in establishing this symbiotic relationship. ''Azorhizobium caulinodans'' is a genome and it contains chemotaxis gene clusters that are unique. It has five chemotaxis genes which are: ''cheW''(1), ''cheW'', ''cheA'', ''cheR'', and ''cheB''. ''Azorhizobium caulinodans'' controls the movements of flagella, and the chemotaxis signaling path in ''Azorhizobium caulinodans'' helps with regulating biofilm A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular ... formation.Liu, W., Sun, Y., S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Smallholding A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholdings are usually farms supporting a single family with a mixture of cash crops and subsistence farming. As a country becomes more affluent, smallholdings may not be self-sufficient, but may be valued for the rural lifestyle. As the sustainable food and local food movements grow in affluent countries, some of these smallholdings are gaining increased economic viability. There are an estimated 500 million smallholder farms in developing countries of the world alone, supporting almost two billion people. Small-scale agriculture is often in tension with industrial agriculture, which finds efficiencies by increasing outputs, monoculture, consolidating land under big agricu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]