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Sepehr (radar)
Sepehr ( fa, سپهر, meaning "sky") is an over-the-horizon radar (OTH) developed by Iran. Little is known of the project, except it has a reported range of 3,000 km. It was originally scheduled to enter operational status in 2013. In August 2013, Iran announced completion of a first phase of the project with a range of only 300–700 km. In 2014 Iran announced it wished to establish a space-based radar system. It was expected to be finalised by the end of 2014. It is currently operational. See also * Russian Woodpecker * Cobra Mist * The Buzzer * JORN The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is an over-the-horizon radar (OHR) network that can monitor air and sea movements across . It has a normal operating range of to . It is used in the defence of Australia, and can also monitor mar ... * Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force Radar Systems References {{reflist Ground radars Military radars of Iran Military equipment introduced in the 2010s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Over-the-horizon Radar
Over-the-horizon radar (OTH), sometimes called beyond the horizon radar (BTH), is a type of radar system with the ability to detect targets at very long ranges, typically hundreds to thousands of kilometres, beyond the radar horizon, which is the distance limit for ordinary radar. Several OTH radar systems were deployed starting in the 1950s and 1960s as part of early warning radar systems, but these have generally been replaced by airborne early warning systems. OTH radars have recently been making a comeback, as the need for accurate long-range tracking becomes less important with the ending of the Cold War, and less-expensive ground-based radars are once again being considered for roles such as maritime reconnaissance and drug enforcement. Technology The frequency of radio waves used by most radars, in the form of microwaves, travel in straight lines. This generally limits the detection range of radar systems to objects on their horizon (generally referred to as "line of sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outer Space
Outer space, commonly shortened to space, is the expanse that exists beyond Earth and its atmosphere and between celestial bodies. Outer space is not completely empty—it is a near-perfect vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature of outer space, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is . The plasma between galaxies is thought to account for about half of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in the universe, having a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a kinetic temperature of millions of kelvins. Local concentrations of matter have condensed into stars and galaxies. Studies indicate that 90% of the mass in most galaxies is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Observations s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Woodpecker
''Duga'' (, ) was an over-the-horizon radar (OTH) system used in the Soviet Union as part of its early-warning radar network for missile defense. It operated from July 1976 to December 1989. Two operational ''duga'' radars were deployed, with one near Chernobyl and Chernihiv in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR (present-day Ukraine), and the other in eastern Siberia (present-day Russia). The ''duga'' system was extremely powerful, reaching over 10Watt#Megawatt, MW, and broadcast in the shortwave radio bands. It was given the nickname Russian Woodpecker by shortwave listeners for its emissions randomly appearing and sounding like sharp, repetitive tapping noises at a frequency of 10Hertz, Hz. The random frequency hops often disrupted legitimate broadcasts, amateur radio operations, oceanic commercial aviation communications, and utility transmissions, resulting in thousands of complaints by many countries worldwide. The signal became such a nuisance that s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobra Mist
Cobra Mist was the codename for an Anglo-American experimental over-the-horizon radar station at Orford Ness, England. It was known technically as AN/FPS-95 and sometimes referred to as System 441a; a reference to the project as a whole. Cobra Mist was part of a small number of "Cobra" long-range surveillance radars operated by the U.S. Cobra Mist was originally intended to be mounted in Turkey and offer coverage of most of European Soviet airspace. When Turkey objected to the site it was moved to the UK and sited to offer a view of most of Eastern Europe. Built through the late 1960s and into 1970, when the system was first turned on it proved to be plagued by noise problems that could not be identified and the project was shut down in 1973. The site and buildings were then occupied by a radio transmitting station used mainly for the UK Foreign Office and the BBC World Service until 2011. In August 2015 the site and all the facilities previously held by the UK Foreign Office a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Buzzer
, russian: МДЖБ, label=none, russian: ЖУОЗ, label=none, russian: АНВФ, label=none , former_frequencies = 4625 kHz , owner = Russian Armed Forces , name = UVB-76 , area = Russia, Soviet Union (Former) , frequency = 4625 kHz shortwave , language = Russian , coordinates = , sister_stations = The Pip, The Squeaky Wheel , city = , embedded = UVB-76 (russian: УВБ-76; see other callsigns), also known by the nickname "The Buzzer", is a shortwave radio station that broadcasts on the frequency of 4625 kHz. It broadcasts a short, monotonous , repeating at a rate of approximately 25 tones per minute, 24 hours per day. Sometimes, the buzzer signal is interrupted and a voice transmission in Russian takes place. The start date of broadcasting is disputed. However, it was allegedly reported to have started broadcasting in the late 1970s, possibly 1976. Name and callsigns The station is commonly known as "The Buzzer" in both English and Russian (russian: Жужжа ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jindalee Operational Radar Network
The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is an over-the-horizon radar (OHR) network that can monitor air and sea movements across . It has a normal operating range of to . It is used in the defence of Australia, and can also monitor maritime operations, wave heights and wind directions. JORN's main ground stations comprise a control centre, known as the JORN Coordination Centre (JCC), at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia and three transmission stations: Radar 1 near Longreach, Queensland, Radar 2 near Laverton, Western Australia and Radar 3 near Alice Springs, Northern Territory. History The roots of the JORN can be traced back to post World War II experiments in the United States and a series of Australian experiments at DSTO Edinburgh, South Australia beginning in the early 1950s. In 1969, The Technical Cooperation Program membership and papers by John Strath prompted development of a core "Over the Horizon" radar project. From July 1970 a study was undertaken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Republic Of Iran Air Defense Force
"And You Did Not Throw When You Threw, But God Did Throw" , start_date = 1933–1954 (Part of Ground Force)1954–2008 (Part of Air Force)2008–Present (As Separate Force) , branch = , type = Air defence , command_structure= Artesh , country = , battles = , garrison = Tehran , garrison_label = Headquarters , anniversaries = September 1st , march = April 18th , size = 15,000 (estimate) , commander1 = Brigadier General Alireza Sabahifard , commander1_label = Commander , identification_symbol= , identification_symbol_label=Official flag The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force ( fa, نیروی پدافند هوایی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, ''Niroo-ye Padafand-e Havaei-ye Artesh-e Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran'') is the anti-aircraft warfare service branch of Iran's regular military, the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (''Artesh''). It split from the air force (IRIAF) in 2008 and controls the country's military radar network. History In the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground Radars
Ground may refer to: Geology * Land, the surface of the Earth not covered by water * Soil, a mixture of clay, sand and organic matter present on the surface of the Earth Electricity * Ground (electricity), the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured * Earthing system, part of an electrical installation that connects with the Earth's conductive surface * Ground and neutral, closely related terms Law * Ground (often grounds), in law, a rational motive or basis for a belief, conviction, or action taken, such as a legal action or argument: * Grounds for divorce, regulations specifying the circumstances under which a person will be granted a divorce Music * ''Ground'' (album), the second album by the Nels Cline Trio * "Ground" (song), one of the songs in the debut album of the Filipino rock band Rivermaya * Ground bass, in music, a bass part that continually repeats, while the melody and harmony over it change * ''The Ground'', a 2005 album by Nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Radars Of Iran
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
