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Send Under The Yoke
To send (an enemy) under the yoke () was a practice in ancient Italy whereby defeated enemies were made to pass beneath a yoke constructed of spears either to humiliate them or to remove wikt:bloodguilt, blood guilt. History The custom was a ritual humiliation of enemies practiced by the people of ancient Italy. Both the Romans and the Samnites forced the captives of their defeated enemies to pass under a yoke formed from spears. The practice is said to have originated as a form of expiation. According to Livy, Horatius killed his own sister because she mourned the death of her lover Curiatius rather than her fallen brothers. In order to spare Horatius capital punishment and to allow him to remain within society, he was made to pass underneath a beam meant to remove his murder guilt. The early twentieth century historian W. Warde Fowler identified this as a means of removing "taboo" (''sacer'') and therefore in order to release their enemies they were stripped and passed under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudo Melioli, Romans Passing Under The Yoke, Late 15th - Early 16th Century, NGA 43922
The prefix pseudo- (from Greek ψευδής, ''pseudes'', "false") is used to mark something that superficially appears to be (or behaves like) one thing, but is something else. Subject to context, ''pseudo'' may connote coincidence, imitation, intentional deception, or a combination thereof. * In scholarship and studies, pseudo-scholarship refers to material that is presented as, but is not, the product of rigorous and objective study or research. Examples: **Pseudoarchaeology ** Pseudohistory ** Pseudolinguistics *** Pseudoscientific language comparison *** Folk linguistics ** Pseudomathematics ** Pseudophilosophy ** Pseudonym ** Pseudoscience **Pseudoculture * In biology and botany, the prefix 'pseudo' is used to indicate a species with a coincidental visual similarity to another genus. For example, ''Iris pseudacorus'' is known as '''pseud''acorus' for having leaves similar to those of ''Acorus calamus''. In biology, coincidental similarity is not the same as mimicry. * I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yoke
A yoke is a wooden beam sometimes used between a pair of oxen or other animals to enable them to pull together on a load when working in pairs, as oxen usually do; some yokes are fitted to individual animals. There are several types of yoke, used in different cultures, and for different types of oxen. A pair of oxen may be called a ''yoke of oxen'', and yoke is also a verb, as in "to ''yoke'' a pair of oxen". Other animals that may be yoked include horses, mules, donkeys, and water buffalo. Etymology The word "yoke" is believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (yoke), from root *''yewg''- (join, unite), and is thus cognate with ''yoga''. This root has descendants in almost all known Indo-European languages including German ''Joch'', Latin ''iugum'', Ancient Greek ζυγόν (''zygon''), Persian یوغ (''yuğ''), Sanskrit युग (''yugá''), Hittite 𒄿𒌑𒃷 (iúkan), Old Church Slavonic иго (''igo''), Lithuanian ''jungas'', Old Irish ''cuing'', and Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloodguilt
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Blood guilt or Bloodguilt may refer to: *any unlawful killing, see manslaughter **murder *any crime severe enough to be punished by the death penalty **crimes falling under high justice in feudal Europe See also *Weregild (blood money), paid in atonement for blood guilt *Blood court (''Blutgericht''), legal term for "high justice" in the Holy Roman Empire *Homicide *Bloodguilt in the Hebrew Bible Thou shalt not kill (LXX; ), You shall not murder (Hebrew: ; ') or You shall not kill (KJV), is a moral imperative included as one of the Ten Commandments in the Torah. The imperative not to kill is in the context of ''unlawful'' killing resul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ritual Humiliation
Public humiliation or public shaming is a form of punishment whose main feature is dishonoring or disgracing a person, usually an offender or a prisoner, especially in a public place. It was regularly used as a form of judicially sanctioned punishment in previous centuries, and is still practiced by different means in the modern era. In the United States, it was a common punishment from the beginning of European colonization through the 19th century. It fell out of common use in the 20th century, though it has seen a revival starting in the 1990s. Shameful exposure Public humiliation exists in many forms. In general, a criminal sentenced to one of the many forms of this punishment could expect to be placed in a central, public, or open place so that his fellow citizens could easily witness the sentence and, occasionally, participate in it as a form of "mob justice". Just like painful forms of corporal punishment, it has parallels in educational and other rather private puni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samnites
The Samnites () were an ancient Italic people who lived in Samnium, which is located in modern inland Abruzzo, Molise, and Campania in south-central Italy. An Oscan-speaking people, who may have originated as an offshoot of the Sabines, they formed a confederation consisting of four tribes: the Hirpini, Caudini, Caraceni, and Pentri. Although allied together against the Gauls in 354 BC, they later became enemies of the Romans and fought them in a series of three wars. Despite an overwhelming victory at the Battle of the Caudine Forks (321 BC), the Samnites were subjugated in 290 BC. Although severely weakened, the Samnites would still side against the Romans, first in the Pyrrhic War and then with Hannibal in the Second Punic War. They also fought in the Social War and later in Sulla's civil war as allies of the Roman consuls Papirius Carbo and Gaius Marius against Sulla, who defeated them and their leader Pontius Telesinus at the Battle of the Colline Gate (82 BC). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caudine Forks
The Battle of Caudine Forks, 321 BC, was a decisive event of the Second Samnite War. Its designation as a battle is a mere historical formality: there was no fighting and there were no casualties. The Romans were trapped in an enclosed valley by the Samnites before they knew what was happening and nothing remained but to negotiate an unfavorable surrender. The action was entirely political, with the magistrates on both sides trying to obtain the best terms for their side without disrespecting common beliefs concerning the rules of war and the conduct of peace. In the end the Samnites decided it would be better for future relations to let the Romans go, while the Romans were impeded in the prosecution of their campaign against the Samnites by considerations of religion and honor. Description According to Livy's account, the Samnite commander, Gaius Pontius, hearing that the Roman army was located near Calatia, sent ten soldiers disguised as herdsmen with orders to give the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
