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Seifert Fiber Spaces
A Seifert fiber space is a 3-manifold together with a decomposition as a disjoint union of circles. In other words, it is a S^1-bundle (circle bundle) over a 2-dimensional orbifold. Many 3-manifolds are Seifert fiber spaces, and they account for all compact oriented manifolds in 6 of the 8 Thurston geometries of the geometrization conjecture. Definition A Seifert manifold is a closed 3-manifold together with a decomposition into a disjoint union of circles (called fibers) such that each fiber has a tubular neighborhood that forms a standard fibered torus. A standard fibered torus corresponding to a pair of coprime integers (a,b) with a>0 is the surface bundle of the automorphism of a disk given by rotation by an angle of 2\pi b/a (with the natural fibering by circles). If a=1 the middle fiber is called ordinary, while if a>1 the middle fiber is called exceptional. A compact Seifert fiber space has only a finite number of exceptional fibers. The set of fibers forms a 2-dimensio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-manifold
In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a space that locally looks like Euclidean 3-dimensional space. A 3-manifold can be thought of as a possible shape of the universe. Just as a sphere looks like a plane to a small enough observer, all 3-manifolds look like our universe does to a small enough observer. This is made more precise in the definition below. Introduction Definition A topological space ''X'' is a 3-manifold if it is a second-countable Hausdorff space and if every point in ''X'' has a neighbourhood that is homeomorphic to Euclidean 3-space. Mathematical theory of 3-manifolds The topological, piecewise-linear, and smooth categories are all equivalent in three dimensions, so little distinction is made in whether we are dealing with say, topological 3-manifolds, or smooth 3-manifolds. Phenomena in three dimensions can be strikingly different from phenomena in other dimensions, and so there is a prevalence of very specialized techniques that do not generalize to dimensions g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homology Sphere
Homology may refer to: Sciences Biology *Homology (biology), any characteristic of biological organisms that is derived from a common ancestor *Sequence homology, biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences *Homologous chromosomes, chromosomes in a biological cell that pair up (synapse) during meiosis *Homologous recombination, genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between molecules of DNA *Homologous desensitization, a receptor decreases its response to a signalling molecule when that agonist is in high concentration *Homology modeling, a method of protein structure prediction Chemistry *Homology (chemistry), the relationship between compounds in a homologous series *Homologous series, a series of organic compounds having different quantities of a repeated unit *Homologous temperature, the temperature of a material as a fraction of its absolute melting point *Homologation reaction, a chemical reaction which produces the next lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transactions Of The American Mathematical Society
The ''Transactions of the American Mathematical Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society. It was established in 1900. As a requirement, all articles must be more than 15 printed pages. See also * ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'' * '' Journal of the American Mathematical Society'' * ''Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society'' * ''Notices of the American Mathematical Society'' * ''Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society'' External links * ''Transactions of the American Mathematical Society''on JSTOR JSTOR (; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library founded in 1995 in New York City. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of j ... American Mathematical Society academic journals Mathematics journals Publications established in 1900 {{math-journal-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Raymond (mathematician)
Frank Raymond (21 August 1903 – 6 March 1978) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League The Victorian Football League (VFL) is an Australian rules football league in Australia serving as one of the second-tier regional semi-professional competitions which sit underneath the fully professional Australian Football League (AFL). It ... (VFL). Raymond later served in the Australian Army during World War II. Notes External links * * 1903 births 1978 deaths Australian rules footballers from Melbourne Fitzroy Football Club players People from Brunswick, Victoria Military personnel from Melbourne Australian Army personnel of World War II {{AFL-bio-1903-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecture Notes In Mathematics
''Lecture Notes in Mathematics'' is a book series in the field of mathematics, including articles related to both research and teaching. It was established in 1964 and was edited by A. Dold, Heidelberg and B. Eckmann, Zürich. Its publisher is Springer Science+Business Media (formerly Springer-Verlag). The intent of the series is to publish not only lecture notes, but results from seminars and conferences, more quickly than the several-years-long process of publishing polished journal papers in mathematics. In order to speed the publication process, early volumes of the series (before electronic publishing) were reproduced photographically from typewritten manuscripts. According to Earl Taft it has been "enormously successful" and "is considered a very valuable service to the mathematical community". there have been 2232 volumes in this series. See also * ''Lecture Notes in Physics'' * ''Lecture Notes in Computer Science ''Lecture Notes in Computer Science'' is a series of com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Orlik
Peter Paul Nikolas Orlik (born 12 November 1938, in Budapest) is an American mathematician, known for his research on topology, algebra, and combinatorics. Orlik earned in 1961 his bachelor's degree from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim and in 1966 his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan under Frank Raymond with thesis ''Necessary conditions for the homeomorphism of Seifert manifolds''. He became in 1966 an assistant professor and in 1973 a full professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Orlik was in the academic year 1971/72 a visiting professor in Oslo. From 1967 to 1969 he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study. Orlik is the author of over 70 publications. He works on Seifert manifolds, singularity theory, braid theory, reflection groups, invariant theory, and hypergeometric integrals. He was, with Louis Solomon and Hiroaki Terao, a pioneer of the theory of arrangements of hyperplanes in complex space. In 2012 he was elected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Threlfall
William Richard Maximilian Hugo Threlfall (25 June 1888, in Dresden – 4 April 1949, in Oberwolfach) was a British-born Germany, German mathematician who worked on algebraic topology. He was a coauthor of the standard textbook Lehrbuch der Topologie. In 1933 he signed the ''Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State''. Publications * *Seifert, Threlfall: ''Lehrbuch der Topologie'', Teubner 1934 *Seifert, Threlfall: ''Variationsrechnung im Großen'', Teubner 1938 See also *Möbius–Kantor graph *Schwarz triangle tessellation References * Gabriele DörflingerWilliam R. M. H. Threlfall * {{DEFAULTSORT:Threlfall, William 1888 births 1949 deaths 20th-century German mathematicians Topologists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acta Mathematica
''Acta Mathematica'' is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering research in all fields of mathematics. According to Cédric Villani, this journal is "considered by many to be the most prestigious of all mathematical research journals".. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.273, ranking it 5th out of 330 journals in the category "Mathematics". Publication history The journal was established by Gösta Mittag-Leffler in 1882 and is published by Institut Mittag-Leffler, a research institute for mathematics belonging to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The journal was printed and distributed by Springer from 2006 to 2016. Since 2017, Acta Mathematica has been published electronically and in print by International Press. Its electronic version is open access without publishing fees. Poincaré episode The journal's "most famous episode" (according to Villani) concerns Henri Poincaré, who won a prize offered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SL2(R)
In mathematics, the special linear group SL(2, R) or SL2(R) is the group of 2 × 2 real matrices with determinant one: : \mbox(2,\mathbf) = \left\. It is a connected non-compact simple real Lie group of dimension 3 with applications in geometry, topology, representation theory, and physics. SL(2, R) acts on the complex upper half-plane by fractional linear transformations. The group action factors through the quotient PSL(2, R) (the 2 × 2 projective special linear group over R). More specifically, :PSL(2, R) = SL(2, R) / , where ''I'' denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix. It contains the modular group PSL(2, Z). Also closely related is the 2-fold covering group, Mp(2, R), a metaplectic group (thinking of SL(2, R) as a symplectic group). Another related group is SL±(2, R), the group of real 2 × 2 matrices with determinant ±1; this is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Y-homeomorphism
In mathematics, the y-homeomorphism, or crosscap slide, is a special type of auto-homeomorphism in non-orientable surfaces. It can be constructed by sliding a Möbius band included on the surface around an essential 1-sided closed curve until the original position; thus it is necessary that the surfaces have genus greater than one. The projective plane ^2 has no y-homeomorphism. See also * Lickorish-Wallace theorem References *J. S. Birman, D. R. J. Chillingworth, ''On the homeotopy group of a non-orientable surface'', Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 247 (1979), 87-124. *D. R. J. Chillingworth, ''A finite set of generators for the homeotopy group of a non-orientable surface'', Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 65 (1969), 409–430. *M. Korkmaz, ''Mapping class group of non-orientable surface'', Geometriae Dedicata 89 (2002), 109–133. *W. B. R. Lickorish William Bernard Raymond Lickorish (born 19 February 1938) is a mathematician. He is emeritus professor of geometric topology in the Depa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehn Twist
In geometric topology, a branch of mathematics, a Dehn twist is a certain type of self-homeomorphism of a surface (two-dimensional manifold). Definition Suppose that ''c'' is a simple closed curve in a closed, orientable surface ''S''. Let ''A'' be a tubular neighborhood of ''c''. Then ''A'' is an annulus, homeomorphic to the Cartesian product of a circle and a unit interval ''I'': :c \subset A \cong S^1 \times I. Give ''A'' coordinates (''s'', ''t'') where ''s'' is a complex number of the form e^ with \theta \in , 2\pi and . Let ''f'' be the map from ''S'' to itself which is the identity outside of ''A'' and inside ''A'' we have :f(s, t) = \left(se^, t\right). Then ''f'' is a Dehn twist about the curve ''c''. Dehn twists can also be defined on a non-orientable surface ''S'', provided one starts with a 2-sided simple closed curve ''c'' on ''S''. Example Consider the torus represented by a fundamental polygon with edges ''a'' and ''b'' :\mathbb^2 \cong \mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
