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Secretaría De Guerra Y Marina
The Mexican Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA; ) is the government department responsible for managing Mexico's Army and Air Forces. Its head is the Secretary of National Defense who, like the co-equal Secretary of the Navy, is directly answerable to the President. Before 1937, the position was called the '' Secretary of War and Navy'' (''Secretaría de Guerra y Marina''). The agency has its headquarters in Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City. " Secretariat of National Defense. Retrieved on February 15, 2011. "Blvd. Manuel Ávila Camacho S/N. Esq. Av. Ind. Mil., Col. Lomas de Sotelo; Deleg. Miguel Hidalgo, D.F. C.P. 11640." Some key figures who answer directly to the Secretary are the Assistant Secretary, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, and all military tribunals. Alongside his role as a cabinet member the Secretary shares, since 2020, the official ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry (government Department)
Ministry or department (also less commonly used secretariat, office, or directorate) are designations used by first-level executive bodies in the machinery of governments that manage a specific sector of public administration." Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона", т. XIX (1896): Мекенен — Мифу-Баня, "Министерства", с. 351—357 :s:ru:ЭСБЕ/Министерства These types of organizations are usually led by a politician who is a member of a cabinet—a body of high-ranking government officials—who may use a title such as minister, secretary, or commissioner, and are typically staffed with members of a non-political civil service, who manage its operations; they may also oversee other government agencies and organizations as part of a political portfolio. Governments may have differing numbers and types of ministries and departments. In some countries, these terms may be used with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agustín Olachea
José Agustín Olachea Avilés (September 3, 1890 – April 13, 1974) was a Mexican general who supported Lázaro Cárdenas for president. During the Cárdenas years he served as Governor of the Federal North Territory of Baja California, having previously filled the same post for Baja California Sur as a member of the social-democratic Institutional Revolutionary Party. This second gubernatorial term came during a period of rising hostility toward the Chinese population in Mexicali. Later, Olachea Avilés acted as Secretary of Defense under Adolfo López Mateos. In 1946, he was re-elected to a second, ten-year term as Governor of Baja California Sur. While still a young captain in the Mexican Armed Forces, Olachea Avilés had married 16-year-old Ana María Borbón Yañez (1898-1982) in Guadalajara, Jalisco, with whom he had children. He was himself, through the paternal line, a second-generation Mexican of Basque descent, and a member of an extensive family still scattered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvador Cienfuegos Zepeda
Salvador Cienfuegos Zepeda (born 14 June 1948) is a retired Mexican Army officer. He served as the Secretary of National Defense in the government of President Enrique Peña Nieto from 2012 to 2018. Early life Cienfuegos was born on 14 June 1948 in Mexico City to a seamstress mother and a father who was a lieutenant colonel in the Mexican Army. His father died of a heart attack when he was two years old. Cienfuegos enrolled at the Williams College in Mixcoac during the second year of his primary schooling. Due to the tuition fees being high, he pursued a federal scholarship which he struggled to maintain due to his average grades. After finishing schooling, Cienfuegos was admitted into the Heroic Military College on 23 January 1964, at the young age of fifteen, due to a special exemption granted to him by the college authorities. He was also enlisted in the Mexican Army at the same time. He graduated from the college in 1967 and became a second lieutenant-in-arms. Milit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felipe Calderón
Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa (; born 18 August 1962) is a Mexican politician and lawyer who served as the 63rd president of Mexico from 2006 to 2012 and Secretary of Energy during the presidency of Vicente Fox between 2003 and 2004. He was a member of the National Action Party (''Partido Acción Nacional'', PAN) for 30 years before quitting the party in November 2018. Calderón held positions as National President of the PAN, Federal Deputy, and Secretary of Energy in Vicente Fox's administration. He served in the previous administration's cabinet before resigning to run for president and receiving his party's candidacy. In the 2006 presidential election, he was the PAN candidate. After a contentious campaign and a controversial electoral procedure, the Federal Electoral Institute's official results gave Calderón the lead (0.6% of total votes). above PRD candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador. While López Obrador and the PRD disputed the results and called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillermo Galván Galván
Guillermo Galván Galván (born January 19, 1943) is a Mexican general. He formerly served as secretary of National Defense for the government of Felipe Calderon. He was succeeded 1 December 2012 by Salvador Cienfuegos Zepeda. He holds a master's degree in security and national defense at the College of National Defense, has obtained a BA in military administration at the School of War and holds a master's degree in electronic engineering from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. Galván served as military and air defense attaché at the Mexican embassy in Madrid, Spain. He served as commander of various military zones in the country, including the fifth zone in the state of Chihuahua, the 30th in Tabasco, the 21st in Tabasco and the 17th in Querétaro. Galván has served as assistant operating staff director, as head of the Center for the Coordination of Air Operations of the National Defense Staff, and head of the Fifth Section of the National Defen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicente Fox
Vicente Fox Quesada (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62nd president of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. After campaigning as a Right-wing populism, right-wing populist, Fox was elected president on the National Action Party (Mexico), National Action Party (PAN) ticket in the 2000 Mexican general election, 2000 election. He became the first president not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1929, and the first elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. Fox won the election with 43 percent of the vote. Considered a social-welfare promoter, along with Julio Frenk Mora formulated, signed and implemented the Seguro Popular who helped circa 55 million independent workers. As president, Fox continued the neoliberal economic policies his predecessors from the PRI had adopted since the 1980s. The first half of his administration saw a further shift of the federal government to the right, strong relations w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerardo Clemente Vega
Gerardo Clemente R. Vega García (28 March 1940 – 22 June 2022) was a Mexican general who served from 2000 to 2006 as Minister of Defense. Biography Vega studied at the Heróico Colegio Militar., he received a bachelor's degree in administration from the ''Escuela Superior de Guerra'' and a master's degree in security and national defense from the ''Colegio de la Defensa Nacional''. He was a professor of the ''Heróico Colegio Militar'' and of the ''Escuela Superior de Guerra'' and served as Director of the ''Colegio de la Defensa Nacional'' and Rector of the ''Universidad del Ejército y la Fuerza Aérea.'' Career and education Vega held different positions in the Mexican army. As Captain he served in the ''13/o Batallón de Infantería'' in Veracruz and in the ''15/o Regimiento de Caballería'' in Guanajuato. As Major he served in Mérida, Villahermosa, Chihuahua and Quintana Roo. He also served as the Mexican military attaché in the former Soviet Union, Polan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce De León
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (; born 27 December 1951) is a Mexican economist and politician. He was the 61st president of Mexico from 1994 to 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted 71-year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Father of Modern Democracy in Mexico, his non-interventionist policy yielded transparent results on the 2000 Mexican general election. During his presidency, he faced one of the worst economic crises in Mexico's history, which started only weeks after taking office. While he distanced himself from his predecessor Carlos Salinas de Gortari, blaming his administration for the crisis, and overseeing the arrest of Salinas' brother Raúl Salinas de Gortari, he continued the neoliberal policies of his two predecessors. His administration was also marked by renewed clashes with the EZLN and the Popular Revolutionary Army; the controversial implementation of Fobaproa to rescue the national banking system; a political ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Salinas De Gortari
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (; born 3 April 1948) is a Mexicans, Mexican economist, historían and former politician who served as the 60th president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994. Considered the frontman of Mexican Neoliberalism by formulating, promoting, signing and implementing the North American Free Trade Agreement. Affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), earlier in his career he worked in the Secretariat of Programming and Budget, eventually becoming Secretary. He secured the party's nomination for the 1988 Mexican general election, 1988 general election and was elected amid widespread accusations of electoral fraud. An economist, Salinas de Gortari was the first Mexican president since 1946 who was not a Law degree, law graduate. His presidency was characterized by the entrenchment of the Neoliberalism, neoliberal, Free market, free trade economic policies initiated by his predecessor Miguel de la Madrid in observance of the Washington Consensus, mass pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel De La Madrid Hurtado
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (; 12 December 1934 – 1 April 2012) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 59th president of Mexico from 1982 to 1988. Inheriting a severe economic and financial crisis from his predecessor José López Portillo as a result of the international drop in oil prices and a crippling external debt on which Mexico had defaulted months before he took office, De la Madrid introduced sweeping neoliberal policies to overcome the crisis, beginning an era of market-oriented presidents in Mexico, along with austerity measures involving deep cuts in public spending. In spite of these reforms, De la Madrid's administration continued to be plagued by negative economic growth and inflation for the rest of his term, while the social effects of the austerity measures were particularly harsh on the lower and middle classes, with real wages falling to half of what they were in 1978 and with a sharp rise in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Arévalo Gardoqui
Juan Arévalo Gardoqui (born in México City, July 23, 1921 – May 4, 2000, Mexico City) served as Mexico's Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico), Secretary of Defense from 1982 to 1988. Family His parents were General Gustavo Arévalo and Magdalena Gardoqui. He had one brother, Gustavo Arévalo Gardoqui, who served as a federal deputy representing Baja California from 1961 to 1964. Juan Arévalo married Maria del Carmen Lamadrid from Ensenada, Baja California and had three children, María Magdalena Arévalo Lamadrid, Juan Arévalo Lamadrid and Laura Lorena Arévalo Lamadrid. He then spent the rest of his life quietly in Mexico City, he had an affection for horses and firearms. His youngest daughter married Eduardo Jose Danielewicz Mata from the Mexican army and anti terrorist forces. Career He began his military career in 1940 when he entered the Heroic Military College, graduating on June 30, 1943 as a 2nd Cavalry Lieutenant. He entered the Higher War College in 1947 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José López Portillo
José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco (; 16 June 1920 – 17 February 2004) was a Mexican writer, lawyer, and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 58th president of Mexico from 1976 to 1982. López Portillo was the only official candidate in the 1976 Mexican general election, 1976 presidential election, being the only president in recent Mexican history to win an election unopposed. Politically, the López Portillo administration began a process of partial Democratization, political openness by passing an electoral reform in 1977 :es:Reforma política-electoral de México de 1977, [es] which loosened the requisites for the registration of political parties (thus providing dissidents from the Left-wing politics, left, many of whom had hitherto been engaged in Mexican Dirty War, armed conflict against the government, with a path to legally participate in national politics) and allowed for greater representation of oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
