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Sea Of The West
The Sea of the West, or ''Mer de l'Ouest'', was a geographic misconception of an inland sea in the Pacific Northwest that appeared on many maps of the 18th century. The depiction was particularly common on French maps. The sea was supposed to be connected to the Pacific Ocean by at least one strait. Many different conjectures about the sea's shape, size, and position appeared on maps of the period. Belief in the sea's existence derived from writings describing two voyages of discovery, one by an Admiral Bartholomew de Fonte, and one by Juan de Fuca. De Fuca's voyage might have happened, but his account is now known to have contained many distortions and confabulations. Admiral de Fonte, on the other hand, is not known to be a historical figure, and the account of his voyage is fiction. Several maps in the early 1700s depicted the sea, but interest and belief in its existence waned until the mid 1700s, when, fairly suddenly, ''Mer de l'Ouest'' reappeared on maps and quickly became co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia River
The Columbia River (Upper Chinook: ' or '; Sahaptin: ''Nch’i-Wàna'' or ''Nchi wana''; Sinixt dialect'' '') is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the U.S. state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific. The Columbia has the 36th greatest discharge of any river in the world. The Columbia and its tributaries have been central to the region's culture and economy for thousands of years. They have been used for transportation since a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Baptiste Bourguignon D'Anville
Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (; born in Paris 11 July 169728 January 1782) was a French geographer and cartographer who greatly improved the standards of map-making. D'Anville became cartographer to the king, who purchased his cartographic materials, the largest collection in France. He made more than 200 maps during his lifetime, which are characterized by a careful, accurate work largely based on original research. In particular, D'Anville left unknown areas of continents blank and noted doubtful information as such, contrary to the lavish maps of his predecessors. His maps remained the reference point in cartography throughout the 19th century and were used by numerous explorers and travellers. Biography Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville was born in Paris on 11 July 1697, in the Kingdom of France. His passion for geographical research displayed itself from early years: at age of twelve he was already amusing himself by drawing maps for Latin authors. Later, his fri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Brion De La Tour
* Louis Brion de la Tour, (circa 1743 – 1803) was an 18th-century French geographer and Demography, demographer. Biography His family may have come from Bordeaux, having found asylum in Alsace when the Edict of Nantes was revoked by the Edict of Fontainebleau in 1685. Generally, authors were careful to differentiate him from the engraver Antoine Brion from Reims, born in 1739. He was perhaps his son.BRUEL (F.-L.). Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1871: Ancien régime, par F.-L. Bruel, B.N., coll. de Vinck, (1970), (p. 312). His official title was « Ingénieur Géographe du Roi » ("King's Engineer Geographer"). Although he was a prolific geographer, very little is known of his life or his career. His life passed in scientific work. However what is known is that an important part of his work was done in collaboration with Louis Charles Desnos (circa 1750–1790), bookseller and geographical engineer for globes and spheres of His Danish Majesty. Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didier Robert De Vaugondy
Didier Robert de Vaugondy (1723, Paris – 1786) was an 18th-century French geographer. The son of Robert de Vaugondy, he was appointed geographer of the King by Louis XV, geographer of the Duke of Lorraine by Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Duke of Lorraine. In 1773, he became royal censor for works related to geography, navigation and travels.Edward Dahl, Jean-Francois Gauvin, ''Sphaerae Mundi…'', ouvrage cité en bibliographie, p. 174. Works ''L’Europe : divisée en ses états, empires, royaumes et républiques'' Delamache, Paris 1767 * Collaboration to the ''Encyclopédie'', Vol 7: Foang – Gythium, Paris 1757. ** Article Fuseau (Geog.)', (p. 385) ** Article Géographie', (p. 608–613) ** Article Globe (Astronom. & Géogr.)', (p. 707–711) See also *Sea of the West Bibliography * Jean-François Gauvin: ''Traditionen des Globenbaus um 1750: die Valks, Didier Robert de Vaugondy und Åkerman im Vergleich'', in: der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Kitchin
Thomas Kitchin (also Kitchen; 1718–1784) was an English engraver and cartographer, who became hydrographer to the king. He was also a writer, who wrote about the history of the West Indies. Life He was born in Southwark, and was apprenticed to Emanuel Bowen in 1732. Originally based in Clerkenwell, by late 1755 Kitchin was established on Holborn Hill. From 1773 Kitchin was royal hydrographer to the king. He married Sarah Bowen, daughter of Emanuel, in 1739, and then Jane, daughter of Joseph Burroughs, in 1762. He died in St Albans on 23 June 1784. Kitchin lived and worked in London until his retirement. Works He produced John Elphinstone's map of Scotland (1746), ''Geographia Scotiae'' (1749), and ''The Small English Atlas'' (1749) with Thomas Jefferys. ''The Large English Atlas'' (with Bowen 1749–60) was a serious attempt to cover England at large scale. In 1755 Kitchin engraved the Mitchell Map of North America. He worked for ''London Magazine''. He produced 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and notation, including the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy and music theory. Euler is held to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all." Carl Friedrich Gauss remarked: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it." Euler is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Mortier
Pieter Mortier, or Pierre Mortier as the publisher of books in French, was the name of three successive generations of booksellers and publishers in the Dutch Republic. Pieter Mortier I (1661–1711) The first Pieter Mortier (Leiden, 1661 – Amsterdam, 1711) was the son of a political refugee from France, and became a mapmaker and engraver. He travelled to Paris in 1681–1685, then returned to Amsterdam where he operated as a bookseller from 1685 until 1711. He won the privilege in 1690 of publishing maps and atlases by French publishers in Amsterdam for the Dutch market. He used this privilege to win a similar set of privileges for printing an "illustrated print bible" in 1700. Also known as "Mortier's Bible" (Dutch: ''Mortierbijbel'' or ''Prentbijbel Mortier''), this book's official name was ''Historie des Ouden en Nieuwen Testaments, verrykt met meer dan vierhonderd printverbeeldingen in koper gesneeden'' ("History of the Old and New Testaments: enriched with more than four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques-Nicolas Bellin
Jacques Nicolas Bellin (1703 – 21 March 1772) was a French hydrographer, geographer, and member of the French intellectual group called the philosophes. Bellin was born in Paris. He was hydrographer of France's hydrographic office, member of the ''Académie de Marine'' and of the Royal Society of London. Over a 50-year career, he produced many maps of particular interest to the ''Ministère de la Marine''. His maps of Canada and of French territories in North America (New France, Acadia, Louisiana) are particularly valuable. He died at Versailles. First ''Ingenieur de la Marine'' In 1721, at age 18, he was appointed hydrographer (chief cartographer) to the French Navy. In August 1741, he became the first ''Ingénieur de la Marine of the Dépot des cartes et plans de la Marine'' (the French Hydrographical Office) and was named Official Hydrographer of the French King. Prodigious work, high standard of excellence During his reign the Depot published a prodigious number of cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emanuel Bowen
Emanuel Bowen (1694 – 8 May 1767) was a Welsh map engraver, who achieved the unique distinction of becoming Royal Mapmaker to both to King George II of Great Britain and Louis XV of France. Bowen was highly regarded by his contemporaries for producing some of the largest, most detailed and most accurate maps of his era. He is known to have worked with most British cartographic figures of the period including John Owen and Herman Moll. Background Bowen was born at Tal-y-Llychau (now Talley), Carmarthenshire, Wales. His father was Owen Bowen, a prominent member of the local gentry (i e. "a distinguished but not noble gentleman"). In 1709, Emanuel Bowen was apprenticed as a merchant tailor to Charles Price. Bowen worked in London from 1714 and was admitted to the Merchant Taylors Livery Company on 3 October 1716. Career One of his earliest engraved works, ''Britannia Depicta'', published in 1720, contained over two hundred road maps together with a miniature county map of eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Baptiste Nolin
Jean-Baptiste Nolin (–1708) was a French cartographer and engraver. Life and career Jean-Baptiste Nolin was born . He trained with the engraver François de Poilly, which caught the attention of the Italian cartographer Vincenzo Coronelli, who invited him to engrave his own maps. In 1694 Nolin was named geographer to the Duke of Orléans ( Philippe II), and in 1701 he was named engraver to the king (Louis XIV). Nolin set up a family publishing house on Rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, which was initially unsuccessful until it was moved nearer to other geographers on Quai de l'Horloge. Many of Nolin's maps were based on previous works by Coronelli and the amateur geographer Jean-Nicholas de Tralage, known as Sieur de Tillemon, who supplied him with most of his material. In 1700, Nolin published ''Le Globe Terreste'', a 125×140 cm world map. He was subsequently accused of plagiarism by Claude Delisle, the father of Guillaume Delisle, another cartographer. Claude accused Nolin of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Jefferys
Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America.''Buckinghamshire in the 1760s and 1820s: The County Maps of Jefferys and Bryant'', Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, 2000, . Information for this article has been taken from the introduction by Paul Laxton. Early work As "Geographer to the Prince of Wales", he produced ''A Plan of all the Houses, destroyed & damaged by the Great Fire, which began in Exchange Alley Cornhill, on Friday March 25, 1748''. He produced ''The Small English Atlas'' with Thomas Kitchin, and he engraved plans of towns in the English Midlands. Maps of North America In 1754, Jefferys published a ''Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia'' which had been surve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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