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Scutiger (toad)
''Scutiger'' is a genus of toads in the family Megophryidae. Common name lazy toads has been coined for them. They occur in China, Burma, Nepal, and northern India in high-altitude habitats. Most are endemic to China. Evolution A 2017 molecular phylogenetic study found that ''Scutiger'' originated in Paleo-Tibet during the Oligocene. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Scutiger'': * '' Scutiger adungensis'' Dubois, 1979 – Adung lazy toad * '' Scutiger bhutanensis'' Delorme and Dubois, 2001 * '' Scutiger boulengeri'' (Bedriaga, 1898) – Boulenger's lazy toad, Xizang alpine toad, Himalayan stream frog * '' Scutiger brevipes'' (Liu, 1950) * '' Scutiger chintingensis'' Liu and Hu, 1960 – Chinting lazy toad, Chinting alpine toad * '' Scutiger ghunsa'' Khatiwada, Shu, Subedi, Wang, Ohler, Cannatella, Xie, and Jiang, 2019 – Ghunsa high altitude toad * '' Scutiger glandulatus'' (Liu, 1950) – Hopachai lazy toad, chest gland cat-eyed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Boulengeri
''Scutiger boulengeri'' (common names: Boulenger's lazy toad, Boulenger's high altitude toad, Himalayan stream frog, and Xizang alpine toad) is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Nepal, India (Sikkim) and western China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, and Tibet). A healthy population has been found at an elevation of in one of the lakes in the Gurudongmar Lake complex in Sikkimese Himalaya. This is one of the highest elevations where amphibians have ever been recorded (''Pleurodema marmoratum'' has been recorded higher at the Andes). Description ''Scutiger boulengeri'' males measure about and females about in snout–vent length. The head is flat, wider than long and with a rounded snout. The eyes are protruding. The Tympanum (anatomy), tympanum is indistinct; the supratympanal fold is present. The Dorsum (anatomy), dorsum is olive or greenish-grey with numerous warts. The ventrum is yellowish. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes have rudimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Ghunsa
''Scutiger ghunsa'' is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to eastern Nepal and only known from its eponymous type locality, Ghunsa, in the Taplejung District. This species is also known as Ghunsa alpine toad and Ghunsa high altitude toad. Its closest relatives are '' Scutiger nepalensis'' and ''Scutiger sikimmensis''. Description Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The head is wider than it is long. The snout is short and rounded. The paratoid glands are large. The canthus rostralis is distinct. No tympanum is visible. The forelimbs are short and robust, while the hindlimbs are long and powerful. The finger and toe tips are rounded. The fingers have no webbing while the toes are weakly webbed. males have nuptial spines on the dorsal surface of the first three fingers. Dorsal skin in males is rough with scattered warts bearing black spines. The flanks bear larger, white warts or granules. Females have smooth skin. The upper parts are li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Spinosus
''Scutiger spinosus'' is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Medog County, Tibet (China) and in Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh (India). Prior to its description in 2016, it was confused with '' Scutiger nyingchiensis''. Common name spiny lazy toad has been coined for it. Description Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The body is slightly compressed and the head is large. The snout is rounded. Tympanum is totally absent, but the supratympanic fold is distinct. The forelimbs are long whereas the hindlimbs are moderately short. The finger and the toe tips are rounded; the toes have rudimentary webbing. Skin is dorsally very rough and largely covered with tubercles, many of them bearing black spines. Ventral skin is mostly smooth. The upper surfaces are dark brownish gray; the flanks are light brown. There is a triangular pattern on the head, and the sides of the head are dark brown. The upper lip is creamy white with irregu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Pingwuensis
''Scutiger pingwuensis'' is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae known commonly as the Pingwu lazy toad and the Pingwu alpine toad.Frost, D. R''Scutiger pingwuensis''.Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6, 2013. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. It is endemic to Pingwu County in Sichuan, China. It lives near villages at about 2200 meters in elevation. Its habitat includes streams bordered by dense shrubs. It lays eggs under rocks in the streams. It is a locally common species, but its range is limited, it is known from only five locations, and its population is believed to be declining. It is threatened by habitat degradation and destruction from agriculture and development as human settlement grows in the area. Phylogenetic analyses of the genus indicate that this toad is sister species In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Occidentalis
''Scutiger occidentalis'' is a species of toad found in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan ( Gilgit Baltistan) and northwestern India (Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh). It has often been treated as a synonym of '' Scutiger nyingchiensis'' (by, e.g., IUCN in 2004), but molecular data show that these species are distinct. It is also known as the Ladakh high altitude toad, Ladakh pelobatid toad, western pelobatid toad, or Asian lazy toad. It is the most western member of its genus. Description A large-sized ''Scutiger'', adult males of ''S. occidentalis'' measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is relatively short. A Gosner stage 25 tadpole measured in snout–vent length and in total length. Habitat and conservation ''S. occidentalis'' inhabits high-mountain regions at elevations between above sea level. A tadpole was found from a 0.5-metre deep pool under a waterfall. As of October 2021, ''S. occidentalis'' has only been included in the IUCN Red List of Threaten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Nyingchiensis
''Scutiger nyingchiensis'' is a species of toad found in the Himalayas of southeastern Tibet (China), northwestern Nepal, and tentatively, Bhutan. There are no confirmed records from India; earlier records refer to ''Scutiger occidentalis'' or ''Scutiger spinosus''. Its type locality is Nyingchi, Tibet. It is also known as the Nyingchi high altitude toad, Nyingchi alpine toad, or Nyingchi lazy toad. Description A medium-sized ''Scutiger'', adult males of ''S. nyingchiensis'' measure and adult females in snout–vent length. Maxillary teeth are present. The toes are webbed. Males lack a vocal sac. Habitat and conservation The altitudinal range of ''Scutiger nyingchiensis'' is above sea level. ''Scutiger nyingchiensis'', in the sense of including ''Scutiger occidentalis'', is an alpine species associated with streams in moist, forested, and grassland habitats in hilly areas. Breeding takes place in low-gradient streams and pools. The eggs are laid under fallen logs or under ston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Ningshanensis
''Scutiger ningshanensis'' is a species of toad in the family Megophryidae known commonly as the Ningshan lazy toad and Ningshan alpine toad.Frost, D. R''Scutiger ningshanensis''.Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6, 2013. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. It is endemic to Ningshan County in Shaanxi, China. It is a poorly known species; only two specimens have been collected, both from one location. The species has been recorded in grass Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns a ...y habitat near forest streams at up to 2550 meters in elevation. It may face threats from small-scale farming in the area. References ningshanensis Amphibians of China Endemic fauna of China Amphibians described in 1985 Taxonomy articles created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Nepalensis
''Scutiger nepalensis'', otherwise known as the Nepal lazy toad,Frank, N., and E. Ramus. 1995. Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of the World. Pottsville, Pennsylvania: N. G. Publishing Inc. is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Nepal, possibly China, and possibly India. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References nepalensis Amphibians of Nepal Endemic fauna of Nepal Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1974 {{Megophryidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Muliensis
''Scutiger muliensis'' is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Sichuan, China, where it is only known from the area of its type locality in Muli county (southwestern Sichuan), altitude asl. Its common name is Muli cat-eyed toad. Description Males measure and females in snout–vent length. Tadpoles grow to in total length. ''Scutiger muliensis'' resembles '' Scutiger mammatus'' but males have black spiny warts on the chest glands that are large, few and scattered, webbing between toes is poorly developed, and there are small warts around the vent and on the ventral side of the thighs and soles. Habitat and conservation This species' natural habitats are low-gradient streams and riparian habitats, mainly shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Mammatus
''Scutiger mammatus'' (common names: Tungsolo lazy toad, chest spiny cat-eyed toad, spiny-chest cat-eyed toad) is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Western China and known from eastern Tibet, southeastern Qinghai, western Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan. Description Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length, although Jiang and colleagues report a much lower range for males, . The head is broad and depressed. The tympanum is small and hidden under skin. The toes are partially webbed. Males have nuptial spines on the first and second fingers, as well as two well-developed chest glands covered by strong spines. No vocal sac is present. The tadpoles are adapted to running water and have elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened bodies and long tails. They grow to a total length of , of which the body makes about one third. Habitat and conservation ''Scutiger mammatus'' lives in small to medium-sized low-gradient streams, seepages, and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Maculatus
''Scutiger maculatus'', the spotted lazy toad or Piebald alpine toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to China where it is known from Garze, northwestern Sichuan and Jiangda, eastern Tibet. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References maculatus Amphibians of China Endemic fauna of China Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1950 Critically endangered fauna of China {{Megophryidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutiger Liupanensis
''Scutiger liupanensis'' is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Liupanshan National Nature Reserve in Jingyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... References liupanensis Amphibians of China Endemic fauna of China Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1985 {{Megophryidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |