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Screen Theory
Screen theory is a Marxist film theory, Marxist–psychoanalytic film theory associated with the British journal Screen (journal), ''Screen'' in the early 1970s. It considers filmic images as signifiers that do not only encode meanings but also mirrors in which viewers accede to subjectivity. The theory attempts to discover a way of theorizing a politics of freedom through cinema that focuses on diversity instead of unity. Here, the Marxist emphasis on universal consciousness as a basis for defining emancipation shifted to the articulation of diversities and multiplicities of individual and collective experience due to the psychoanalytic elaboration of the unconscious. Overview The theoreticians of the "Screen theory" approach—Colin MacCabe, Stephen Heath (film theorist), Stephen Heath and Laura Mulvey—describe the "Apparatus theory, cinematic apparatus" as a version of Althusser, Althusser's ideological state apparatus. According to Screen theory, it is the spectacle that cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist Film Theory
Marxist film theory is an approach to film theory centered on concepts that make a political understanding of the medium possible. An individual studying a Marxist representation in a film, might take special interest in its representations of political hierarchy and social injustices. Overview Sergei Eisenstein and many other Soviet filmmakers in the 1920s expressed ideas of Marxism through film. The Hegelian dialectic was considered best displayed in film editing through the Kuleshov Experiment and the development of montage. While this structuralist approach to Marxism and filmmaking was used, the more outspoken complaint that the Russian filmmakers had, was with the narrative structure of the United States cinema. Eisenstein's solution was to shun narrative structure by eliminating the individual protagonist and tell stories where the action is moved by the group and the story is told through a clash of one image against the next (whether in composition, motion, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychoanalytic Film Theory
Psychoanalytic film theory is a school of academic thought that evokes the concepts of psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. The theory is closely tied to Critical theory, Marxist film theory, and Apparatus theory. The theory is separated into two waves. The first wave occurred in the 1960s and 70s. The second wave became popular in the 1980s and 90s. Precursors At the end of the nineteenth century, psychoanalysis was created, and film happened to follow shortly afterward. André Breton, the founder of the Surrealist movement, saw film as a means of engaging the unconscious. Since films had the ability to tell a story using techniques such as superimposition, and slow motion, the Surrealists saw this as mimicking dreams. Early applications of psychoanalysis to cinema concentrated on unmasking latent meanings behind screen images, before moving on to a consideration of film as a representation of fantasy. From there, a wider consideration of the subject position of the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Screen (journal)
''Screen'' is an academic journal of film and television studies based at the University of Glasgow and published by Oxford University Press. The editors-in-chief are Tim Bergfelder (University of Southampton), Alison Butler (University of Reading), Dimitris Eleftheriotis (University of Glasgow), Karen Lury (University of Glasgow), Alastair Phillips (University of Warwick), Jackie Stacey (University of Manchester), and Sarah Street (University of Bristol). History ''Screen'' originated in the Society of Film Teachers' journal, ''The Film Teacher'', in 1952. Soon after, the society was renamed as the Society for Education in Film and Television and its journal changed its name to ''Screen Education'' in 1960. ''Screen Education'' was renamed to ''Screen'' in 1969, although a separate journal titled ''Screen Education'' was also published. During the 1970s, ''Screen'' was particularly influential in the nascent field of film studies. It published many articles that have become ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colin MacCabe
Colin Myles Joseph MacCabe (born 9 February 1949) is an English academic, writer and film producer. He is currently a distinguished professor of English and film at the University of Pittsburgh.Debrett's Retrieved 13 May 2012. Career MacCabe was educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing, and , where he took his first degree and doctorate entitled ''James Joyce and the Revolution of the Word'' (which was subsequently revised and published in 1978). This book was the subject of ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Heath (film Theorist)
Stephen David Heath (born 7 July 1967) is an English former first-class cricketer. Heath was born at Bristol in July 1967. He was educated at King Edward's School in Birmingham, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University Cricket Club from 1986 to 1988, making ten appearances. Playing as a middle order batsman in the Cambridge side, Heath scored 170 runs at an average of 11.33, with his highest score being 33 not out In cricket, a batsman is not out if they come out to bat in an innings and have not been dismissed by the end of an innings. The batsman is also ''not out'' while their innings is still in progress. Occurrence At least one batter is not out at .... References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Heath, Stephen 1970 births Living people Cricketers from Bristol People educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge English cricketers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laura Mulvey
Laura Mulvey (born 15 August 1941) is a British feminist film theorist and filmmaker. She was educated at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She is currently professor of film and media studies at Birkbeck, University of London. She previously taught at Bulmershe College, the London College of Printing, the University of East Anglia, and the British Film Institute. During the 2008–09 academic year, Mulvey was the Mary Cornille Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Humanities at Wellesley College. Mulvey has been awarded three honorary degrees: in 2006 a Doctor of Letters from the University of East Anglia; in 2009 a Doctor of Law from Concordia University; and in 2012 a Bloomsday Doctor of Literature from University College Dublin. Film theory Mulvey is best known for her essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema", written in 1973 and published in 1975 in the influential British film theory journal '' Screen''. It later appeared in a collection of her essays entitled ''Visua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apparatus Theory
Apparatus theory, derived in part from Marxist film theory, semiotics, and psychoanalysis, was a dominant theory within cinema studies during the 1970s, following the 1960s when psychoanalytical theories for film were popular. Overview Apparatus theory maintains that cinema is by nature ideological because its mechanics of representation are ideological, and because the films are created to represent reality. Its mechanics of representation include the camera and editing Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written language, written, Image editing, visual, Audio engineer, audible, or Film editing, cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing p .... The central position of the spectator within the perspective of the composition is also ideological. In the simplest instance the cinematic apparatus purports to set before the eye and ear realistic images and sounds. However, the technology disguises how that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Althusser
Louis Pierre Althusser (, ; ; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher who studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy. Althusser was a long-time member and sometimes a strong critic of the French Communist Party. His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism. These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the cult of personality and of ideology. Althusser is commonly referred to as a structural Marxist, although his relationship to other schools of French structuralism is not a simple affiliation and he was critical of many aspects of structuralism. He later described himself as a social anarchist. Althusser's life was marked by periods of intense mental illness. In 1980, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ideological State Apparatus
"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation)" ( French: "Idéologie et appareils idéologiques d'État (Notes pour une recherche)") is an essay by the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser. First published in 1970, it advances Althusser's conception and critique of ideology. Where Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels posited a thinly-sketched theory of ideology as a system of falsehoods serving the ruling class , Althusser draws upon the works of later theorists such as Antonio Gramsci, Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan to proffer a more elaborate redefinition of the theory. Althusser's theory of ideology has remained influential since it was written. Reproduction of the relations of production Althusser begins the essay by reiterating the Marxist theory that in order to exist, a social formation is required to essentially, continuously and perpetually reproduce the productive forces (labour power and means of production), the conditions of production ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-structuralism
Post-structuralism is a philosophical movement that questions the objectivity or stability of the various interpretive structures that are posited by structuralism and considers them to be constituted by broader systems of Power (social and political), power. Although different post-structuralists present different critiques of structuralism, common themes include the rejection of the self-sufficiency of structuralism, as well as an interrogation of the binary oppositions that constitute its structures. Accordingly, post-structuralism discards the idea of interpreting media (or the world) within pre-established, socially constructed structures.José Guilherme Merquior, Merquior, José G. 1987. ''Foucault'', (Fontana Modern Masters series). University of California Press. . ''Structuralism'' proposes that human culture can be understood by means of a Structural linguistics, structure that is modeled on language. As a result, there is concrete reality on the one hand, abstract idea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Lacan
Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (, ; ; 13 April 1901 – 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. Described as "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Sigmund Freud, Freud", Lacan gave The Seminars of Jacques Lacan, yearly seminars in Paris, from 1953 to 1981, and published papers that were later collected in the book ''Écrits''. Transcriptions of his seminars, given between 1954 and 1976, were also published. His work made a significant impact on continental philosophy and cultural theory in areas such as post-structuralism, critical theory, feminist theory and film theory, as well as on the practice of psychoanalysis itself. Lacan took up and discussed the whole range of Freudian concepts, emphasizing the philosophical dimension of Freud's thought and applying concepts derived from structuralism in linguistics and anthropology to its development in his own work, which he would further augment by employing formulae from predicate logic and Topological s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |