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Scottish Reform Act 1832
The Scottish Reform Act 1832 was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the election laws of Scotland. The act was passed at approximately the same time as the Reform Act 1832, which applied to England and Wales. The chief architects of the Act were Francis Jeffrey and Henry Cockburn. It was subsequently given the official short title of the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832. Prior to the Act, Scotland's electorate was only 0.2% of the population compared to 4% in England. The Scottish electorate overnight soared from 5,000 to 65,000, or 13% of the adult men, and was no longer a private preserve for a few very rich families. The Act did not substantially change the method in which the Scottish counties elected members of Parliament. As a general rule the counties each continued to elect one member. However, before the Act six small counties elected an MP only in alternate Parliaments. This arrangement was ended, but a different solution was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, (18 August 1792 – 28 May 1878), known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a British Whig and Liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1852 and again from 1865 to 1866. The third son of the 6th Duke of Bedford, Russell was educated at Westminster School and Edinburgh University before entering Parliament in 1813. In 1828 he took a leading role in the repeal of the Test Acts which discriminated against Catholics and Protestant dissenters. He was one of the principal architects of the Reform Act 1832, which was the first major reform of Parliament since the Restoration, and a significant early step on the road to democracy and away from rule by the aristocracy and landed gentry. He favoured expanding the right to vote to the middle classes and enfranchising Britain's growing industrial towns and cities but he never advocated universal suffrage and he opposed the secret ballot. Russe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elginshire And Nairnshire (UK Parliament Constituency)
Elginshire and Nairnshire was a county constituency in Scotland. From 1832 to 1918, it returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system. Boundaries The constituency was created in 1832 by the Scottish Reform Act 1832 by a merger of two former constituencies: Elginshire and Nairnshire. It extended to the counties of Elginshire and Nairnshire, with the exception of the burghs of Elgin, Nairn and Forres which were instead part of Inverness Burghs and Elgin Burghs. It was replaced in 1918 by the new Moray and Nairn constituency, which included all of Elginshire and Nairnshire, including the burghs of Elgin, Nairn and Forres. Members of Parliament Politics and history of the constituency Prior to the 1832 Reform Act, Nairnshire was normally controlled by the Dukes of Argyll or Campbells, the number of voters varying between 15 and 30. The Grants dominated Elginshire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Law In The United Kingdom
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive and judiciary, and for regional and local government. This process is also used in many other private and business organisations, from clubs to voluntary associations and corporations. The global use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens, where the elections were considered an oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition, also known as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot. Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Parliament Of The United Kingdom Concerning Scotland
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. It gives an account of the ministry and activity of Christ's apostles in Jerusalem and other regions, after Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 90–110. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1832 In Scotland
Events from the year 1832 in Scotland. Incumbents Law officers * Lord Advocate – Francis Jeffrey * Solicitor General for Scotland – Henry Cockburn Judiciary * Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Granton * Lord Justice General – The Duke of Montrose * Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle Events * 21 January – The Marquis of Lothian's Waggonway is opened. * 4 June – the Scottish Reform Act, reforming the Scottish Westminster constituencies and enlarging the electorate from 5,000 to 60,000, is passed in Parliament contemporaneously with similar legislation for other constituents of the U.K., becoming law from 17 July. On 11 August around 50,000 gather on the Links in Edinburgh to celebrate the event. * 2 June – passengers are first carried over the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway, between St Leonards and North Esk by horse-drawn carriage. * 16 July – "The Bad Day": 31 sixareens (the traditional fishing craft of Shetland) are lost in a storm with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faggot Voter
A faggot voter or faggot was a person who qualified to vote in an election with a restricted suffrage only by the exploitation of loopholes in the regulations. Typically, faggot voters satisfied a property qualification by holding the title to a subdivision of a large property with a single beneficial owner. Faggot voting was a common electoral abuse in the United Kingdom until the electoral reforms of the late 19th century. Etymology The word ''faggot'' originally meant a piece or bundle of gathered firewood. It was later applied to civilians added to a military muster roll purely to make up the numbers rather than to serve as soldiers. The extension from muster rolls to electoral rolls is attested from 1817. Practices In the Unreformed House of Commons, and for decades after the Reform Act 1832, voting in a geographical constituency was restricted to those with an "interest" (i.e. property) in the constituency, generally in the form of real estate. If a landowner subdivided a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Ballot
The secret ballot, also known as the Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying. This system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy. Secret ballots are used in conjunction with various voting systems. The most basic form of a secret ballot utilizes blank pieces of paper upon which each voter writes their choice. Without revealing the votes to anyone, the voter folds the ballot paper in half and places it in a sealed box. This box is later emptied for counting. An aspect of secret voting is the provision of a voting booth to enable the voter to write on the ballot paper without others being able to see what is being written. Today, printed ballot papers are usually provided, with the names of the candidates or questions and respective check boxes. Provisions are made at the polling place for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
District Of Burghs
The Act of Union 1707 and pre-Union Scottish legislation provided for 14 Members of Parliament (MPs) from Scotland to be elected from districts of burghs. All the parliamentary burghs ( burghs represented in the pre-Union Parliament of Scotland) were assigned to a district, except for Edinburgh which had an MP to itself. The burghs in a district were not necessarily adjacent or even close together. Until 1832 the Council of each burgh in a district elected a commissioner, who had one vote for the MP. The commissioner from the Returning Burgh (which function rotated amongst the burghs in successive elections) had an additional casting vote if the numbers were equal. The Scottish Reform Act 1832 amended the composition of the districts, and the boundaries of a burgh for parliamentary purposes ceased to be necessarily those of the burgh for other purposes. The franchise was extended, and votes from all the burghs were added together. There were further changes to the number and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perth (UK Parliament Constituency)
Perth was a United Kingdom constituencies, constituency of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1918, 1918 to 1950, and 1997 to 2005. From 1832 to 1918 it was a burgh constituency. From 1918 to 1950, and 1997 to 2005, it was a county constituency. During each of the three periods it elected one Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (MP). Boundaries Boundaries 1832 to 1918 As created by the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832, and first used in the 1832 United Kingdom general election, 1832 general election, the constituency included the burgh of Perth, Perthshire, Perth and was one of two constituencies covering the county of Perth. The other was the Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency), Perthshire constituency (except that five detached parishes of the county were within the Clackmannanshire and Kinross-shire (UK Parliament constituency), Clackmannanshire and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paisley (UK Parliament Constituency)
Paisley was a United Kingdom constituencies, parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1983, when it was divided into Paisley North (UK Parliament constituency), Paisley North and Paisley South (UK Parliament constituency), Paisley South. These two constituencies were in turn amalgamated into Paisley and Renfrewshire South (UK Parliament constituency), Paisley and Renfrewshire South and Paisley and Renfrewshire North (UK Parliament constituency), Paisley and Renfrewshire North in 2005. Boundaries The constituency covered the burgh of Paisley, Renfrewshire, Paisley. The boundaries of the constituency, as set out in the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832, were- :"From the Summit of Byres Hill, on the North-east of the Town, in a straight Line to the Point near Knock Hill at which the Renfrew Road is joined by a Road from Glasgow; thence in a str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenock (UK Parliament Constituency)
Greenock was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1974, when it was abolished and its area was merged into the new Greenock and Port Glasgow constituency. Boundaries The boundaries of the constituency, as set out in the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832, were- :"From the Point, on the West of the Town, at which the Shore of the Firth of Clyde is met by the March between the Parishes of Greenock and Innerkip, up the said March to that Point thereof which is nearest to the Southern Point of the Ridge of Bow Hill; thence in a straight Line to the said Point on Bow Hill; thence in a straight Line to the Southern End of the Upper East Reservoir for supplying Greenock with Water; thence in a straight Line, in the Direction of the highest projecting Point of Knocknair Hill, to the Point near Woodhead Quarry, at which such straight Line cuts the Easternmost of the Two Rivulets which form the La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dundee (UK Parliament Constituency)
Dundee was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1950, when it was split into Dundee East and Dundee West. From 1832 to 1868 it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system, and from 1868 until its abolition for the 1950 general election it elected two MPs using the bloc vote system. Politics and history of the constituency Winston Churchill became Member of Parliament for Dundee in a by-election of 1908 soon after losing his Manchester North West seat and retained the seat until 1922. In 1906, the explorer Ernest Shackleton unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the Liberal Unionist Party. From its creation in 1832 the seat did not return a Conservative member until 1931 when Florence Horsbrugh was elected. Originally a Liberal stronghold, the seat was one of the first in Scotland to return a Labour candidate, Alexander Wilkie, who was elected in 1906. At the 1918 general e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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