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Scottish Labour Party (1888–1893)
The Scottish Labour Party (SLP), also known as the Scottish Parliamentary Labour Party, was formed by Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, the first socialist MP in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, who later went on to become the first president of the Scottish National Party, and Keir Hardie, who later became the first leader of the Independent Labour Party and the Labour Party. The initial spur for the party's foundation was Hardie's unsuccessful independent Labour candidature in the 1888 Mid Lanarkshire by-election. He had tried and failed to gain Liberal Party support for his candidature, and the experience convinced many of his fellow miners of the need for an independent party representing the interests of labour. The cause also appealed to some radicals, and his movement gained the support of the Dundee Radical Association. Like many of the party's initial members, Hardie had previously been involved in the Scottish Land Restoration League. A preliminary meeting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunninghame Graham
Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham (24 May 1852 – 20 March 1936) was a Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP); the first ever socialist member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; a founder, and the first president, of the Scottish Labour Party; a founder of the National Party of Scotland in 1928; and the first president of the Scottish National Party in 1934. Youth Cunninghame Graham was the eldest son of Major William Bontine of the Renfrew Militia and formerly a Cornet in the Scots Greys with whom he served in Ireland. His mother was the Hon. Anne Elizabeth Elphinstone-Fleeming, daughter of Admiral Charles Elphinstone-Fleeming of Cumbernauld and a Spanish noblewoman, Doña Catalina Paulina Alessandro de Jiménez, who reputedly, along with her second husband, Admiral James Katon, heavily influenced Cunninghame Graham's upbringing. Thus the first language Cunninghame Graham learned was his mother's maternal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Smillie
Robert Smillie (17 March 1857 – 16 February 1940) was a Scottish trade unionist and Labour Party politician. He was a leader of the coal miners, and played a central role in moving support from the miners away from the Liberal Party to the Labour Party. He had a firm commitment to socialism as an ideal, and militancy as a tactic. Early life Born in Belfast, the second son of John Smillie, a Scottish crofter. Until his adult years, he spelt his name as "Smellie"; including on his wedding certificate in 1878. During his early years, he was orphaned and brought up by his grandmother who taught him how to read and write. By the age of nine, he was working as an errand boy and by the age of eleven, he was working at a spinning mill. He was able to obtain some books by authors such as Charles Dickens, Robert Burns and William Shakespeare, but his education suffered as he had to provide income for the family. By the age of fifteen, he had left Ireland for Glasgow, where he found em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Hyde Champion
Henry Hyde Champion (22 January 1859 – 30 April 1928) was a socialist journalist and activist, regarded as one of the leading spirits behind the formation of the Independent Labour Party. Up to 1893, he lived and worked in Great Britain, moving after that date to Australia. Biography Early life Champion was born in Poona, India on 22 January 1859, the son of Major-General James Hyde Champion, and his wife Henrietta Susan, ''née'' Urquhart, of aristocratic Scottish descent. Henry was sent to England at four years of age to attend a day school and from 13 was educated at Marlborough College, later he attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He entered the army and fought with the artillery in the Afghan War of 1879. There he caught typhoid and was sent back to England. A radical friend showed Champion the London East End slums; his friend also accompanied Champion to the United States where Champion was influenced by the writings of Henry George. Socialist in England Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dundee (UK Parliament Constituency)
Dundee was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1950, when it was split into Dundee East and Dundee West. From 1832 to 1868 it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system, and from 1868 until its abolition for the 1950 general election it elected two MPs using the bloc vote system. Politics and history of the constituency Winston Churchill became Member of Parliament for Dundee in a by-election of 1908 soon after losing his Manchester North West seat and retained the seat until 1922. In 1906, the explorer Ernest Shackleton unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the Liberal Unionist Party. From its creation in 1832 the seat did not return a Conservative member until 1931 when Florence Horsbrugh was elected. Originally a Liberal stronghold, the seat was one of the first in Scotland to return a Labour candidate, Alexander Wilkie, who was elected in 1906. At the 1918 general e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James MacDonald (trade Unionist)
James MacDonald (1857 – 21 May 1938) was a British trade unionist. Born in Edinburgh, MacDonald trained as a tailor and moved to London in 1881. He joined the Central Marylebone Democratic Association and the Manhood Suffrage League, but it was reading Friedrich Engels' articles in the ''Labour Standard'' that convinced him of socialism. As a result, he joined the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), but left in 1885 to join the Socialist Union. However, he rejoined the SDF in 1887. In 1888, MacDonald worked with Lewis Lyons to unite both East End and West End tailors, which became the Amalgamated Society of Tailors. He then founded a newspaper, ''Journeyman'', and joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). In 1891, MacDonald was elected to the executive of the London Trades Council, and in 1896 he became its secretary, a post he held until 1913. Despite being based in London, he twice stood for Parliament in Dundee as an ILP candidate, failing to win a seat. He also s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glasgow Tradeston (UK Parliament Constituency)
Glasgow Tradeston was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1955. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system. Boundaries The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 provided that the constituency was to consist of the fifteenth and sixteenth Municipal Wards. In 1918 the constituency consisted of "That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the centre of Glasgow Bridge at the centre line of the River Clyde, thence southward along the centre line of Glasgow Bridge, Bridge Street and Eglinton Street to the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Railway at Eglinton Street Station, thence westward along the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Railway ( Paisley Canal Line) to the centre line of Shields Road, thence northwards along the centre line of Shields Road to the centre line of the Caledonian Railway, thence westward al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialism
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the economic, political and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be state/public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favouring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach. Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change. Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Augustus Vansittart Conybeare
Charles Augustus Vansittart Conybeare (1 June 1853 – 18 February 1919) was an English barrister and a radical Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1895. Background Conybeare was born at Kew, London, the son of John Conybeare, a wealthy barrister, and Katherine Vansittart. He was educated at Tonbridge School and Christ Church, Oxford where he won the Lothian Prize with a study on ''The Place of Iceland in the History of European Institutions''. He was assistant master at Manchester Grammar School from 1877 to 1878 and was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1881. He married Florence Annie Strauss, the daughter of a Bohemian glass merchant, on 15 October 1896, at the Theistic Church in Piccadilly, London. She was an active member of the Women's Suffragette Movement. The couple began their married life in a spacious apartment at 3 Carlyle Gardens, Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London. Charles Conybeare owned or leased ''Tregullow House'', a country pile in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavin Brown Clark
Dr Gavin Brown Clark (1846 – 5 July 1930) was the MP for Caithness from 1885 to 1900. He was educated at the University of Glasgow, the University of Edinburgh and King's College London, graduating in medicine. An active campaigner for social reform issues against an official Liberal candidate, he joined the Crofters Party parliamentary group and gave general support to the Liberal Party, while in opposition. He was re-elected as the official Liberal candidate in 1886, 1892 and 1895. Spending the time in opposition he spoke in the Commons in favour of measures to ameliorate poverty. Crofters were hard-bitten in the far north of Scotland by the clearances, unemployment, and low wages. He was the Honorary Secretary of the Transvaal Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name Transvaal. * South African Republic (1856–1902; af, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glasgow Camlachie (UK Parliament Constituency)
Glasgow Camlachie was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 United Kingdom general election, 1885 until 1955 United Kingdom general election, 1955. It elected one Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system. Boundaries The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 provided that the constituency was to consist of the second Municipal Ward, and so much of the third Municipal Ward as lies south of a line drawn along the centre of Duke Street, Glasgow, Duke Street. In 1918 the constituency consisted of "That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boundary on the south-east side of Cumbernauld Road where that road is intersected by the east side of the Caledonian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence southward along the municipal boundary to a point about 299 yards north-westwar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1892 United Kingdom General Election
The 1892 United Kingdom general election was held from 4 to 26 July 1892. It saw the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury again win the greatest number of seats, but no longer a majority as William Ewart Gladstone's Liberals won 80 more seats than in the 1886 general election. The Liberal Unionists who had previously supported the Conservative government saw their vote and seat numbers go down. Despite being split between Parnellite and anti-Parnellite factions, the Irish Nationalist vote held up well. As the Liberals did not have a majority on their own, Salisbury refused to resign on hearing the election results and waited to be defeated in a vote of no confidence on 11 August. Gladstone formed a minority government dependent on Irish Nationalist support. The Liberals had engaged in failed attempts at reunification between 1886 and 1887. Gladstone however was able to retain control of much of the Liberal party machinery, particularly the National Liberal Federation. Gladst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanarkshire (UK Parliament Constituency)
Lanarkshire was a Scottish county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1708 to 1868. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system. Creation The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland shire constituency of Lanarkshire. Boundaries The constituency covered the whole of the Scottish county of Lanarkshire, apart from the Lanark Burghs. History The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until it was abolished for the 1868 general election. In 1868 the constituency was replaced by the new constituencies of North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire gd, Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas , image_skyline = , image_flag = , image_shield = Arms_slanarkshire.jpg , image_blank_emblem = Slanarks.jpg , bla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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