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Schulze Method Example1 AD
Schulze is a German surname, from the medieval office of Schulze, or village official. Notable people with the surname include: * Andrew Schulze (1896–1982), clergyman and civil rights activist * William August Schulze, rocket scientist recruited in 1945 by Operation Paperclip * Edmund Schulze (1824–1878), German organ builder, or four previous generations of his family in the same profession * Ernst Schulze (1789–1817), German poet * Ernst Schulze (chemist) (1840-1912), German biochemist and grandson of Gottlob Ernst Schulze * Horst Schulze, founder of The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company * Frank Schulze (born 1970), German footballer * Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch (1808–1883), German economist * Franz Eilhard Schulze (1840–1921), German anatomist and zoologist * Friedrich August Schulze (1770–1849), German novelist * Gottlob Ernst Schulze (1761–1833), German professor and philosopher * Hans-Joachim Schulze (born 1934), German Bach scholar *Harro Schulze-Boysen (1909- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schultheiß
In medieval Germany, the ''Schultheiß'' () was the head of a municipality (akin to today's office of mayor), a ''Vogt'' or an executive official of the ruler. As official (''villicus'') it was his duty to order his assigned village or county (''villicatio'') to pay the taxes and perform the services due to the ruler. The name originates from this function: ''Schuld'' 'debt' + ''heißen'' 'to order'. Later, the title was also used for the head of a town (''Stadtschultheiß'') or village (''Dorfschultheiß''). The office held by a ''Schultheiß'' was called ''Scholtisei'', ''Scholtisse'' (around 1400), ''Schultessy'', ''Schultissīe'', ''Schultissei'' (15th century); Latinized forms: sculdasia (10th century), scultetia (13th century). The title first appears in the ''Edictum Rothari'' of 643 AD, where it is spelled in post-Roman Latin as ''sculdahis''. This title reappears again in the Lombard laws of Liutprand in 723 AD. The title was originally spelled in Old High German as ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harro Schulze-Boysen
Heinz Harro Max Wilhelm Georg Schulze-Boysen (; Schulze, 2 September 1909 – 22 December 1942) was a left-wing German publicist and Luftwaffe officer during World War II. As a young man, Schulze-Boysen grew up in prosperous family with two siblings, with an extended family who were aristocrats. After spending his early schooling at the Heinrich-von-Kleist Gymnasium and his summers in Sweden, he part completed a political science course at the University of Freiburg, before moving to Berlin on November 1929, to study law at the Humboldt University of Berlin. At Humboldt he became an anti-nazi. After a visit to France in 1931, he moved to the political left. When he returned, he became a publicist on the "Der Gegner" (English: "The Opponent"), a left-leaning political magazine. In May 1932, he took control of the magazine, renamed as the "Gegner" (English: "opponent") but it was closed by the Gestapo in February 1933. In May 1933, Schulze-Boysen trained as a pilot and started work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Müller-Schulze Gambit
The Halloween Gambit (also known as the Müller–Schulze Gambit or Leipzig Gambit) is an aggressive chess opening gambit in which White sacrifices a knight early on for a single pawn. The opening is an offshoot of the normally staid Four Knights Game and is defined by the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Nc3 Nf6 :4. Nxe5?! The theoretician Oskar Cordel reported in 1888 that Leipzig club players used the opening to dangerous effect, but he did not believe it was . Their name for it, ''Gambit Müller und Schulze'', was not after any players by those names, but rather a jocular German equivalent of " Smith and Jones" or " Tom, Dick, and Harry". The modern name "Halloween Gambit" was given by the German player Steffen Jakob, who explained that "Many players are shocked, the way they would be frightened by a Halloween mask, when they are mentally prepared for a boring Four Knight's, and then they are faced with Nxe5." White's objective is to seize the with pawns and drive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schulze STV
Schulze STV is a draft single transferable vote (STV) ranked voting system designed to achieve proportional representation.Markus SchulzeFree Riding and Vote Management under Proportional Representation by Single Transferable Vote/ref> It was invented by Markus Schulze, who developed the Schulze method for resolving ties using a Condorcet method. Schulze STV is similar to CPO-STV in that it compares possible winning candidate pairs and selects the Condorcet winner. It is not used in parliamentary elections. The system is based on Schulze's investigations into vote management and free riding.Markus SchulzeFree Riding ''Voting matters'', issue 18, pages 2–8, June 2004 When a voter prefers a popular candidate, there is a strategic advantage to first choosing a candidate who is unlikely to win (Woodall free riding) or omitting his preferred candidate from his rankings (Hylland free riding). According to Schulze, vote management is party coordination of free riding. Although Schul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schulze Method
The Schulze method () is an electoral system developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze that selects a single winner using votes that express preferences. The method can also be used to create a sorted list of winners. The Schulze method is also known as Schwartz Sequential dropping (SSD), cloneproof Schwartz sequential dropping (CSSD), the beatpath method, beatpath winner, path voting, and path winner. The Schulze method is a Condorcet method, which means that if there is a candidate who is preferred by a majority over every other candidate in pairwise comparisons, then this candidate will be the winner when the Schulze method is applied. The output of the Schulze method gives an ordering of candidates. Therefore, if several positions are available, the method can be used for this purpose without modification, by letting the ''k'' top-ranked candidates win the ''k'' available seats. Furthermore, for proportional representation elections, a single transferable vote (STV) variant known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willibald Schulze
Willibald Schulze was a German writer who belonged to the Nazi Party. Work Willibald Schulze praised Pierre-Joseph Proudhon as the Wegweiser, or signpost, of the Third Reich because Proudhon rejected revolutionary socialism, interest capital and parliamentarianism. He asserted that Proudhon's ideas were closer to National Socialism. Writings of Schulze *Ottomar Beta: ''Der Schlüssel zu Goethe's "Faust": (Old Iniquity)''. Edited by Willibald Schulze, Leipzig 1924. *''"Nicht Eigentum, sondern Besitz!"'', in Hammer. ''Blätter für Deutschen Sinn'', Vol. XXX, 699/700, August 1931, p. 202-205. *''"Proudhon"'', in Hammer. ''Blätter für deutschen Sinn'', Vol. XXX, 93/694, Mai 1931, p. 113-120. *''"Volkswirtschaft ohne Geld?"'', in Hammer. ''Blätter für deutschen Sinn'', Vol. XXX, 701/702, September 1931, p. 229-231. *''Der Weltsinn der Technik.'' Leipzig: Armanen-Verl., 1935. *''"War Proudhon Anarchist?"'', ''Deutschlands Erneuerung'', XXIII, (1939), p. 14 - 21 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Schulze (other)
Richard Schulze may refer to: * Richard Schulze-Kossens Richard Schulze-Kossens (2 October 1914 – 3 July 1988, born "Richard Schulze") was a Nazi Party member and SS commander during the Nazi era. Before and during World War II, he served as a personal adjutant to foreign minister Joachim von Ri ... (1914–1988), German Waffen-SS officer during World War II * Richard Allen Schulze (1928-2001) a founder of the American Conservatory of Music (Hammond, Indiana & Belize) * Richard M. Schulze (born 1941), American businessman, founder of Best Buy * Richard T. Schulze (born 1929), American politician, member of the U.S. Congress representing Pennsylvania {{hndis, Schulze, Richard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Schulze (zoologist)
Paul Schulze was "the most important German tick taxonomist of the early 20th century."Trevor N. Petney, Miriam P. Pfäffle & Jasmin D. Skuballa. 2017. An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Germany. ''Systematic & Applied Acarology'' 17(2): 115–170; https://biotaxa.org/saa/article/view/saa.17.2.2, last accessed 26 Jun 2019. Between 1929 and 1937, he described 19 genera, 17 subgenera, 150 species and 150 subspecies of ixodid ticks.Alberto A. Guglielmone, Trevor N. Petney, Mariano Mastropaolo, and Richard G. Robbins. 2017. Genera, subgenera, species and subspecies of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) described, named, renamed or given new rank by Paul Schulze (1887–1949) and their current status. ''Zootaxa'', Vol. 4325, No. 1 (29 Sept. 2017), https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4325.1.1; DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4325.1.1, last accessed 24 Jun 2019.Jane B. Walker, James E. Keirans, Ivan G. Horak. 2000. ''The Genus ''Rhipicephalus'' (Acari, lx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lara Schulze
Lara Schulze (born 21 May 2002) is a German chess Woman International Master (WIM, 2021) who German Women's Chess Championship (2022). Biography At the age of eight, Schulze learned to play chess with ''SK Lehrte''. In the Chess Women's Bundesliga Season 2013/14 she played for the first time. In the years that followed, she became German chess champion and European chess champion several times in her respective age group. At the FIDE Online Chess Olympiad 2020 and the FIDE Online Chess Olympiad 2021 Schulze played for the German national chess team. Together with Elisabeth Pähtz and Josefine Heinemann she runs the Twitch channel ''Women's Chess Experts''. In 2021 Schulze switched to SV Werder Bremen and is coached there by Jonathan Carlstedt and Dmitrij Kollars. She is the only woman part of the Bremen squad for the Chess Bundesliga Season 2021/22. Schulze did his Abitur at the Gymnasium Lehrte in 2021. She lives in Hanover. Achievements * 2014: German Chess Champion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaus-Peter Schulze
Klaus-Peter Schulze (born 3 July 1954) is a German politician. Born in Döbern, Brandenburg, he represents the CDU. Klaus-Peter Schulze has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Brandenburg from 2013 to October 2021. Life He became member of the bundestag after the 2013 German federal election. He is a member of the Committee on Tourism and the Committee on Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. In January 2021, Schulze announced, that he will not be start in 2021 German federal election Federal elections in Germany, Federal elections were held in Germany on 26 September 2021 to elect the members of the List of members of the 20th Bundestag, 20th Bundestag. States of Germany, State elections in 2021 Berlin state election, Berli .... References External links * Bundestag biography 1954 births Living people Members of the Bundestag for Brandenburg Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaus Schulze
Klaus Schulze (4 August 1947 – 26 April 2022) was a German electronic music pioneer, composer and musician. He also used the alias Richard Wahnfried and was a member of the Krautrock bands Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, and The Cosmic Jokers before launching a solo career consisting of more than 60 albums released across six decades. Early life Schulze was born in Berlin in 1947. His father was a writer and his mother a ballet dancer. After graduating from high school, he delivered telegrams and studied German at the Technical University of Berlin. He and his wife Elfie had two sons, Maximilian and Richard. Career 1970s In 1969, Schulze was the drummer of one of the early incarnations of Tangerine Dream - one of the most famous bands that got the nickname "Krautrock" in English speaking countries (others included Kraftwerk and Popul Vuh) - for their debut album ''Electronic Meditation''. Before 1969 he was a drummer in a band called Psy Free. He met Edgar Froese from Tan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Andrew Shulze
John Andrew Shulze (July 19, 1775November 18, 1852) was a Pennsylvania political leader and the sixth governor of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Muhlenberg Family, Muhlenberg family political dynasty. Early life and education Shulze was born in Tulpehocken Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, Tulpehocken Township in the Province of Pennsylvania. He was the son of Eve Elizabeth (Muhlenberg) and the Reverend Christopher Emmanuel Shulze. Shulze was the grandson of Henry Muhlenberg and the nephew of brothers Peter Muhlenberg and Frederick Muhlenberg, who were leading politicians. Shulze grew up in the Pennsylvania Dutch community speaking their German language, German dialect, and for his entire life would speak English language, English with a noticeable accent. Shulze studied at Franklin and Marshall College, Franklin College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and was ordained a minister in the Lutheran church in 1796. He left the ministry due to poor health in 1802 and became a me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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