|
Schildgroschen (Hesse)
The Hessian ''Schildgroschen'' (''Hessische Schildgroschen'') was a coin of the ''groschen'' type, based on the Meissen-Saxon ''Schildgroschen'', one of the late medieval, ''Groschen'' period coins that was very similar to the Meissen ''Schildgroschen''. It was also called the Kronichte ''Groschen'' ("crowned ''groschen''") and ''Zweischildgroschen'' ("double ''Schildgroschen''"). History Louis the Peaceful of Hesse (1413–1458), brother-in-law of Saxon Elector, Frederick the Gentle (1428–1464), as the first Landgrave of Hesse had the ''Schildgroschen'' minted with the Hessian lion based on the model of the Meissen ''Schildgroschen''. Louis joined the Saxon coin reform in November 1436 and also had high-quality ''groschen'' minted that were valued at 20 to the Rhenish Gulden. The large lion shield on his first ''groschen'' corresponds to the '' Schildiger Groschen'' of Frederick the Meek with the difference that a small crown can be seen above the large shield. The ''Sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meissen Schildgroschen
Meissen (in German orthography: ''Meißen'', ) is a town of approximately 30,000 about northwest of Dresden on both banks of the Elbe river in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrechtsburg castle, the Gothic Meissen Cathedral and the Meissen Frauenkirche. The ''Große Kreisstadt'' is the capital of the Meissen district. Names * german: Meißen * french: Meissen, ou, selon l'orthographe allemande: ''Meißen''; en français suranné: ''Misnie'' * la, Misnia, Misena, Misnensium * pl, Miśnia * cs, Míšeň * hsb, Mišno * dsb, Mišnjo * zh, 迈森 (pinyin: ) History Meissen is sometimes known as the "cradle of Saxony". It grew out of the early West Slavic settlement of ''Misni'' inhabited by Glomatians and was founded as a German town by King Henry the Fowler in 929. In 968, the Diocese of Meissen was founded, and Meissen became the episcopal see of a bishop. The Catholic bishopric was suppressed in 1581 after t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groschen
Groschen (; from la, grossus "thick", via Old Czech ') a (sometimes colloquial) name for various coins, especially a silver coin used in various states of the Holy Roman Empire and other parts of Europe. The word is borrowed from the late Latin description of a tornose, a ''grossus denarius Turnosus,'' in English the "thick denarius of Tours". Groschen was frequently abbreviated in old documents to ''gl'', whereby the second letter was not an '' l'' (12th letter of the alphabet), but an abbreviation symbol; later it was written as ''Gr'' or ''g''. Names and etymology The name was introduced in 13th-century France as ', lit. "thick penny", whence Old French ', Italian ', Middle High German ', Low German and Dutch ' and English '' groat''. In the 14th century, it appeared as Old Czech ', whence Modern German '. Names in other modern European languages include: * sq, grosh * Church Slavonic-derived languages: Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian and Serbo-Croatian ('), Ukrain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pfahlschildgroschen
The history of Saxon coinage or Meissen-Saxon coinage comprises three major periods: the High Middle Ages, high medieval regional pfennig, regional pfennig period (bracteate period), the late Middle Ages, late medieval pfennig period and the thaler period, which ended with the introduction of the Mark (1871), mark in 1871/72. Rich silver deposits, which were discovered near Freiberg after the middle of the 12th century, helped Saxony to a leading position in German coinage. The Saxon pfennigs (''Sachsenpfennige'') minted in eastern Saxony are also included, as described in Walther Haupt's ''Sächsischer Münzkunde'' ("Saxon Coinage"). They were minted on the basis of the Carolingian coinage, Carolingian monetary reform, on which the oldest Margraviate of Meissen, Meissen coinage is based. The different names of these pfennig types indicate a still unclear position within medieval numismatics. ''Hochrandpfennig'' (''Sachsenpfennig'') The 10th and 11th century pfennig type kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis II Of Hesse
Louis II of Hesse (german: Ludwig) (7 September 1438 – 8 November 1471), called Louis the Frank, was the Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1458 - 1471. He was the son of Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse and Anna of Saxony. He married Mechthild, daughter of Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg-Urach in 1454. Their children were: * Anna 455-1459* Elisabeth (died young) * William I, Landgrave of Hesse (1466–1515) * William II, Landgrave of Hesse (1469–1509) He also had seven (known) illegitimate children by his mistress, Margarethe von Holzheim (born about 1443 - died after 1515): * Anna of Hesse (born about 1460, married Heinz Missener, 23 May 1484) * Margarethe of Hesse (born about 1460, died 1524, married Heinrich Furster, mayor of Marburg, 5 February 1486) * Johannes of Hesse (born about 1460, murdered 11 March 1531, married Gertrude ______) * Wilhelm of Hesse (born about 1470, died 1550 in Melsungen) * Luckel Lambrechts (born before 1471), a nun at the convent of Ahnaberg in Kas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quatrefoil
A quatrefoil (anciently caterfoil) is a decorative element consisting of a symmetrical shape which forms the overall outline of four partially overlapping circles of the same diameter. It is found in art, architecture, heraldry and traditional Christian symbolism. The word 'quatrefoil' means "four leaves", from the Latin , "four", plus , "leaf"; the term refers specifically to a four-leafed clover, but applies in general to four-lobed shapes in various contexts. In recent years, several luxury brands have attempted to fraudulently assert creative rights related to the symbol, which naturally predates any of those brands' creative development. A similar shape with three rings is called a trefoil. History The quatrefoil enjoyed its peak popularity during the Gothic and Renaissance eras. It is most commonly found as tracery, mainly in Gothic architecture, where a quatrefoil often may be seen at the top of a Gothic arch, sometimes filled with stained glass. Although the design is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhenish Gulden
The Rhenish ''gulden'' or Rhenish ''guilder'' (german: Rheinischer Gulden; la, florenus Rheni) was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries. They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (). History The Rhenish gold ''gulden'' was created when the electors of Cologne, Trier and Mainz were rewarded for their support in the election of Charles IV with a right to mint gold coins (), a right derived from the Golden Bull. Trier was given the privilege on 25 November 1346, Cologne on 26 November 1346 and Mainz on 22 January 1354. The Rhenish ''gulden'' or ''florin'' began in 1354 as a copy of the Florentine ''florin'' (weight th a Cologne Mark of gold, 23 karats fine, or 3.43 g fine gold). However, by the early 15th century it has lost most of its gold content. In 1419 it was th a Cologne Mark of gold, 19 karats fine; hence 2.76 g fine gold. As a result of the widespread minting of gold ''guldens'' by the electors of Cologne, Mainz, Trier and the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landgraviate Of Hesse
The Landgraviate of Hesse (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen) was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a single entity from 1264 to 1567, when it was divided among the sons of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. History In the early Middle Ages the territory of Hessengau, named after the Germanic Chatti tribes, formed the northern part of the German stem duchy of Franconia, along with the adjacent Lahngau. Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors. After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Sophia of Brabant secured the Hessian possessions for her minor son Henry the Child. In 1264 he became the first Landgrave of Hesse and the founder of the House of Hesse. The remaining Thuringian landgraviate fell to the Wettin's Henry III, Margrave of Meissen. Henry I of Hesse was raised to the status o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin
A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. ''Obverse'' and its opposite, ''reverse'', refer to the two flat faces of coins and medals. In this usage, ''obverse'' means the front face of the object and ''reverse'' means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse ''tails''. Coins are usually made of metal or an alloy, or sometimes of man-made materials. They are usually disc shaped. Coins, made of valuable metal, are stored in large quantities as bullion coins. Other coins are used as money in everyday transactions, circulating alongside banknotes. Usually the highest va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick II, Elector Of Saxony
Frederick II, The Gentle (''Friedrich, der Sanftmütige''; Frederick the Gentle) (22 August 1412 – 7 September 1464) was Elector of Saxony (1428–1464) and was Landgrave of Thuringia (1440–1445). Biography Frederick was born in Leipzig, the eldest of the seven children of Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, and Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg. After the death of his father in 1428 he took over the government together with his younger brothers William III, Henry and Sigismund. In 1433 the Wettins finally concluded peace with the Hussites and in 1438 Frederick led Saxon forces to victory in the Battle of Sellnitz. That same year it was considered the first federal state parliament of Saxony. The parliament received the right to find together in case of innovations in fiscal matters also without summoning by the ruler. Also in 1438 it was decided that Frederick, and not his rival Bernard IV, duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, was entitled to exercise the Saxon electoral vote at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis I Of Hesse
Louis I of Hesse (german: Ludwig) (6 February 1402 - 17 January 1458), called "the Peaceful", was Landgrave of Lower Hesse (Hesse) from 1413 to 1458. He was born at Spangenberg, the son of Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse and Margaret, the daughter of Frederick V of Nuremberg. He married Anna (5 June 1420 - 17 September 1462) daughter of Frederick I, Elector of Saxony on 13 September 1436. Their children were: * Louis II (7 September 1438 - 8 November 1471) * Henry III (15 October 1440 - 13 January 1483) * Hermann IV, Archbishop of Cologne (1450 - 19 October 1508) *Elisabeth (14 December 1453 - 22 April 1489), married John III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg *Friedrich (1458- 1 June 1463) *Berthold Reinemann (1438) - Illegitimate son of Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse (https://gedbas.genealogy.net/person/show/1282276047) After 1425 a conflict with the Electorate of Mainz The Electorate of Mainz (german: Kurfürstentum Mainz or ', la, Electoratus Moguntinus), previously known in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
