|
Scandinavian Braille
Scandinavian Braille is a braille alphabet used, with differences in orthography and punctuation, for the languages of the mainland Nordic countries: Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Finnish. In a generally reduced form it is used for Greenlandic. Scandinavian Braille is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of some of the accented letters, and optional use of the others to transcribe foreign languages. Alphabet The braille letters for the French print vowels ''â, œ, ä'' are used for the print vowels ''å, ö/ø, ä/æ'' of the Scandinavian alphabets. Each language uses the letters that exists in its inkprint alphabet. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are: : Greenlandic Braille uses a subset of these letters, ''a e f g i j k l m n o p q r s t u v'', though the rest of the Scandinavian alphabet is available when needed. For foreign accented letters, French Braille assignments are used. Numbers Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish Language
Danish (; , ) is a North Germanic language spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark. Communities of Danish speakers are also found in Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the northern German region of Southern Schleswig, where it has minority language status. Minor Danish-speaking communities are also found in Norway, Sweden, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples who lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the ''East Norse'' dialect group, while the Middle Norwegian language (before the influence of Danish) and Norwegian Bokmål are classified as ''West Norse'' along with Faroese and Icelandic. A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as "mainland (or ''continental'') Scandinavian", while I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nordic Countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; literal translation, lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden; the autonomous administrative division, autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland; and the autonomous region of Åland. The Nordic countries have much in common in their way of life, History of Scandinavia, history, religion and Nordic model, social structure. They have a long history of political unions and other close relations but do not form a singular entity today. The Scandinavism, Scandinavist movement sought to unite Denmark, Norway and Sweden into one country in the 19th century. With the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden (Norwegian independence), the independence of Finland in the early 20th century and the 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum, this move ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Sami Braille
Northern Sami Braille is the braille alphabet of the Northern Sami language. It was developed in the 1980s based on the Scandinavian Braille alphabet but with the addition of seven new letters (á, č, đ, ŋ, š, ŧ, ž) required for writing in Northern Sámi. Chart Northern Sami Braille uses ( French ''à'') for ''á'', dot 6 is added to ''c'' and ''d'' for ''č'' and ''đ'', while the other accented letters are the mirror-images in braille of the base form in print. : Punctuation is the same as in Norwegian Braille Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway *Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including the .... References {{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets Northern Sámi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icelandic Braille
Icelandic Braille is the braille alphabet of the Icelandic language. Alphabet The letter assignment is the same as in the Scandinavian Braille with the addition of certain Icelandic letters, there is even more overlap with the Faroese Braille. The base alphabet is the same as in French Braille. Note that ''c'', ''q'', ''w'', and ''z'' are not used in Modern Icelandic, but are included so that foreign proper names can still be spelt. Punctuation UNESCO (2013) reports that is both the mark of capitalization and the ellipsis The ellipsis (, also known informally as dot dot dot) is a series of dots that indicates an intentional omission of a word, sentence, or whole section from a text without altering its original meaning. The plural is ellipses. The term origin .... However, as they have wrong info about which letters mean which in the alphabet in regard to the Nordic countries, this information is not to be trusted. References Icelandic Braille(in Icelandic) {{Ice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faroese Braille
Faroese Braille is the braille alphabet of the Faroese language. It has the same basic letter assignments as the Scandinavian Braille and is quite similar to the Icelandic Braille Icelandic Braille is the braille alphabet of the Icelandic language. Alphabet The letter assignment is the same as in the Scandinavian Braille with the addition of certain Icelandic letters, there is even more overlap with the Faroese Braille. T .... All base letters are as in International Braille (meaning the French Braille alphabet, as that was the first one created). The letters are also the same as the other Nordic Braille alphabets, just as they are in the normal printed Nordic alphabets. For example, å/á, ö/ø and ä/æ are the same letters not only in Braille between, say, Faroese and Swedish Braille, but also recognized as the same characters between, for example, ink-printed Norwegian and Swedish (it is merely a stylistic choice in which language uses which). That is to say, all letter a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Braille
Estonian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Estonian language.UNESCO (2013World Braille Usage, 3rd edition. (thanks, VanIsaac) Alphabet Estonian Braille uses the international (read French) norms for the letters ''ä ö ü''. ''Š'' and ''ž'' are mirror-images of ''s'' and ''z'', a strategy found in other alphabets. ''Õ'' is the mirror-image of ''ä'', as the mirror-image of ''o'' is used for ''ö''. : When ''c q w x y'' are used in foreign names, they have their normal values of . Punctuation Punctuation is nearly identical to that of Finnish Braille Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland * Finnish language Finnish ( endonym: or ) is a Uralic language of the Finnic bra .... Formatting References {{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets Estonian language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Braille
English Braille, also known as ''Grade 2 Braille'', is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Braille letters, such as , correspond to more than one letter in print. There are three levels of complexity in English Braille. Grade 1 is a nearly one-to-one transcription of printed English and is restricted to basic literacy. Grade 2, which is nearly universal beyond basic literacy materials, abandons one-to-one transcription in many places (such as the letter ) and adds hundreds of abbreviations and contractions. Both Grade 1 and Grade 2 have been standardized. "Grade 3" is any of various personal shorthands that are almost never found in publications. Most of this article describes the 1994 American edition of Grade 2 Braille, which is largely equivalent to British Grade 2 Braille. Some of the differences with Unified English Braille, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille
Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displays that connect to computers and smartphone devices. Braille can be written using a slate and stylus, a braille writer, an electronic braille notetaker or with the use of a computer connected to a braille embosser. Braille is named after its creator, Louis Braille, a Frenchman who lost his sight as a result of a childhood accident. In 1824, at the age of fifteen, he developed the braille code based on the French alphabet as an improvement on night writing. He published his system, which subsequently included musical notation, in 1829. The second revision, published in 1837, was the first Binary numeral system, binary form of writing developed in the modern era. Braille characters are formed using a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Language
Norwegian ( no, norsk, links=no ) is a North Germanic language spoken mainly in Norway, where it is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Today there are two official forms of ''written'' Norwegian, (literally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Alphabet
The Swedish alphabet ( sv, Svenska alfabetet) is a basic element of the Latin writing system used for the Swedish language. The 29 letters of this alphabet are the modern 26-letter basic Latin alphabet (A through Z) plus Å, Ä, and Ö, in that order. It contains 20 consonants and 9 vowels (a e i o u y å ä ö). The Latin alphabet was brought to Sweden along with the Christianization of the population, although runes continued in use throughout the first centuries of Christianity, even for ecclesiastic purposes, despite their traditional relation to the Old Norse religion. The runes underwent partial "latinization" in the Middle Ages, when the Latin alphabet was completely accepted as the Swedish script system, but runes still occurred, especially in the countryside, until the 18th century, and were used decoratively until mid 19th century. Popular literacy is thought to have been higher (nearly universal) with the simplified Younger Futhark runes, than in the first centuries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish And Norwegian Alphabet
The Danish and Norwegian alphabets, together called the Dano-Norwegian alphabet, is the set of symbols, forming a variant of the Latin alphabet, used for writing the Danish and Norwegian languages. It has consisted of the following 29 letters since 1917 (Norwegian) and 1948 (Danish): The letters ''c'', ''q'', ''w'', ''x'' and ''z'' are not used in the spelling of indigenous words. They are rarely used in Norwegian, where loan words routinely have their orthography adapted to the native sound system. Conversely, Danish has a greater tendency to preserve loan words' original spellings. In particular, a ''c'' that represents is almost never normalized to ''s'' in Danish, as would most often happen in Norwegian. Many words originally derived from Latin roots retain ''c'' in their Danish spelling, for example Norwegian ''sentrum'' vs Danish ''centrum''. The "foreign" letters also sometimes appear in the spelling of otherwise-indigenous family names. For example, many of the Danish f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
