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Scaglia (mammal)
''Scaglia'' is an extinct genus of South American astrapotherid land mammal that lived during the Eocene (Casamayoran to Divisaderan in the SALMA classification). Etymology The genus was named after Argentinian naturalist Galileo Juan Scaglia, and the type species after Argentinian palaeontologist Lucas Kraglievich. Description Its type specimen, recovered from the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina, is MMCNT-MdP 207. Like ''Albertogaudrya'', ''Scaglia'' was the size of a sheep or a small tapir, hence among the larger mammals in South America at that time. Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ... according to Bond ''et'' al., 2011, standing out the phylogenetic position of ''Scaglia'': References Bibliography * * Further rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope Carbon-13, 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope Carbon-12, 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Popigai impact structure, Siberia and in what is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica. The earliest recorded human prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene Mammals Of South America
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meridiungulata
South American native ungulates, commonly abbreviated as SANUs, are extinct ungulate-like mammals of controversial affinities that were indigenous to South America prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange. They comprise five major groups conventionally ranked as orders—Astrapotheria, Litopterna, Notoungulata, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata—as well as some other taxa, such as Didolodontidae and Kollpaniidae. It has been proposed that some or all of the members of this group form a clade, named Meridiungulata, though the relationships of South American ungulates remain largely unresolved. The two largest groups of South American ungulates, the notoungulates and the litopterns, were the only groups to persist beyond the mid Miocene. Only a few of the largest species of notoungulates and litopterns survived until the end-Pleistocene extinctions. Though most SANUs lived in South America, astrapotheres and litopterns are known from Eocene aged deposits in the Antarctic Peninsu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granastrapotherium
''Granastrapotherium'' is an extinct genus of ungulate mammals, described from remains found in rocks of the Honda Group in the Tatacoa Desert, in the Colombian departments of Huila and Tolima, at the Miocene fossil site La Venta. The only species formally recognized is ''Granastrapotherium snorki'' (from Spanish, ''gran'', "great"; ''Astrapotherium'', "lightning beast"; and snorkel, breathing tube, in reference to the trunk). Remains found in Bolivia and Peru, seem to belong to ''Granastrapotherium'' or a very similar animal. Description This astrapothere differs from its coeval, the uruguaytheriine astrapotheriid ''Xenastrapotherium'' by their larger size, between 3 and 4 tonnes, with tusks about one meter long, making it one of the largest representatives of Astrapotheria, only surpassed by some species of ''Parastrapotherium''. Other differences include the presence of only one premolar, the lack of incisors in both jaws and the disposition of the canine tooth, which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrapotherium
''Astrapotherium'' ("lightning beast") is an extinct genus of South American mammals that vaguely resembled a small elephant or large tapir. However, it was unrelated to elephants or tapirs, but was instead related to other extinct South American ungulates. Fossils have been dated from the Early to Middle Miocene. Fossil remains of the type species ''A. magnus'' have been found in the Santa Cruz Formation in Argentina. Other fossils have been found in the Deseado, Sarmiento, and Aisol Formations of Argentina and Chile (Cura-Mallín Group).''Astrapotherium'' at .org Description [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parastrapotherium
''Parastrapotherium'' is an extinct genus of South American land mammal that existed from the Late Oligocene (Deseadan SALMA) to the Early Miocene (Colhuehuapian SALMA). The genus includes some of the largest and smallest known astrapotherian, but at present no generally recognized description can adequately characterize it. Description The genus was first described by . He distinguished it from the Santacrucian (late Early Miocene) ''Astrapotherium'' () based on the greater number of upper and lower molars. Although later researchers disagreed and concluded that Ameghino based his conclusion on very fragmentary materials, they mostly agreed to distinguish the genus from other groups of astrapotherians. Species The following species have been recognised: * ''Parastrapotherium cingulatum'' * ''Parastrapotherium ephebicum'' * ''Parastrapotherium holmbergi'' * ''Parastrapotherium lemoinei'' * ''Parastrapotherium trouessarti'' Distribution Fossils of ''Parastrapother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maddenia (mammal)
''Maddenia'' is an extinct genus of astrapothere, meridiungulate herbivore mammals characterised by its large tusks and the development of proboscis, endemic of South America. This genus was discovered in an outcrop near to the Lake Colhué Huapi in the place La Cantera, in the Chubut Province, in Argentina, in sediments corresponding to the Sarmiento Formation, that dates of the Late Oligocene (Deseadan South American land mammal age).''Maddenia'' at .org [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraponotus
''Astraponotus'' is an extinct genus of astrapotheriids. It lived during the Middle-Late Eocene (in the Mustersan and Tinguirirican of the South American land mammal ages (SALMA), 48-33.9 million years ago) and its fossil remains have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina, South America.''Astraponotus'' at .org Description Unlike most astrapotheres, ''Astraponotus'' was equipped with an unusually high, short, narrow skull. The nasal bones were quite withdrawn, which suggests the presence of a short proboscis. Other unusual features of ''Astraponotus'' includes the extreme reduction of the |
Antarctodon
''Antarctodon'' is an extinct genus of mammals from the Early Eocene (late Ypresian age). It is a basal astrapotherian which lived in what is now Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, at that moment still connected to South America where most of the astrapotherians were found. The holotype and only specimen MLP 08-XI-30-1, an isolated right p4 or m1, was found in the Telm 5 Member of the La Meseta Formation in West Antarctica.''Antarctodon'' at .org It was first named by Mariano Bond, Alejandro Kramarz, Ross D. E. MacPhee and Marcelo Reguero in |
Tetragonostylops
''Tetragonostylops'' is an extinct genus of mammal, related to Astrapotheria. It lived during the Late Paleocene, and its fossils were discovered in South America. Description This genus is only known from incomplete remains, notably a well-preserved mandible and a fragmentary skull. Like other astrapotheres, ''Tetragonostylops'' may have had a strong elongated body, and a long, flat skull. The skull was 20 centimeters long, and the entire body was supposedly one meter long. Its mandible was strong, and endowed with an elongated cylindrical symphysis. The mandibular condyle was elevated, and the coronoid process was high, but lower than in its relative ''Trigonostylops''. The shape of their molars was different, with ''Tetragonostylops'' having more squared molars (hence his name, ''Tetragon-'' meaning "four corners"), and had an infraorbital canal, which does not appear in ''Trigonostylops''. The molars were brachyodont, like those of ''Trigonostylops'', and the canines were st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trigonostylops
''Trigonostylops'' is an extinct genus of South American meridiungulatan ungulate, from the Late Paleocene to Late Eocene (Itaboraian to Tinguirirican in the SALMA classification) of South America (Argentina and Peru) and Antarctica (Seymour Island). It is the only member of the family Trigonostylopidae. Description A complete skull of the type species, ''T. wortmani'', has been found, and it has been classified as an astrapothere based on its large lower incisors. Phylogeny Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo Pareja ''et al''., 2015, showing the position of ''Trigonostylops'':Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015 Distribution Fossils of ''Trigonostylops'' have been found in:''Trigonostylops'' at |
