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Scab Disease
Scab may refer to: Biology * Scab, a hard coating on the skin formed during the wound healing reconstruction phase * scAb, single-chain antibody fragment Infections and infestations * Apple scab, an apple tree (genus ''Malus'') fungal disease caused by ''Venturia inaequalis'' * Black scab, a potato fungal disease caused by ''Synchytrium endobioticum'' * Common scab, a plant bacterial disease caused by ''Streptomyces'' species * Fusarium head blight, a fungal disease of plants, e.g., grain crops (especially wheat and oats), golf course grass, caused by the several species of ''Fusarium'' * Pear scab, a pear fungal disease caused by ''Venturia pirina'' or ''Fusicladium pyrorum'' * Poinsettia scab, a spot anthracnose disease caused by '' Sphaceloma poinsettiae'' * Powdery scab, a disease of the skin of potatoes caused by the protozoa ''Spongospora subterranea'' * Sheep scab, a skin disease of sheep caused by the mite ''Psoroptes ovis'' Labor * Scab, a pejorative term for a strikeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wound Healing
Wound healing refers to a living organism's replacement of destroyed or damaged tissue by newly produced tissue. In undamaged skin, the epidermis (surface, epithelial layer) and dermis (deeper, connective layer) form a protective barrier against the external environment. When the barrier is broken, a regulated sequence of biochemical events is set into motion to repair the damage. This process is divided into predictable phases: blood clotting (hemostasis), inflammation, tissue growth ( cell proliferation), and tissue remodeling (maturation and cell differentiation). Blood clotting may be considered to be part of the inflammation stage instead of a separate stage. The wound healing process is not only complex but fragile, and it is susceptible to interruption or failure leading to the formation of non-healing chronic wounds. Factors that contribute to non-healing chronic wounds are diabetes, venous or arterial disease, infection, and metabolic deficiencies of old age.Enoch, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen. Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can ''tag'' a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. In contrast, the remainder of the antibody is relatively constant. It only occurs in a few varia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple Scab
Apple scab is a common disease of plants in the rose family ( Rosaceae) that is caused by the ascomycete fungus ''Venturia inaequalis''. While this disease affects several plant genera, including ''Sorbus, Cotoneaster,'' and '' Pyrus'', it is most commonly associated with the infection of ''Malus'' trees, including species of flowering crabapple, as well as cultivated apple. The first symptoms of this disease are found in the foliage, blossoms, and developing fruits of affected trees, which develop dark, irregularly-shaped lesions upon infection. Although apple scab rarely kills its host, infection typically leads to fruit deformation and premature leaf and fruit drop, which enhance the susceptibility of the host plant to abiotic stress and secondary infection.Jha, G., Thakur, K., & Thakur, P. (2009). The ''Venturia'' Apple Pathosystem: Pathogenicity Mechanisms and Plant Defense Responses. ''Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology'', 2009. doi:10.1155/2009/680160 The reduction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Potato Diseases
This is a list of diseases and disorders found in potatoes. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Protistan diseases Viral and viroid diseases Nematode parasitic Phytoplasmal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society External links * {{cite web, last1=Sparks, first1=Adam, last2=Kennelly, first2=Megan, title=Common Scab of Potato, url=http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/21718/KSUL0009KSREEPPUBSEP148a.pdf, publisher=Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, accessdate=2018-01-06, date=May 2008 Potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ... * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Scab
Common scab is a plant disease of root and tuber crops caused by a small number of '' Streptomyces'' species, specifically '' S. scabies'', '' S. acidiscabies'', '' S. turgidiscabies'' and others. Common scab mainly affects potato (''Solanum tuberosum''), but can also cause disease on radish (''Raphanus sativus''), parsnip (''Pastinaca sativa''), beet (''Beta vulgaris''), and carrot (''Daucus carota''). This plant disease is found wherever these vegetables are grown. Common scab symptoms are variable and can range from surface russeting to deep pits in root and tuber vegetables. This disease does not usually affect yields, but it can greatly reduce quality of the harvested vegetables and make them unsuitable for sale. Root and tuber vegetables are susceptible to infection by ''Streptomyces'' species as soon as the root or tuber forms, but, because this disease only affects root and tubers, the symptoms are not usually noted until harvest. Dry soils increase disease ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Head Blight
Fusarium ear blight (FEB) (also called Fusarium head blight, FHB, or scab), is a fungal disease of cereals, including wheat, barley, oats, rye and triticale. FEB is caused by a range of ''Fusarium'' fungi, which infects the heads of the crop, reducing grain yield. The disease is often associated with contamination by mycotoxins produced by the fungi already when the crop is growing in the field. The disease can cause severe economic losses as mycotoxin-contaminated grain cannot be sold for food or feed. Causal organism Fusarium ear blight is caused by several species of ''Fusarium'' fungi, belonging to the Ascomycota. The most common species causing FEB are: * ''Fusarium avenaceum'' (teleomorph: ''Gibberella avenacea'') * ''Fusarium culmorum'' * ''Fusarium graminearum'' (teleomorph: ''Gibberella zeae'') * ''Fusarium poae'' * '' Microdochium nivale'' (teleomorph: ''Monographella nivalis'', formerly ''Fusarium nivale'') ''Fusarium graminearum'' is considered the most important causal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Pear Diseases
The following is a list of diseases of pears (''Pyrus communis''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Nematodes, parasitic Viruslike diseases ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{pyrus Pear Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the po ... * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaceloma Poinsettiae
''Sphaceloma poinsettiae'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes poinsettia scab, which is a spot anthracnose disease. References External links USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases Myriangiales Fungi described in 1942 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powdery Scab
Powdery scab is a disease of potato tubers. It is caused by the cercozoan ''Spongospora subterranea'' f. sp. ''subterranea'' and is widespread in potato growing countries. Symptoms of powdery scab include small lesions in the early stages of the disease, progressing to raised pustules containing a powdery mass. These can eventually rupture within the tuber periderm.Maldonado, M. Loreto Hernandez, Richard E. Falloon, Ruth C. Butler, Anthony J. Conner, and Simon R. Bulman. "''Resistance to Spongospora Subterranea Induced in Potato by the Elicitor β-aminobutyric Acid.''" Australasian Plant Pathol. Australasian Plant Pathology 44.4 (2015): 445-53. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. The powdery pustules contain resting spores that release anisokont zoospores (asexual spore with two unequal length flagella) to infect the root hairs of potatoes or tomatoes. Powdery scab is a cosmetic defect on tubers, which can result in the rejection of these potatoes. Potatoes which have been infected can be peeled t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheep Scab
''Psoroptes'' is a genus of mites, including the agents that cause psoroptic mange. Psoroptic mange ''Psoroptes'' mites are responsible for causing psoroptic mange in various animals, leading to economic losses among farmers of cattle, sheep and goats. It is also known as sheep scab and cattle scab. The disease is highly infectious, and is transmitted via fenceposts and other structures that livestock use when scratching themselves. The mites have mouthparts which do not pierce the skin, but are adapted to feeding on the surface, where the mites abrade the stratum corneum The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis. The human stratum corneum comprises several levels of flattened corneocytes that are divided into two layers: the ''stratum disjunctum'' and ''stratum compact .... See Mites of livestock for photographs of infestations by ''Psoroptes''. Taxonomy ''Psoroptes'' has been traditionally considered to include five specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strikebreaker
A strikebreaker (sometimes called a scab, blackleg, or knobstick) is a person who works despite a strike. Strikebreakers are usually individuals who were not employed by the company before the trade union dispute but hired after or during the strike to keep the organization running. Strikebreakers may also refer to workers (union members or not) who cross picket lines to work. The use of strikebreakers is a worldwide phenomenon; many countries have passed laws outlawing their use to give more power to unionized workers. , strikebreakers were used far more frequently in the United States than in other industrialized countries. International law The right to strike is not expressly mentioned in any convention of the International Labour Organization (ILO) the ILO's Freedom of Association Committee established principles on the right to strike through rulings. Among human rights treaties, only the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights contains a clau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Coast Air Basin
The South Coast Air Basin—SCAB (or SoCAB) is one of several regional air basin areas designated by the state of California, for the purpose of air quality management and air pollution control in Southern California. The SCAB district was created in 1969. and includes all of Orange County and the non-desert regions of Los Angeles County, Riverside County, and San Bernardino County. The region covers approximately 17100 km2 and includes much of the Greater Los Angeles Area, which is home to approximately 18 million people. South Coast Air Quality Management District—AQMD Initially, the SCAB had four air-quality management agencies, one for each of the four counties. In 1977, the legislature merged these four agencies into the South Coast Air Quality Management District—South Coast AQMD. The SCAB is the smoggiest region of the U.S., and the South Coast AQMD provides hourly reports throughout the district. The South Coast AQMD has jurisdiction over stationary sources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
