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Sava Caracaș
Sava Caracaș (1890 – 15 March 1945) was a Romanian brigadier general during World War II. He graduated the Infantry Military School in 1912 with the rank of second lieutenant. He advanced in rank to colonel in 1936. In 1938 Caracaș served as Prefect of Iași County. At the order of the Minister of Interior, Armand Călinescu, he ordered the search of known sympathizers of the Iron Guard, who were suspected of possessing weapons and propaganda materials. Wearing a mărțișor was forbidden that year, since it was viewed as political insignia. From May 1941 to January 1942, he served as Chief of Staff 4th Corps Area. On 22 June 1941 Romania joined Operation Barbarossa in order to reclaim the lost territories of Bessarabia and Bukovina, which had been annexed by the Soviet Union in June 1940. From 29 June to 6 July 1941 the Iași pogrom was launched by governmental forces under Marshal Ion Antonescu against the Jewish community in Iași. On August 25, the commander of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alba Iulia
Alba Iulia (; german: Karlsburg or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; hu, Gyulafehérvár; la, Apulum) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania. Located on the Mureș River in the historical region of Transylvania, it has a population of 63,536 (). During ancient times, the site was the location of the Roman camp Apulum. Since the High Middle Ages, the city has been the seat of Transylvania's Roman Catholic diocese. Between 1542 and 1690 it was the capital of the principality of Transylvania. At one point it also was a center of the Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania with suffragan to Vad diocese.Maksym Mayorov. Metropolitan of Kiev and other Eastern Orthodox Churches before 1686 (Київська митрополія та інші православні церкви перед 1686 роком ) Likbez. 16 December 2018 On 1 December 1918, the Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared in Alba Iulia, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after Frederick Barbarossa ("red beard"), a 12th-century Holy Roman emperor and German king, put into action Nazi Germany's ideological goal of conquering the western Soviet Union to repopulate it with Germans. The German aimed to use some of the conquered people as forced labour for the Axis war effort while acquiring the oil reserves of the Caucasus as well as the agricultural resources of various Soviet territories. Their ultimate goal was to create more (living space) for Germany, and the eventual extermination of the indigenous Slavic peoples by mass deportation to Siberia, Germanisation, enslavement, and genocide. In the two years leading up to the invasion, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed political and economic pacts for st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monitorul Oficial
''Monitorul Oficial al României'' is the official gazette of Romania, in which all the promulgated bills, presidential decrees, governmental A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ... ordinances and other major legal acts are published. External links * The Official Gazette of Romania – Tradition and Present StatusLegislatia Romaniei si U.E.Official Gazette listing 2005 - 2007Collection of editions from 1875 to 1949 {{Newspapers in Romanian Government of Romania Newspapers published in Romania Government gazettes Publications established in 1832 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Badge
Yellow badges (or yellow patches), also referred to as Jewish badges (german: Judenstern, lit=Jew's star), are badges that Jews were ordered to wear at various times during the Middle Ages by some caliphates, at various times during the Medieval and early modern period by some European powers, and from 1939 to 1945 by the Axis powers, including Nazi Germany. The badges served to mark the wearer as a religious or ethnic outsider, and often served as a badge of shame. Usage Caliphates The practice of wearing special clothing or markings to distinguish Jews and other non-Muslims (dhimmis) in Muslim-dominated countries seems to have been introduced in the Umayyad Caliphate by Caliph Umar II in the early 8th century. The practice was revived and reinforced by the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861), subsequently remaining in force for centuries. A genizah document from 1121 gives the following description of decrees issued in Baghdad: Medieval and early modern Europe In lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soroca County (Romania)
Soroca County was a county (Romanian: ''județ'') in the Kingdom of Romania between 1925 and 1938 and between 1941 and 1944. The seat was Soroca. Geography The county was located in the northeastern part of Greater Romania, in the northeastern region of Bassarabia, on the border with the Soviet Union. Currently its territory is entirely in the Republic of Moldova. It was bordered to the northwest by Hotin County, to the west and southwest by Bălți County, southeast by Orhei County, and to the east and north-east with the USSR. History After the Union of Bessarabia with Romania in 1918, the county belonged to Romania, which set up the county formally in 1925. The first prefect of Soroca County was Vasile Săcară in 1918. After the 1938 ''Administrative and Constitutional Reform'', this county merged with the counties Bacău, Baia, Bălți, Botoșani, Iași, Neamț, Roman, and Vaslui to form Ținutul Prut. The area of the county was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bălți County (Romania)
Bălți County was a county (Romanian: ''județ'') in the Kingdom of Romania between 1925 and 1938 and between 1941 and 1944, with the seat at Bălți. The county was located in the eastern part of Greater Romania, in the northern part of Bessarabia. Its territory now belongs to the Republic of Moldova, covering almost the territory of Moldova's Bălți County, which existed between 1998 and 2003. Bălți County neighboured the counties of Soroca to the east, Orhei to the south-east, Lăpușna and Iași to the south-west, Botoșani to the north-east, and Hotin to the north. Administration The county was originally administratively subdivided into three districts ('' plăși''): #Plasa Fălești, headquartered at Fălești #Plasa Râșcani, headquartered at Râșcani #Plasa Slobozia, headquartered at Slobozia Later, Bălți County was reorganized from the administrative point of view. The number of districts increased to six, by abolishing Plasa Slobozia and creating four new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman County
Roman County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania. The county seat was Roman. In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Prut, but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime - only to be abolished 10 years later by the Communist regime. Geography Roman County covered 1,880 km2 and was located in the central-north-eastern part of Greater Romania in the center of Moldavia. Currently, the territory that comprised Roman County is now mostly included in the Neamț County, with some parts in the Iași. Bacău, and Vaslui counties. In the interwar period, the county neighbored Baia County to the north, Iași and Vaslui counties to the east, Tutova County to the southeast, Bacău County to the south, and Neamț County Neamț County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț. The county takes its name from the Neamț River. Dem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botoșani County
Botoșani County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia (encompassing a few villages in neigbhouring Suceava County from Bukovina to the west as well), with the capital town ( ro, Oraș reședință de județ) at Botoșani. Demographics As of 31 October 2011, it had a population of 412,626 and the population density was 83/km2. * Romanians – 94.1% * Romani people, Romani – 1% * Ukrainians – 0.2% * Lipovans – 0.1% * Minorities of Romania, Other ethnicities – 0.1% * Unknown ethnicity – 4.6% Geography * Botoșani County is situated between the rivers Siret (river), Siret and Prut, in the northeastern part of Romania, bordering Ukraine to the north and Moldova to the east. To the west and south it has borders with Suceava County, Suceava and Iași County, Iași counties. * It has a total area of , comprising 2.1% of the Romanian territory. * The relief is a high plain, between the valleys of the Siret and the Prut, and the latter's affluent, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baia County
Baia County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania. The county seat was Fălticeni. In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Prut, but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime - only to be abolished 10 years later by the Communist regime. Geography Baia County covered 3,353 km2 and was located in Moldavia. Currently, the territory that comprised Baia County is now included in the Suceava County, Iași County and Neamț County. In the interwar period, the county neighbored Câmpulung and Suceava counties to the north, Botoșani to the northeast, Iași to the east, Roman to the south, and Neamț counties to the west. Administrative organization Administratively, Baia County was originally divided into three districts ('' plăși''): # Plasa Moldova, headquartered at Baia # Plasa Pașcani, headquartered at Pașcani # Plasa Siret, headquartered at Lespezi Subsequently, Plasa Moldova dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (; ; – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' during most of World War II. A Romanian Army career officer who made his name during the 1907 peasants' revolt and the World War I Romanian Campaign, the antisemitic Antonescu sympathized with the far-right and fascist National Christian and Iron Guard groups for much of the interwar period. He was a military attaché to France and later Chief of the General Staff, briefly serving as Defense Minister in the National Christian cabinet of Octavian Goga as well as the subsequent First Cristea cabinet, in which he also served as Air and Marine Minister. During the late 1930s, his political stance brought him into conflict with King Carol II and led to his detainment. Antonescu nevertheless rose to political prominence during the political crisis of 1940, and established the National Legionary State, an unea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mareșal (Romania)
Mareșal (Marshal) is the highest rank in the Army of Romania, the Romanian Armed Forces. It is the equivalent of a field marshal in other countries. The rank of ''mareșal'' can only be bestowed to a General or Admiral ( ro, amiral), in time of war for exceptional military merits, by the President of Romania and confirmed by the Supreme Council of National Defense. Only three non-royal persons were bestowed the rank ''mareșal'' to date: Alexandru Averescu, Constantin Prezan, and Ion Antonescu. The first two were Generals during World War I, and the last was General during World War II, and Ruler of Romania between the abdication of King Carol II (6 September 1940) and his arrest by King Michael I (23 August 1944). Of the Romanian kings, Ferdinand I, Carol II and Michael I were Marshals of Romania. King Carol I Carol I or Charles I of Romania (20 April 1839 – ), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iași Pogrom
The Iași pogrom (, sometimes anglicized as Jassy) was a series of pogroms launched by governmental forces under Marshal Ion Antonescu in the Romanian city of Iași against its Jewish community, which lasted from 29 June to 6 July 1941. According to Romanian authorities, over 13,266 people,Jewishgen br The Iași Pogrom at Radio Romania International quotes 13,266 or 14,850 Jews killed. or one third of the Jewish population, were massacred in the pogrom itself or in its aftermath, and many were deported. It was one of the worst pogroms during World War II. Backgro ...
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