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Sattagydia
Sattagydia (Old Persian: 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 ''Thataguš'', country of the "hundred cows") was one of the easternmost regions of the Achaemenid Empire, part of its Seventh tax district according to Herodotus, along with Gandārae, Dadicae and Aparytae. It was situated east of the Sulaiman Mountains up to the Indus River in the basin around Bannu in modern day's southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Geography The location of Sattagydia has been subject to debate. Its association with Gandara in the 7th tax district of the Herodotus list implies that it was close to Gandara. Olmstead believed that it stretched from "the lower slopes of the Hindu Kush". Based on these considerations, two locations have been proposed: the first being "the area of the confluence of the Ghorband and Panjshir rivers in Afghanistan", and the second, "the area of the middle Indus, around the modern city of Bannu". Following recent archaeological findings, the Bannu basin has become the favoured choic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bannu
Bannu ( ps, بنو, translit=banū ; ur, , translit=bannū̃, ) is a city located on the Kurram River in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the capital of Bannu Division. Bannu's residents are primarily members of the Banuchi tribe and speak Banuchi (Baniswola) dialect of Pashto which is similar to the distinct Waziristani dialect. Total 5 Tehsil in Bannu. The major industries of Bannu are cloth weaving, sugar mills and the manufacturing of cotton fabrics, machinery and equipment. It is famous for its weekly ''Jumma'' fair. The district forms a basin drained by the Kurram and Gambila (or Tochi) rivers. Etymology According to the philologist Michael Witzel, the city was originally known in Avestan as ''Varəna'', from which its modern name derives. The ancient Sanskrit grammarian, Pāṇini, recorded its name as ''Varṇu''. During the 6th century BCE, the basin around Bannu was known as ''Sattagydia'' ( Old Persian: 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 ''Thataguš'', country of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gandāra
Gandāra, or Gadāra in Achaemenid inscriptions (Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼, , also transliterated as since the nasal "n" before consonants was omitted in the Old Persian script, and simplified as or sometimes )Some sounds are omitted in the writing of Old Persian, and are shown with a raised letteOld Persian p.164https://archive.org/stream/OldPersian#page/n23/mode/2up/ Old Persian p.13]. In particular Old Persian nasals such as "n" were omitted in writing before consonantOld Persian p.17https://archive.org/stream/OldPersian#page/n35/mode/2up/ Old Persian p.25] was one of the easternmost provinces of the Achaemenid Empire in South Asia, following the Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley. It appears in various Achaemenid inscriptions such as the Behistun Inscription, or the DNa inscription of Darius the Great.Perfrancesco CallieriINDIA ii. Historical Geography Encyclopaedia Iranica, 15 December 2004. The province was also referred to as ( grc, Παροπα ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
𓈉
The ancient Egyptian Hill-country or "Foreign land" hieroglyph (𓈉) is a member of the sky, earth, and water hieroglyphs. A form of the hieroglyph in color, has a ''green line''-(banding) at the base of the hieroglyph. The hieroglyph refers to the hills, and mountains, on both sides of the Nile River, and thus the green references the verdant black farming land adjacent to the river proper. It is coded N25 in Gardiner's sign list, and U+13209 in Unicode. It is determinative hieroglyph, simply conveying a meaning, and has no phonetic value. Various colors, and patterning, may adorn the rest of the hieroglyph when the bottom is green. Three major uses The ancient language hilly land hieroglyph has three major uses: :1 – hill country, or hills :2 – a reference to arid, ''desert land'' :3 – Determinative, for foreign lands The language meaning of the hieroglyph is as an ideogram or a determinative in the word ''khast'' (khaset), and is often translated as h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolan Pass
Bolān Pass ( ur, ) is a valley and a natural gateway, through the Toba Kakar range in Balochistan province of Pakistan, south of the Afghanistan border. The pass is an stretch of the Bolan river valley from Rindli in the south to Darwāza near Kolpur in the north. It is made up of a number of narrow gorges and stretches.Bolān Pass ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 4 October 2014. It connects with by road and railway. Strategically located, traders, invaders, and nomadic tribes have also used it as a gateway to and from South Asia. The Bolān Pass is an important pass on the Baluch frontier, connecting |
Kurram River
The Kurrama River ( ps, د کورمې سيند), or Kurram River, originates from watershed of Spin Ghar in the Paktia Province of Afghanistan and the Kurram District of Pakistan, flows through North Waziristan District, North Waziristan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, passing through the city of Bannu, and then joins the Indus River near Isa Khel. It drains the southern flanks of the Spin Ghar mountain range and is a right bank tributary of the Indus River. Kurrama river passes through tribal Area of Pakistan, and irrigates around of land. Its tributaries include the Kirman River and the Khurmana River. The nearby Kurran-Garhi Project, finished in 1962, provides flood control and is used for irrigation and power. The soil around Kurrama river is very suitable for agriculture; It contains living properties and is subject to flood at some seasons. Topography Topography of the catchment area of Kurrama River is, generally, mountainous in upper reaches near Ali Khayl, Mirazi Kalay, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tochi River
The Gambila River (Pashto and ur, دریائے گمبیلا), also called the Tochi River (), is located in Khost Province, Afghanistan, and North Waziristan and Bannu District, northwestern Pakistan. The source of the river lies in the hills six miles south of the Spīn Ghar range, the source of the Kurram River, to which it runs parallel and finally joins. It borders North Waziristan while the Gomal River borders South Waziristan. The Gambila is an important river for the inhabitants of the Dawar valley, as it serves to irrigate a large area of land that it runs through, particularly that belonging to the Takhti Khel Marwats, Bakkakhel Wazirs, and Miri and Barakzai Bannuchis. See also *Tochi Valley The Tochi Valley, also known as Dawar (from Middle-Persian, Middle Iranic dātbar, meaning "Justice-giver"), is a fertile area located in the North Waziristan district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Khyber.ORGDawarh.Retrieved on 21-6-20 ... References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khyber Pass
The Khyber Pass (خیبر درہ) is a mountain pass in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, on the border with the Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan. It connects the town of Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar at Jamrud by traversing part of the White Mountains, Afghanistan, White Mountains. Since it was part of the ancient Silk Road, it has been a vital trade route between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent and a Military strategy, strategic military choke point for various states that controlled it. Following Asian Highway 1 (AH1), the summit of the pass at Landi Kotal is inside Pakistan, descending to Jamrud, about from the Afghan border. The inhabitants of the area are predominantly from the Afridi and Shinwari (Pashtun tribe), Shinwari tribes of Pashtuns. Geography The Khyber Pass is a mountain pass in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, on the border with Afghanistan (Nangarhar Province). Following Asian Highway 1 (AH1), the summit of the pass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomal Pass
Gomal Pass ( ps, ګومل) is a mountain pass on the Durand Line border between Afghanistan and the southeastern portion of South Waziristan in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. It takes its name from the Gomal River and is midway between the legendary Khyber Pass and the Bolan Pass. It connects Ghazni in Afghanistan with Tank and Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan. Gomal Pass, for a long time, has been a trading route for nomadic Powindahs. Two Pakistani rivers of Shna Pasta and Shore Mānda as well as Mandz Rāghah Kowri stream in Afghanistan flow close to Gomal Pass. See also *Gomal River *Gomal Zam Dam *Gomal University *Gomal District Gomal District ( ps, ګومل ولسوالۍ, fa, ولسوالی گومل) is a district of Paktika Province, Afghanistan. The estimated population in 2019 was 45,873. The district is within the heartland of the Kharoti tribe of Ghilji Pashtuns. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest empire in history, spanning a total of from the Balkans and Egypt in the west to Central Asia and the Indus Valley in the east. Around the 7th century BC, the region of Persis in the southwestern portion of the Iranian plateau was settled by the Persians. From Persis, Cyrus rose and defeated the Median Empire as well as Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, marking the formal establishment of a new imperial polity under the Achaemenid dynasty. In the modern era, the Achaemenid Empire has been recognized for its imposition of a successful model of centralized, bureaucratic administration; its multicultural policy; building complex infrastructure, such as road systems and an organized postal system; the use of official languages across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akra, Bannu
Akra (آکرہ) is an archaeological site in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It dates from the Early Historic Period. Akra has been known to scholars, though not explored in any depth, since the middle of the last century, and untouched by the modem archaeologist until 1995. In 1995 the work of the Bannu Archaeological Project began at Akra. A much earlier site in this area, Sheri Khan Tarakai Sheri Khan Tarakai is an ancient settlement site located in the Bannu District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It was occupied from approximately 5000 BC to 2500 BC. Excavations have shown that the settlement at Sheri Khan Tarakai was ... was also explored by the Bannu Archaeological Project. Archeological History Akra is the most important of all the sites of the Early Historic Period in Bannu and the most physically prominent of all ancient places in the Bunnu area. Akra covers some 80 hectares, thus it is the largest archaeological site in the Bannu area. The site ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panjshir River
The Panjshir River flows through the Panjshir Valley in northeastern Afghanistan, north of Kabul. Its main tributary is the Ghorband River which flows from the Parwan Province and joins the Panjshir River 10 km east of Charikar in Bagram District. The Panjshir River takes its source near the Anjuman Pass and flows southward through the Hindu Kush and joins the Kabul River at the town of Surobi. A dam was built on the Panjshir River near Surobi in the 1950s to supply water from the Panjshir River to the Kabul River. There is just one permanent bridge on the Panjshir River that provides access to the Bagram Airport. On 12 July 2018, there was a flood in Panjshir Valley in which ten people were killed. See also * Panjshir Province * Panjshir Valley The Panjshir Valley (also spelled Panjsher or Darah-I-Panjshir; Pashto/Dari: – ''Dare-ye Panjšēr''; literally ''Valley of the Five Lions'') is a valley in northeastern Afghanistan, north of Kabul, near the Hindu Kush mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
