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Sarim Scholars
The Sarim (sometimes Saarim), or "forest of scholars", was a powerful faction of literati that dominated Middle and Late Joseon politics in Korea. History of Sarim faction Early beginning The philosophical lineage of the Sarim scholars originated from the neo-Confucian school of Gil Jae (1353–1419), a Goryeo scholar who studied under Yi Saek and Jeong Mong-ju. After the fall of the Goryeo dynasty, he retreated to his home village refusing to serve the new Joseon dynasty despite King Taejong's request. Gil Jae concentrated on cultivating a new generation of neo-Confucian scholars including Kim Suk-ja and his son Kim Jong-jik. When King Seongjong became the ninth king of Joseon, he invited Kim Jong-jik and his disciples, who came to be called Sarim scholars, to his court and supported their political growth. They primarily served in so-called Three Offices, from which challenged the entrenched "Hungu" officials, who accumulated great power and wealth by supporting King Sejo w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally the practitioners faced persecutions. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the territory of current Korea and saw the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seowon
Seowon () were the most common educational institutions of Korea during the mid- to late Joseon Dynasty. They were private institutions, and combined the functions of a Confucian shrine and a preparatory school. In educational terms, the seowon were primarily occupied with preparing students for the national civil service examinations. In most cases, seowon served only pupils of the aristocratic ''yangban'' class. On 6 July 2019, UNESCO recognized a collection of nine seowon as a World Heritage Site. History Seowons first appeared in Korea in the early Joseon Dynasty. They were modeled after early private Chinese academies of classical learning ''shuyuan''. The latter originated in the 8th century under the Tang dynasty, and were later dismantled under the Yuan dynasty to become preparatory schools for the imperial examinations under government control. Although the exact year of seowons introduction in Korea is not known for certain, in 1418 King Sejong issued rewards to two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyojong Of Joseon
Hyojong of Joseon (3 July 1619 – 23 June 1659) was the seventeenth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea from 1649 to 1659. He is best known for his plan for an expedition to the Manchu Qing dynasty, and his campaigns against the Russian Empire at the request of the Qing dynasty. His plan for the northern expedition was never put into action since he died before the campaign started. Biography Birth and background King Hyojong was born in 1619 as the second son of King Injo, while his father was still a prince. In 1623, when the Westerners faction (西人) launched a coup that removed then-ruling Gwanghaegun and crowned Injo, Hyojong was called to the palace along with his father and given the title Bongrimdaegun (Grand Prince Bongrim) in 1626. Captive of the Qing dynasty In 1627, King Injo's hard-line diplomatic policy brought war between Joseon Korea and the Later Jin dynasty. Later, in 1636, the Later Jin's successor state, Qing dynasty, defeated Joseon, and King Injo pledged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Injo Of Joseon
Injo of Joseon (7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649), born Yi Jong, was the sixteenth ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the grandson of King Seonjo and son of Prince Jeongwon. He was the king during the Later Jin invasion of Joseon, in which Later Jin withdrew the armies after their demands were met. However, in the subsequent Qing invasion, King Injo surrendered in 1636, agreeing to the subjugating terms outlined by the Qing. Yi Jong is considered a weak and incompetent ruler as during his reign, Korea experienced the Yi Gwal's Rebellion, invasions from the Later Jin and Qing dynasty, and an economic recession. Biography Birth and background King Injo was born in 1595 as a son of Prince Jeongwon, whose father was the ruling monarch King Seonjo. In 1607, Prince Jeongwon's son was given the title, Lord Neungyang (綾陽都正, 능양도정) and later Prince Neungyang (綾陽君, 능양군); and lived as a royal family member, unsupported by any political factions th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwanghaegun
Gwanghae-gun or Prince Gwanghae (4 June 1575 – 7 August 1641), personal name Yi Hon (Hangul: 이혼, Hanja: 李琿), was the 15th ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. As he was deposed in a coup d'état, he did not receive a temple name. Biography Birth and background Gwanghaegun was the second son of King Seonjo, born to Lady Kim Gong-bin, a concubine. When Japan invaded Korea to attack the Ming Empire, he was installed as Crown Prince. When the king fled north to the border of Ming, he set up a branch court and fought defensive battles. During and after the Seven Year War (1592–1598), he acted as the de facto ruler of the Joseon Dynasty, commanding battles and taking care of the reconstruction of the nation after the devastating wars, in the place of old and weak King Seonjo. Although it brought prestige to him, his position was still unstable. He had an elder but incompetent brother Prince Imhae (Imhaegun, 임해군, 臨海君) and a younger but legitimate brother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu Seong-ryong
Ryu Seong-ryong (November 1542 – May 1607), was a scholar-official of the Joseon Dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ... of Korea. He held many responsibilities including the Chief State Councillor position in 1592. He was a member of the "Eastern faction", and a follower of Yi Hwang. Early life and education Ryu was born in Hahoe Folk Village, Hahoe Maeul, Andong, Gyeongsang province (today a UNESCO World Heritage Site), to a ''yangban'' family of the Munhwa Ryu clan. Ryu is said to have been so precocious that he absorbed the teachings of Confucius and Mencius at the age of 8. In 1564 the 19th year of Myeongjong of Joseon, Myeongjong, he passed the ''Samasi'' examination, and in 1566 he passed the ''Gwageo, Mun-gwa'' at a special examination, and then took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southerners (Korean Political Faction)
The Southerners () were a political faction of the Joseon Dynasty. The faction was created after the split of the Easterners in 1591 by Yi Sanhae's opponents. Its leader was Ryu Seong-ryong, who died in 1607. Leader Heo Mok was Left Prime Minister from 1675 to 1678. Leader Yun Hyu was executed in 1680. They supported Jang Huibin, queen consort of Sukjong of Joseon from 1688 to 1694. The faction continued to exist until the 18th century. Members *Ryu Seong-ryong *Yun Seon-do *Yun Hyu *Heo Mok *Heo Jeok *Jang Huibin *Jeong Yak-yong Jeong Yak-yong (August 5, 1762 – April 7, 1836) or Chong Yagyong, often simply known as ‘Dasan’ (茶山, one of his ‘ho’ / pen-names meaning ‘the mountain of tea’), was a Korean agronomist, philosopher, and poet. He was one of the ... {{Sasaek Dangpa Joseon dynasty Political history of Korea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seo Gyeong-deok
Seo Gyeongdeok (1489–1546) was a Korean Neo-Confucianist philosopher during the Joseon Dynasty. His philosophy studied materialism and phenomenology based on ancient taoist philosophy theories absorbed by neoconfucianism, like Yin and Yang and Ki. Works Seo was a great scholar of the day. He counted among his students the famed gisaeng Hwang Jini, for whom he wrote this sijo: Other works: * ''Hwadamjip'' (화담집, 花潭集) - collection of his writings * ''Woniki'' (원이기, 原理氣) - About origin of Qi * ''Igiseol'' (이기설, 理氣說) - about processing of Qi * ''Taeheoseol'' (태허설, 太虛說) - About Mu of Qi * ''Gwisin sasaengnon'' (귀신사생론, 鬼神死生論) - about spirit of soul and life and death. Disciples * Hwang Jini - Korean poet and artist * Heo Gyun - Korean novelist, philosopher, and politician * Yi Jiham (이지함) - Korean astrologer, diviner, and politician * Heo Nanseolheon Heo Nanseolheon (1563 – 19 March 1589), was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treason Case Of 1589
The rebellion of Jeong Yeo-rip in 1589, known in Korean as the ''Gichuk oksa'' (기축옥사, 己丑獄事), was one of the bloodiest political purges in Korea's Joseon Dynasty. Its scale was greater than all four of the notorious literati purges combined. At that time Joseon politics was dominated by conflict between Eastern and Western factions. Neo-Confucian scholar and Easterner Jeong Yeo-rip was accused of high treason, after which as many as 1,000 Easterners were killed or exiled. (''Oksa'' means a major case involving high treason in Korean, and there were several events named oksa during the Joseon period.) There is still much dispute about the Treason Case of 1589 because there is a wealth of conflicting historical accounts written by both factions. In the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the official royal record of the Joseon Dynasty, the Seonjo Annals were written by the Easterners (who held power in Gwanghaegun's reign during which it was written) while the Revised Seon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeong Cheol
Jeong Cheol (Hangul: 정철, Hanja: 鄭澈; 18 December 1536 – 7 February 1594) was a Korean statesman and poet. He used the pen-names Gyeham (계함) and Songgang (송강), and studied under Kim Yunjae at Hwanbyeokdang. He was expelled by the Easterners. He was from the Yeonil Jeong clan (연일 정씨, 延日 鄭氏). Family * Grandfather ** Jeong Woe (정위, 鄭潙) * Father ** Jeong Yu-chim (정유침, 鄭惟沈) * Mother ** Lady Ahn of the Juksan Ahn clan (죽산 안씨, 竹山 安氏) * Siblings ** Older brother - Jeong So (정소, 鄭沼) ** Older sister - Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Yeonil Jeong clan (귀인 정씨) (August 1520 - 25 March 1566) *** Brother-in-law - King Injong of Joseon (조선 인종) (10 March 1515 - 7 August 1545) ** Older sister - Princess Consort Ohcheon of the Yeonil Jeong clan (오천군부인 연일 정씨, 烏川郡夫人 延日 鄭氏) *** Brother-in-law - Yi Yu, Prince Gyerim (계림군 유, 桂林君 瑠) **** Nephew - Yi Si (연양정 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Siyeol
Song Si-yeol ( ko, 송시열, Hanja: 宋時烈; 30 December 1607 - 19 July 1689), also known by his pennames ''Uam'' (우암) and ''Ujae'' (우재) or by the honorific ''Songja'' ( ko, 송자, Hanja: 宋子), was a Korean philosopher and politician. Born in Okcheon, North Chungcheong, he was known for his concern with the problems of the common people. He served in governmental service for more than fifty years, and his name features over 3,000 times in the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the greatest frequency that any individual is mentioned. He was executed by the royal court for writing an inflammatory letter to the king. There is a monument to him in his hometown. He is also known as the calligrapher who inscribed an epitaph (Chungyeolmyobi Takboncheop) in dedication of Admiral Yi Sunsin, which is preserved at the Chungryeolsa Shrine (historical site No. 236). He was from the Eunjin Song clan (은진 송씨, 恩津 宋氏). Family * Great-Grandfather ** Song Gu-su (송구수, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi I
Yi Yi (; December 26, 1536 – February 27, 1584) was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon Dynasty. Yi I is often referred to by his pen name Yulgok ("Chestnut valley"). He was also a politicianYi I at and was the academical successor of . Life Master Yi I was born in , Gangwon Pro ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
