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Sarhang (rank)
''Sarhang'' is a title and/or military rank of Iranian languages, Iranian origin, a compound of ''sar'' ("head, chief") and ''hang'' ("an army division"). In modern usage in Iran, ''sarhang'' ( fa, سرهنگ) is the equivalent of colonel. History The origin of the title ''sarhang'' may date back at least to the Parthian Empire, Parthian period. In the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian period, it was a rank in the hierarchy of the ''aswaran'' cavalry force. In the medieval period, ''sarhang'' has been defined as "a heroic man, a brave fighter, a night-guard". According to Ibn al-Balkhi, the rank was immediately below ''spahbed, spāhbadh''. In ''Tarikh-i Bukhara, Tārikh-i Bukhārā'', the title is ranked below ''amir, amīr''. In early Islamic period, the title appears together with ''ayyaran, ayyār'', and a related title, ''sarhang-shumārān'', seems to belong to the leaders of the hierarchy of ''ayyārān''. According to Bosworth, ''sarhang''s were separate from ''ayyar''s, and were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarhang 1
Sarhang may refer to: * Sarhang (rank) * Male name in Kurdish. *Sarhang Mohsen, Iraqi footballer *Sarhang, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, a village in Iran *Sarhang, Razavi Khorasan, a village in Iran {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aswaran
The Aswārān (singular aswār), also spelled Asbārān and Savaran, was a cavalry force that formed the backbone of the Military of the Sasanian Empire, army of the Sasanian Empire. They were provided by the aristocracy, were heavily armored, and ranged from archers to cataphracts. Etymology The word comes from the Old Persian word ''asabāra'' (from ''asa''- and ''bar'', a frequently used Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid military technical term). The various other renderings of the word are following; Parthian language, Parthian ''asbār'', Middle Persian ''aspabārak'', New Persian, Classical Persian ''suwār'' (), ''uswār''/''iswār'' (), Modern Persian ''savār'' (). The Arabic word ''asāwira'' (), used to refer to Asawira, a certain faction of the Sasanian cavalry after the Muslim conquest, is a broken plural form of the Middle Persian ''aswār''. However, the word ''aswār'' only means "horseman" in Middle Persian literature, and it is only the late Arabic term that has a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Ranks Of Iran
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
''Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī'' ( fa, تاریخ بیهقی, italics=yes; ) is a history book written by Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, in Persian language, Persian, in the 11th century CE. Much of this voluminous work is lost, but its remains is the most important source on the history of the Ghaznavid Empire. The work is more than a history book. Its detailed descriptions and unique style of narration of the historical events has made it similar to a "historical novel" and one of the masterpieces of the Persian literature. The work was written at the Ghaznavid chancellery in order to frame the Turkic peoples, Turkic-origin Ghaznavid rulers in line with Iranian peoples, Iranian kings. Names The work has been published under multiple names: *''Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī'' (, ''Bayhaqi's History'') *''Tārīkh-i Nāsirī'' (, ''Nasiri's History'') *''Tārīkh-i Masʿūdī'' (, ''Mas'udi's History'') *''Tārīkh-i Āl-i Nāsir'' (, ''History of the House of Nasir'') *''Tārīkh-i Āl-i Sabuktagīn'' (, ''Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Tabari
( ar, أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير بن يزيد الطبري), more commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (), was a Muslim historian and scholar from Amol, Tabaristan. Among the most prominent figures of the Islamic Golden Age, al-Tabari is known for his historical works and his expertise in Qur'anic exegesis (), but he has also been described as "an impressively prolific polymath".Lindsay Jones (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of religion'', volume 13, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, p. 8943 He wrote works on a diverse range of subjects, including world history, poetry, lexicography, grammar, ethics, mathematics, and medicine. His most influential and best known works are his Quranic commentary, known in Arabic as , and his historical chronicle called ''History of the Prophets and Kings'' (), often referred to as ("al-Tabari's History"). Al-Tabari followed the Shafi'i madhhab for nearly a decade before he developed his own interpretation of Islamic jurisprudence. His understanding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorāsān,Dabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 or Khorāsān ( pal, Xwarāsān; fa, خراسان ), is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau between Western and Central Asia. The name ''Khorāsān'' is Persian and means "where the sun arrives from" or "the Eastern Province".Sykes, M. (1914). "Khorasan: The Eastern Province of Persia". ''Journal of the Royal Society of Arts'', 62(3196), 279-286.A compound of ''khwar'' (meaning "sun") and ''āsān'' (from ''āyān'', literally meaning "to come" or "coming" or "about to come"). Thus the name ''Khorasan'' (or ''Khorāyān'' ) means "sunrise", viz. " Orient, East"Humbach, Helmut, and Djelani Davari, "Nāmé Xorāsān", Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Persian translation by Djelani Davari, published in Iranian Languages Studies Website. MacKenzie, D. (1971). ''A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary'' (p. 95). London: Oxford University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Musta'in
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ( ar, أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن محمد; 836 – 17 October 866), better known by his regnal title Al-Mustaʿīn (836 – 17 October 866) was the Abbasid caliph from 862 to 866, during the "Anarchy at Samarra". After the death of previous Caliph, Al-Muntasir (who had not appointed any successors), the Turkic military leaders held a council to select his successor. They were not willing to have Al-Mu'tazz or his brothers; so they elected ''Ahmad ibn Muhammad'' (), a nephew of Al-Mutawakkil, who took the regnal name Al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh ( "he who looks for help to God"). Arab and other troops based in Baghdad, displeased at the choice, attacked the assembly, broke open the prison, and plundered the armory. They were attacked by the Turkic and Berber soldiers, and after some fighting in which many died, succumbed. Baghdad had yet to learn that the Caliphate no longer depended on the opinions of the Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalinus
Jalinus (also spelled Jilunus) was a 7th-century Armenian dynast, who was one of the leading figures in Sasanian Iran. He was the commander of the guard over Khosrow II, during the latter's imprisonment. Jalinus was a Sasanian commander during the Arab conquest of Iran. Background and identity The name of ''Jalinus'' is the Arabic form of his original, Greek name, Galen. According to Pourshariati, the name was most likely not his personal name, but a title of his. He was probably one of the Armenian dynasty that became entangled in Sasanian history. He may have been the same person as Mushegh III Mamikonian or Gregory of Siwnik, who both also served the Sasanians in the early 7th-century. Biography Jalinus is first mentioned as the commander over Khosrow II, during the latter's imprisonment in 628. Although Khosrow had been overthrown and imprisoned by his son Kavad II Sheroe, he was still treated like a monarch, with Jalinus even addressing him with the formula ''anōšag b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir
Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The feminine form is emira ( '), a cognate for "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of religion) organisatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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