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Sarcostroma Leucospermi
''Sarcostroma'' is a genus of fungi in the family '' Sporocadaceae''. Most species of this genus are saprobes, endophytes or pathogens on leaves (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b, Norphanphoun et al. 2015, Farr & Rossman 2019). The type species is ''Sarcostroma berkeleyi'' . History In Sir William Jackson Hooker's book, 'British Flora' (1836), English cryptogamist, Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803–1889), had described a fungal parasite (Savin leaf spot) on the leaves of ''Juniperus sabina'' and it was later identified as '' Podisoma foliicola''.Mordecai Cubitt Cooke It was found in the spring time, on living leaves, as a small sub-elliptic black excrescences (outgrowths) and it is not larger than the head of a pin. Royal Horticultural Society When Cooke re-examined the specimens in 1871, he found them to be different to other '' Podisoma'' genus species and so re-named and published it as ''Sarcostroma berkeleyi'' in Berkeley's honour. The genus ''Sarcostroma'' was introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spring (season)
Spring, also known as springtime, is one of the four temperate seasons, succeeding winter and preceding summer. There are various technical definitions of spring, but local usage of the term varies according to local climate, cultures and customs. When it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere, it is autumn in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. At the spring (or vernal) equinox, days and nights are approximately twelve hours long, with daytime length increasing and nighttime length decreasing as the season progresses until the Summer Solstice in June (Northern Hemisphere) and December (Southern Hemisphere). Spring and "springtime" refer to the season, and also to ideas of rebirth, rejuvenation, renewal, resurrection and regrowth. Subtropical and tropical areas have climates better described in terms of other seasons, e.g. dry or wet, monsoonal or cyclonic. Cultures may have local names for seasons which have little equivalence to the terms originating in Europe. Meteoro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth is part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. In a ''rooted'' phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants, and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. ''Unrooted'' trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribosomal DNA
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA sequence that codes for ribosomal RNA. These sequences regulate transcription initiation and amplification, and contain both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer segments. In the human genome there are 5 chromosomes with nucleolus organizer regions: the acrocentric chromosomes 13 (RNR1), 14 ( RNR2), 15 ( RNR3), 21 (RNR4) and 22 (RNR5). The genes that are responsible for encoding the various sub-units of rRNA are located across multiple chromosomes in humans. But the genes that encode for rRNA are highly conserved across the domains, with only the copy numbers involved for the genes having varying numbers per species. In Bacteria, Archaea, and chloroplasts the rRNA is composed of different (smaller) units, the large (23S) ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and 5S rRNA. The 16S rRNA is widely used for phylogenetic studies. Eukaryotes The rRNA transcribed from the approximately 600 rDNA repeats forms the most abundant section of RNA found in cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truncatella (fungus)
The fungal genus ''Truncatella'' in the family Sporocadaceae, and in the Amphisphaeriales order, includes plant pathogens such as ''Truncatella laurocerasi''. ''Truncatella angustata'' has been linked with grapevine trunk disease in northern Iran. ''Neopestalotiopsis'', ''Pestalotiopsis'' and ''Truncatella'' fungal species (all in family Sporocadaceae) are associated with grapevine trunk diseases in France. It also causes canker and twig dieback in blueberry plants. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Truncatella angustata'' *'' Truncatella bella'' *'' Truncatella betulae'' *'' Truncatella conorum-piceae'' *'' Truncatella excelsa'' *'' Truncatella hartigii'' *'' Truncatella helichrysi'' *'' Truncatella laurocerasi'' *'' Truncatella megaspora'' *'' Truncatella tianshanica'' *'' Truncatella truncata'' *'' Truncatella vitalbae'' *'' Truncatella wangikarii'' Former species; * ''T. pampeana'' = '' Pestalotiopsis pampeana); Pestalotiopsidaceae * ''T. pestal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pestalotiopsis
''Pestalotiopsis'' is a genus of ascomycete fungi. ''Pestalotiopsis'' species are known as plant pathogens. The genus name of ''Pestalotiopsis'' is in honour of Fortunato Pestalozza (died 1878), who was an Italian botanist and doctor who worked in Constantinople and Antalya. The genus was circumscribed by René Leopold Alix Ghislain Jules Steyaert in Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. vol.19 on page 300 in 1949. Some members of the genus are able to grow on the synthetic polymer ''polyurethane'' as its sole carbon source under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, hence show promise as a form of bioremediation for waste reduction. Some members of the genus are able to produce taxol Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical ca .... Taxonomy A phylogenetic analysis in 2013 if many of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monochaetia
''Monochaetia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Species in the genus are typically plant parasites and saprobes, and cause leaf spot diseases on various hosts. The genus ''Monochaetia'' was introduced by Allescher in 1902, it had 23 species originally. Allescher (1902) also designated the type as ''Monochaetia monochaeta'', which has a single apical appendage (Guba 1961; Maharachch. et al. 2014; Senanayake et al. 2015). Steyaert (in 1949) transferred numerous ''Monochaetia'' species to ''Pestalotiopsis'' or '' Truncatella''. More than 40 species of ''Monochaetia'' were recognised by the monograph of Guba (1961). There are 127 ''Monochaetia'' epithets in the Index Fungorum (as of 31 March 2022) and most have been transferred to other genera such as ''Sarcostroma'', ''Seimatosporium'' and ''Seiridium ''Lepteutypa'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Amphisphaeriaceae. First described by the Austrian mycologist Franz Petrak in 1923, the genus contains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity of a substance or organism. A material or image that is homogeneous is uniform in composition or character (i.e. color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities. Heterogeneous Mixtures, in chemistry, is where certain elements are unwillingly combined and, when given the option, will separate. Etymology and spelling The words ''homogeneous'' and ''heterogeneous'' come from Medieval Latin ''homogeneus'' and ''heterogeneus'', from Ancient Greek ὁμογενής (''homogenēs'') and ἑτερογενής (''heterogenēs''), from ὁμός (''homos'', “same”) and ἕτερος (''heteros'', “other, another, different”) respectively, followed by γένος (''genos'', “kind”); - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seimatosporium
Seimatosporium is a fungus genus within the family Sporocadaceae. They are saprobic or pathogenic on plants, and are called 'pestalotioid fungi'. ''Seimatosporium physocarpi'' was found in Russia on the dead branches of ''Physocarpus opulifolius'' and ''Seimatosporium rosae'' was found on '' Rosa kalmiussica'' .} Due to morphological and DNA sequence data several species within the genus has been transferred to other genera within the family. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Seimatosporium alneum'' *'' Seimatosporium anomalum'' *'' Seimatosporium azaleae'' *'' Seimatosporium berberidicola'' *'' Seimatosporium berckmansii'' *'' Seimatosporium botan'' *''Seimatosporium cadicola'' *'' Seimatosporium caninum'' *'' Seimatosporium cassiopes'' *'' Seimatosporium caudatum'' *''Seimatosporium ciliatum'' *''Seimatosporium consocium'' *''Seimatosporium corni'' *''Seimatosporium daviesiae'' *''Seimatosporium discosioides'' *''Seimatosporium effusum'' *''Seima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonymy
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all synonyms of one another: they are ''synonymous''. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be replaced by another in a sentence without changing its meaning. Words are considered synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, ''long'' and ''extended'' in the context ''long time'' or ''extended time'' are synonymous, but ''long'' cannot be used in the phrase ''extended family''. Synonyms with exactly the same meaning share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and thus overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes called cognitive synonyms and the latter, near-synonyms, plesionyms or poecilonyms. Lexicography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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