Sarafand
Sarafand or Sarafend may refer to: Places * Sarafand, Lebanon, also spelled Sarafend ** Sarepta, an ancient Phoenician city at the location of the modern Lebanese town * Tzrifin, area in central Israel previously known as "Sarafand" or "Sarafend", which used to contain two namesake Palestinian villages: ** Sarafand al-Amar, 1920s–1940s site of Sarafand/Sarafend, the largest British military base in the Middle East ** Sarafand al-Kharab * Al-Sarafand, a Palestinian village near Haifa Other uses * Short Sarafand, a British 1930s biplane flying boat * West Nile virus West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family ''Flaviviridae'', from the genus ''Flavivirus'', which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The virus ...

Sarafand Al-Amar
Sarafand al-Amar ( ar, صرفند العمار) was a Palestinian Arab village situated on the coastal plain of Palestine, about northwest of Ramla. It had a population of 1,950 in 1945 and a land area of 13,267 dunams. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.Khalidi, 1992, p. 411 History Ottoman period Sarafand al-Amar was also known as Sarafand al-Kubra ("the larger Sarafand") to distinguish it from its nearby sister village, Sarafand al-Sughra ("the smaller Sarafand"). In 1596, Sarafand al-Kubra was under the administration of the ''nahiya'' ("subdistrict") of Ramla, part of the Liwa of Gaza in the Ottoman tax records. It had a population of 48 households and 17 bachelors; an estimated 358 persons, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, sesame, fruit, orchards, beehives, and goats; a total of 14,000 akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf. The Egyptian Sufi traveler Mustafa al-Dumyuti al-Luqaymi (d. ...
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Al-Sarafand
Al-Sarafand ( ar, الصرفند) was a Palestinian Arab village near the Mediterranean shore south of Haifa. In Ottoman tax records, it is shown that the village had a population of 61 inhabitants in 1596. According to a land and population survey by Sami Hadawi, al-Sarafand's population was 290 in 1945, entirely Arab. History Pottery remains from the late Roman era and Byzantine era have been found here. Al-Sarafand was known to the Crusaders as ''Sarepta Yudee'', but is not known when the village was founded, or how the name originated. The site was recaptured by Ayyubid forces in 1187-1188. The village appears in the waqf of the tomb (turba) and madrasa of amir Qurqamaz in Egypt. Ottoman era From Ottoman records it is known that in 1596 Sarafand was a village in the ''nahiya'' ("subdistrict") of Shafa, ( ''liwa''' ("district") of Lajjun), with a population of 11 Muslim households, an estimated 61 persons. Villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% to the authorities for the c ...
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Sarafand Al-Kharab
Sarafand al-Kharab ( ar, صرفند الخراب) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict, located above sea level, west of Ramla, in the area that is today northeast of Ness Ziona. History Pottery remains from the Early Islamic period (8th-10th century, Umayyad and Abbasid periods) have been found here.Golan, 2015Nes Ziyyona, Sarafand el-Kharab/ref> An Arabic inscription on a slab of marble, formerly held in the private collection of Baron d'Ustinow, was found in Sarafand al-Kharab. Dating to the Fatimid period and ostensibly brought to the village from Ashkelon, it states: "The slave of ''amir al-mu'minin'' may Allah bless him and his pure ancestors, and his noble descendants. And he was then in charge of ... in the border stronghold of Ashqelon in the month of (?) of Rabi' II of the year 440." AH 440 corresponds to 1048/49 CE.Sharon, 1997, pp151-152. A vault, dating from the Crusader period, has been found in the village.Khalidi, 1992, p. 412 Ottoman pe ...
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Short Sarafand
The Short S.14 Sarafand was a British biplane flying boat built by Short Brothers. It was planned as a general reconnaissance aircraft for military service. When it was built in 1932 it was the largest aeroplane in the United Kingdom. The Sarafand was first proposed by Oswald Short in 1928 as an enlarged development of the Singapore II, to provide transatlantic range capability. Short managed to persuade first his chief designer Arthur Gouge and then the Chief of the Air Staff, Sir Hugh Trenchard (later Viscount Trenchard) of the feasibility of such a large aircraft and Air Ministry specification R.6/28 was drawn up to define the project. It was conducted as a public/private joint venture, the Air Ministry funding it with £60,000 and Short Brothers providing the rest. The aircraft was originally designated the Short R6/28 before being named the Sarafand. Design The Sarafand was a six-engined biplane flying boat with equal span wings. Due to the high wing end loads, Gouge sp ...
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Sarafand, Lebanon
Sarafand ( ar, الصرفند) is a village in southern Lebanon located 10 km south of Sidon overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. Its name conserves that of the Phoenician site of Sarepta, just north of Sarafand. History In 1875 Victor Guérin noted that the village had 400 Métualis inhabitants. In mid-April 1980 Israeli commandos, arriving by sea, raided Sarafand killing twenty Lebanese and Palestinians, mostly civilians. During the first three weeks of April the Israelis carried out similar, but smaller, raids along the coast road between Sidon Sidon ( ; he, צִידוֹן, ''Ṣīḏōn'') known locally as Sayda or Saida ( ar, صيدا ''Ṣaydā''), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. ... and Tyre, killing thirteen people. On 7 June 1982, on the second day of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon an IDF brigade was ambushed as it pushed through Sarafand. Two Israeli so ...
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Tzrifin
Tzrifin ( he, צְרִיפִין) is an area in Gush Dan (Dan Region) in central Israel, located on the eastern side of Rishon LeZion and including parts of Be'er Ya'akov. The area proper is defined as an 'area without jurisdiction' between the two cities. Nearly the entire area of Tzrifin proper was taken up by the central Israel Defense Forces (IDF) base, Camp Yigael Yadin (a.k.a. Camp Tzrifin, Camp 782), with which it is synonymous, even though the base also spills into Rishon LeZion and Be'er Ya'akov. Camp Yadin contains a multitude of training bases, as well as Prison Four, the largest Israeli military prison. In late 2010s it was decided to vacate the area, move its bases to Camp Ariel Sharon and repurpose the land for residential development. History During the 18th and 19th centuries, the area of Tzrifin belonged to the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of Lod that encompassed the area of the present-day city of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the south to the present-day city of El'a ...
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Sarepta
Sarepta (near modern Sarafand, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast between Sidon and Tyre, also known biblically as Zarephath. It became a bishopric, which faded, and remains a double (Latin and Maronite) Catholic titular see. Most of the objects by which Phoenician culture is characterised are those that have been recovered scattered among Phoenician colonies and trading posts; such carefully excavated colonial sites are in Spain, Sicily, Sardinia and Tunisia. The sites of many Phoenician cities, like Sidon and Tyre, by contrast, are still occupied, unavailable to archaeology except in highly restricted chance sites, usually much disturbed. Sarepta is the exception, the one Phoenician city in the heartland of the culture that has been unearthed and thoroughly studied. History Sarepta is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the 14th century BCE. Obadiah says it was the northern boundary of Canaan: “And the exiles of this host ...
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