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Santísima Trinidad (fort)
Santísima Trinidad or Most Holy Trinity was a fortress in the Captaincy General of Chile that existed on the north shore of the Bio-Bio River in what is now the Bío Bío Province. It was built directly across the river from Fort Espíritu Santo by the Royal Governor of Chile Alonso de Sotomayor in 1585. It was abandoned by the same governor in 1591 and destroyed by the Indians in the great rising of the Mapuche that followed the death of Governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola. It was constructed again in 1603 by Governor Alonso de Ribera Alonso de Ribera y Zambrano (; 1560 – March 9, 1617) was a Spanish soldier and twice Spanish royal governor of Chile (1601–1605 and 1612–1617). Early life Born in Úbeda, he was the illegitimate son of Hidalgo and Captain Jorge de Ribera Za ... but it disappeared few years later. Sources Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899pg.842 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captaincy General Of Chile
The Captaincy General of Chile (''Capitanía General de Chile'' ) or Governorate of Chile (known colloquially and unofficially as the Kingdom of Chile), was a territory of the Spanish Empire from 1541 to 1817 that was, for most of its existence, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It comprised most of modern-day Chile and southern parts of Argentina. Its capital was Santiago de Chile. In 1810 it declared itself independent, but in 1814 the Spanish reconquered the territory, but in 1817 it gained independence as the Republic of Chile. It had a number of Spanish governors over its long history and several kings. Name The Captaincy General of Chile was incorporated to the Crown of Castile as were all the other Spanish possessions in the New World. The Captaincy General of Chile was first known as New Extremadura (a name subsequently given to a part of Mexico) and then as Indian Flanders. The administrative apparatus of the Captaincy General of Chile was subordinate to the Counci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Espíritu Santo (fort)
Espíritu Santo was a Spanish fortress that existed a little to the north of what is now the Nacimiento commune of Bío Bío Province, Bio-Bio Region of Chile. It was on the left bank of the Bio Bio River immediately below its confluence with the Tavolevo River. Built in 1585 by the Governor Alonso de Sotomayor Alonso de Sotomayor y Valmediano (; 1545–1610) was a Spanish conquistador from Extremadura, and a Royal Governor of Chile. Early life He was born in Trujillo, in the province of Extremadura, the son of Gutiérrez de Sotomayor e Hinojosa a ... for defense of the valley of Catiray and was in correspondence with fort Santísima Trinidad, on the opposite shore of the Bio Bio. It was abandoned and destroyed by the year of 1600. Sources Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899, pg. 269 Arauco War Buildings and structures in Biobío Region Fortifications in Chil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Governor Of Chile
The Royal Governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the Royal Governor also held the title of a Captain General. There were 66 such governors or captains during the Spanish conquest and the later periods of Spanish-centered colonialism. Since the first Spanish–Mapuche parliaments in the 17th century it became an almost mandatory tradition for each governor to arrange a parliament with the Mapuches. List of governors Governors and captains general of Chile Appointed by Charles IV * Ambrosio O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno: (May 1788 – May 1796) * José de Rezabal y Ugarte (Interim): (May 1796 – September 1796) *Gabriel de Avilés, 2nd Marquis of Avilés: (18 September 1796 – 21 January 1799) * Joaquín del Pino Sánchez de Rojas: (January 1799 – April 1801) * José de Santiago Concha Jiménez Lobatón (Interim): (April 1801 – December 1801) * Francisco Tadeo Diez de Medin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alonso De Sotomayor
Alonso de Sotomayor y Valmediano (; 1545–1610) was a Spanish conquistador from Extremadura, and a Royal Governor of Chile. Early life He was born in Trujillo, in the province of Extremadura, the son of Gutiérrez de Sotomayor e Hinojosa and Beatriz de Valmediano. At the age of 15 he joined the army, serving first in Italy until 1567, and then moving to Flanders. In 1580 he was called back to Madrid by his official duties. King Philip II, seeing his military record, awarded him a knighthood in the Order of Santiago and sent him on a campaign against Portugal. However, at that time news arrived from Chile, where the Arauco War continued and reinforcements were needed. The king subsequently decided to name Sotomayor governor of the district and send him there with a large contingent of soldiers to resolve the situation. Governor of Chile Sotomayor arrived in Chile in 1583 and found himself required to play the role of judge, hearing innumerable accusations against the previ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapuche
The Mapuche ( (Mapuche & Spanish: )) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious, and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers. Their habitat once extended from Aconcagua Valley to Chiloé Archipelago and later spread eastward to Puelmapu, a land comprising part of the Argentine pampa and Patagonia. Today the collective group makes up over 80% of the indigenous peoples in Chile, and about 9% of the total Chilean population. The Mapuche are particularly concentrated in the Araucanía region. Many have migrated from rural areas to the cities of Santiago and Buenos Aires for economic opportunities. The Mapuche traditional economy is based on agriculture; their traditional social organization consists of extended families, under the direction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martín García Óñez De Loyola
Don Martín García Óñez de Loyola (1549 in Azpeitia, Gipuzkoa – December 24, 1598 at Curalaba) was a Spanish Basque soldier and Royal Governor of the Captaincy General of Chile. Very likely Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus, was his uncle. Early life As a young man in 1568, he arrived in Peru at the side of the new viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa, as captain of the guard. In 1572, during the military expedition against Túpac Amaru — the last descendant of the Incas resisting foreign domination — Óñez de Loyola led a brilliant action of an advance column which fell upon the camp of the Inca and captured him. For this great feat, he gained the rank of ''corregidor'' in a number of Peruvian towns, entitling him to their goods and labor. He also married to Beatriz Clara Coya, daughter of Inca ruler Sayri Túpac and niece of Túpac Amaru. With these recommendations, the king named him governor of the Río de la Plata and Paraguay in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alonso De Ribera
Alonso de Ribera y Zambrano (; 1560 – March 9, 1617) was a Spanish soldier and twice Spanish royal governor of Chile (1601–1605 and 1612–1617). Early life Born in Úbeda, he was the illegitimate son of Hidalgo and Captain Jorge de Ribera Zambrana y Dávalos, who claimed descent from the kings of Aragon. After studying mathematics, Ribera joined the Spanish army in Flanders. It was the beginning of a long and successful military career. He fought in various battles in France with Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma. In addition, he was part of the Spanish Armada of 1588, and one of the followers of Cardinal Archduke Alberto, governor of the Netherlands. His distinguished military service came to the attention of King Philip III. In 1599, the king named him governor and captain general of Chile, positions that he occupied from 1601 to 1605 and again from 1612 to 1617. First royal government of Chile The 1598 Disaster of Curalaba, in which the Spanish governor of Chile, Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arauco War
The Arauco War was a long-running conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, mostly fought in the Araucanía. The conflict began at first as a reaction to the Spanish conquerors attempting to establish cities and force Mapuches into servitude. It subsequently evolved over time into phases comprising drawn-out sieges, slave-hunting expeditions, pillaging raids, punitive expeditions, and renewed Spanish attempts to secure lost territories. Abduction of women and war rape was common on both sides. After many initial Spanish successes in penetrating Mapuche territory, the Battle of Curalaba in 1598 and the following destruction of the Seven Cities marked a turning point in the war leading to the establishment of a clear frontier between the Spanish domains and the land of the independent Mapuche. From the 17th to the late 18th century a series of parliaments were held between royal governors and Mapuche lonkos and the war devolved to sporadic pillaging car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Biobío Region
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
