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Santa Margarida, Volcano
The Santa Margarida Volcano ( ca, Volcà de Santa Margarida) is an extinct volcano in the comarca of Garrotxa, Catalonia, Spain. The volcano has a perimeter of 2 kilometers and a height of 682 meters and is part of the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park. The hermitage of Santa Margarida, after which the volcano was named, is inside the crater of the volcano. The building was destroyed in 1428 during the 1428 Catalonia earthquake and rebuilt in 1865. Geology A study published in 2011 at the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research indicated that the Santa Margarida and Croscat volcanoes were the product of the same eruption event 11,500 years ago, alternating freatomagmatic activity, between water and magma, and magmatic activity. Gallery File:Santa Margarida (Garrotxa).jpg, The hermitage of Santa Margarida in the crater of the volcano. See also * List of volcanoes in Spain This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Spain. Canary Islands Lanz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Pau
Santa Pau is a village and municipality in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the nort ..., Spain. References External links Government data pages Municipalities in Garrotxa {{Girona-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1428 Catalonia Earthquake
The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428, known in Catalan as the ' because it took place during Candlemas, struck the Principality of Catalonia, especially Roussillon, with an epicentre near Camprodon. The earthquake was one of a series of related seismic events that shook Catalonia in a single year. Beginning on February 23, 1427, tremors were felt in March, April, May 15 at Olot, June, and December. They caused relatively minor visible damage to property, notably to the monastery of Amer; but they probably caused severe weakening of building infrastructure. This would account for the massive and widespread destruction that accompanied the subsequent 1428 quake. Modern estimates of the intensity are VIII (''Damaging'') or IX (''Destructive'') on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale. The ramparts of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste were destroyed. The clocktower of Arles-sur-Tech collapsed. The monastery of Fontclara at Banyuls-dels-Aspres was devastated. The damage sustained by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains Of Catalonia ...
This is a list of mountains in Catalonia, Spain. See also *Montserrat *List of mountains in Aragon References {{DEFAULTSORT:Mountains Of Catalonia Catalonia Mountains A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Volcanoes In Spain
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Spain. Canary Islands Lanzarote *Caldera Blanca *Cerro Tegoyo *Guanapay *Massif of Marissa *Massif of Los Ajaches *Montaña de El Golfo *Montaña Negra *Pico Colorado * Timanfaya Volcanic Field * Volcan of La Corona Fuerteventura *Caldera Los Arrabales *Calderón Hondo *Lobos Island Volcanic Field *Massif of Betancuria *Massif of Haler *Montaña Blanca *Montaña de La Arena *Montaña de la Raya *Montaña de Tindaya *Volcanes de Babuyo *Vulcan de Jacomar Gran Canaria * Bandama Caldera *Caldera de los Marteles * Caldera de Tejeda *Caldera de Tirajana *Haler de Arinaga *La Isleta volcanic field *Massif of Güigüi *Massif of Tamadaba *Montaña de Arucas *Montaña de Gáldar *Montañón Negro * Pico de las Nieves *Stratovolcano of Roque Nublo Tenerife * Alto de Guajara * Caldera of Las Canadas * Massif of Anaga * Malpaís de Güímar * Massif of Teno * Montana de Las Arenas * Pedro Gil ridge *Teide * Teno ridge * Trave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magma
Magma () is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed. Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles. Magma is produced by melting of the mantle or the crust in various tectonic settings, which on Earth include subduction zones, continental rift zones, mid-ocean ridges and hotspots. Mantle and crustal melts migrate upwards through the crust where they are thought to be stored in magma chambers or trans-crustal crystal-rich mush zones. During magma's storage in the crust, its composition may be modified by fractional crystallization, contamination with crustal melts, magma mixing, and degassing. Following its ascent through the crust, magma may feed a volcano and be extruded as lava, or it may solidify underground to form an intrusion, such as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phreatomagmatic Eruption
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water. They differ from exclusively magmatic eruptions and phreatic eruptions. Unlike phreatic eruptions, the products of phreatomagmatic eruptions contain juvenile (magmatic) clasts.Heiken, G. & Wohletz, K. 1985. Volcanic Ash. University of California Press, Berkeley It is common for a large explosive eruption to have magmatic and phreatomagmatic components. Mechanisms Several competing theories exist as to the exact mechanism of ash formation. The most common is the theory of explosive thermal contraction of particles under rapid cooling from contact with water. In many cases the water is supplied by the sea, for example with Surtsey. In other cases the water may be present in a lake or caldera-lake, for example Santorini, where the phreatomagmatic component of the Minoan eruption was a result of both a lake and later the sea. There have also been examples of interaction between magma a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croscat
The Croscat () is a volcano in the comarca of Garrotxa, Catalonia, Spain. It is both the youngest and highest volcano in the Iberian Peninsula, with the last eruption dated back to about 14,000 years Before Present. The volcanic cone has a horseshoe shape, and its northeastern flank was quarried for volcanic gravel until the early 1990s, exposing the internal structure of the cone from top to bottom. The volcano is located in the Garrotxa volcanic field, a Quaternary volcanic field also known as Olot volcanic field, as part of the protected area of the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park. Geology The cone has a height of and an elliptical base with a horseshoe shape, probably caused by the breaching of the western-side of the volcano as a result of the effusion of lava flows during the last eruptive phase of Croscat. A study published in 2011 at the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research revealed that the Santa Margarida Volcano and the Croscat were the product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research
''Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research'' is a scientific journal that publishes recent research on the fields of volcanology and geothermal activity, as well as the societal and environmental impact of these phenomenon. Abstracting and indexing This journal is abstracted and indexed by the following services: * Chemical Abstracts * Current Contents * Engineering Index * GEOBASE * Mineralogical Abstracts * Scopus * GeoRef * Science Citation Index * Referativnyi Zhurnal See also * List of scientific journals * List of scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ... References Volcanology Geophysics journals Elsevier academic journals Geology journals {{geology-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermitage (religious Retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people lived religiously, in seclusion. Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place. Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages". In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy. The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid. Western Christian tradition A hermitage is any type of domestic dwelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garrotxa
Garrotxa () is a comarca (county) in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Its population in 2016 was 55,999, more than half of them in the capital city of Olot. It is roughly equivalent to the historical County of Besalú. Geography Garrotxa borders the comarques of Ripollès, Osona, Selva, Gironès, Pla de l'Estany, Alt Empordà, and Vallespir. It includes the upper basin of the River Fluvià and the headwaters of the rivers Muga, Amer and Llémena. From both the human point of view and that of physical geography, the comarca has a clear division into two subcomarques. Extending north from the valley of the Fluvià, is Alta Garrotxa (Upper Garrotxa), while the southern part is sometimes called the comarca of Olot, after the capital city. The Fluvià flows toward the Mediterranean, and has a relatively small flow of water (1.07 m³/s at Olot). The high humidity of Garrotxa contrasts with that of the neighboring comarques. Annual rainfall is over 1000 mm (about 40 inches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zona Volcànica De La Garrotxa Natural Park
The red-tailed silverside, or zona (''Bedotia geayi'') is a species of Madagascar rainbowfish endemic to the Mananjary River drainage in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss and introduced species. It has often been confused with the related '' B. madagascariensis'', which is common in the aquarium trade.SeriouslyFish: Bedotia madagascarensis.' Retrieved 3 July 2014.Loiselle, P.V.; and Rodriguez, D. (2007). ''A new species of Bedotia (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha: Bedotiidae) from the Rianila drainage of Eastern Madagascar, with redescriptions of Bedotia madagascariensis and Bedotia geayi.'' Zootaxa 1520: 1-18. In addition to meristics, the two can be separated by the exact colour pattern on their tail fin (males of both typically have red in the tail) and the distinct red spot on the lower jaw of breeding male ''B. geayi'' (lacking in ''B. madagascariensis''). ''B. geayi'' was described in 1907 by Jacques Pellegrin from a type collected by the pharmacist and natural histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perimeter
A perimeter is a closed path that encompasses, surrounds, or outlines either a two dimensional shape or a one-dimensional length. The perimeter of a circle or an ellipse is called its circumference. Calculating the perimeter has several practical applications. A calculated perimeter is the length of fence required to surround a yard or garden. The perimeter of a wheel/circle (its circumference) describes how far it will roll in one revolution. Similarly, the amount of string wound around a spool is related to the spool's perimeter; if the length of the string was exact, it would equal the perimeter. Formulas The perimeter is the distance around a shape. Perimeters for more general shapes can be calculated, as any path, with \int_0^L \mathrms, where L is the length of the path and ds is an infinitesimal line element. Both of these must be replaced by algebraic forms in order to be practically calculated. If the perimeter is given as a closed piecewise smooth plane curve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
