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Saltasaurinae
Saltasaurinae is a subfamily of titanosaurian sauropods known from the late Cretaceous period of South America, India and Madagascar. Description Saltasaurines are relatively small sauropods with the general body shape of a small head, long neck, four limbs, and a long tail. They range from the small '' Ibirania'' at around , to the larger ''Neuquensaurus'' at . A currently unnamed fragmentary sauropod from Madagascar may turn out to be a saltasaurine longer than ''Neuquensaurus''. The weight of saltasaurines is very light compared to that of some of the largest dinosaurs. Thomas R. Holtz Jr. found the genera range from around , with ''Saltasaurus'' and an unnamed genus on both extremes, respectively.Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'Winter 2010 Appendix./ref> Saltasaurinae is the only known group of sauropods found with armour from almost every species. The most probable reason for the bony stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosaur
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as ''Patagotitan''—estimated at long with a weight of —and the comparably-sized ''Argentinosaurus'' and ''Puertasaurus'' from the same region. The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a '' nomen dubium)'' ''Titanosaurus''. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood. Description Titanosauria have the largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saltasaurini
Saltasaurini is a tribe of titanosaur sauropods known from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. The clade was named in 2007 by Leonardo Salgado and José Bonaparte for the "least inclusive clade comprising ''Neuquensaurus'' and ''Saltasaurus''", being equivalent to the use of Saltasaurinae in Salgado ''et al.'' (1997). Found only in the Campanian to Maastrichtian sediments of the Neuquén Basin, Salgado & Bonaparte (2007) decided a more restrictive clade was needed because of the expansion of Saltasaurinae as defined to include far more taxa than it originally encompassed. Saltasaurini includes the original core of Saltasaurinae: ''Neuquensaurus'', ''Saltasaurus'', ''Rocasaurus'' and ''Bonatitan ''Bonatitan'' is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Argentina. It was named in 2004. Description The type species is ''Bonatitan reigi'', first described by Martinelli and Forasiepi in 2004. The s ...'', although some studies excl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuquensaurus
''Neuquensaurus'' (meaning "Neuquén lizard") is a genus of saltasaurid sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Late Cretaceous, about 80 million years ago in Argentina and Uruguay in South America. Its fossils were recovered from outcrops of the Anacleto Formation around Cinco Saltos, near the Neuquén river from which its name is derived. History In 1893, Richard Lydekker named ''Titanosaurus australis'', based on a series of caudal vertebrae and limb elements. The remains had been found by Santiago Roth and F. Romero in the Neuquén Province of Argentina at the Neuquén River, and were by Lydekker assigned to a single individual. Six caudal vertebrae, with the inventory numbers MLP Ly 1-6-V-28-1, were the holotype of the species. They had probably been found in a layer of the Anacleto Formation. Some elements that had been referred to ''Titanosaurus australis'' were reassigned to '' Laplatasaurus araukanicus'' by Friedrich von Huene in 1929. The same year, von Huene named a ''Ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibirania
''Ibirania'' (meaning "Ibirá wanderer" or "tree wanderer") is a genus of dwarf saltasaurine titanosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian) São José do Rio Preto Formation ( Bauru Basin) of south-east Brazil. The type species is ''Ibirania parva''. It is one of the smallest sauropods known to date, comparable in size to the titanosaur ''Magyarosaurus''. Discovery and naming The ''Ibirania'' holotype specimen, LPP-PV-0200–0207, was discovered in layers of the São José do Rio Preto Formation on the Garcia Brothers Farm in Vila Ventura, Ibirá Municipality, northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil, which dates to the late Santonian to early Campanian ages of the late Cretaceous period. The holotype consists of a dorsal vertebra, partial caudal vertebrae, a fragmentary radius and ulna, a partial metacarpal, and a nearly complete metatarsal. Additional material, including partial cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, fragments of a fibula, and a nearly c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abditosaurus
''Abditosaurus'' (meaning "forgotten lizard") is an extinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Tremp Group of Catalonia, Spain. The type and only species is ''Abditosaurus kuehnei''. Phylogenetic analyses recover it within a clade of South American and African saltasaurines, distinct from other insular dwarf sauropods from the European archipelago. ''Abditosaurus'' inhabited the Ibero-Armorican Island, a prehistoric island made up of what is now Spain, Portugal, and southern France, and would have been the largest titanosaur species in its environment. History of study While prospecting for fossil mammals in 1954, German paleontologist Walter Georg Kühne on 25 September discovered the remains of a large titanosaur at the Orcau-1 locality of the Conques Formation of Catalonia, Spain. It was the first major sauropod find in Spain. During the initial two weeks of excavation Kühne managed to identify around ten bones, some of which wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosauridae
Lithostrotia is a clade of derived titanosaur sauropods that lived during the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The group was defined by Upchurch ''et al.'' in 2004 as the most recent common ancestor of ''Malawisaurus'' and ''Saltasaurus'' and all the descendants of that ancestor. Lithostrotia is derived from the Ancient Greek , meaning "inlaid with stones", referring to the fact that many known lithostrotians are preserved with osteoderms. However, osteoderms are not a distinguishing feature of the group, as the two noted by Unchurch ''et al.'' include caudal vertebrae with strongly concave front faces (procoely), although the farthest vertebrae are not procoelous. History of research In 1895, Richard Lydekker named the family Titanosauridae to summarize sauropods with procoelous (concave on the front) caudal vertebrae. The name Titanosauridae has since been widely used, and was defined by Salgado and colleagues (1997), Gonzalaz-Riga (2003), and Salgado (2003) as a node-based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamanasaurus
''Yamanasaurus'' (meaning "Yamana lizard") is an extinct genus of saltasaurine titanosaur dinosaur from the Río Playas Formation of Ecuador, which dates to the Maastrichtian epoch of the Cretaceous period (approximately 66.9 million years ago). The type and only species is ''Yamanasaurus lojaensis''. It is the first non-avian dinosaur described from Ecuador. The holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ..., consisting of fragments of a humerus, ulna, tibia, two sacral vertebrae and a single caudal, was discovered in 2017. References Saltasaurids Maastrichtian life Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America Cretaceous Ecuador Fossils of Ecuador Fossil taxa described in 2019 {{sauropodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Powell
Jaime Eduardo Powell (January 13, 1953 – February 1, 2016) was an Argentine paleontologist who described the titanosaur sauropod dinosaur taxa Aeolosaurus and found evidence that titanosaurs have osteoderms. Research Powell described the first convincing fossil evidence that titanosaurs Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still th ... had osteoderms. Taxa named * '' Aeolosaurus rionegrinus'' References 1953 births 2016 deaths Argentine paleontologists {{Argentina-scientist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jainosaurus
''Jainosaurus'' is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur of India and wider Asia, which lived in the Maastrichtian (approximately 68 mya (unit), million years ago). No accurate estimate of the length, height, or weight has yet been made. The humerus of the type specimen is 134 centimetres long. Etymology The specific name (zoology), specific name of ''J. septentrionalis'' means "northern" in Latin, a reference to the fact that the species was discovered on the Northern hemisphere whereas ''Antarctosaurus'' means "saurian from the Southern hemisphere" because its type species ''Antarctosaurus wichmannianus'' was found in Argentina. The generic name honours the Indian paleontologist Sohan Lal Jain, who worked on the cranial nerve impressions in the skull; and in 1982 published a study about the results. Ironically, Jain himself considered the remains synonymous with ''Titanosaurus'' in the 1997 description of ''Isisaurus''. However, Wilson and Upchurch (2003) rejected th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theropods
Theropoda (; ), whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores. Theropods first appeared during the Carnian age of the late Triassic period 231.4 million years ago ( Ma) and included all the large terrestrial carnivores from the Early Jurassic until at least the close of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma. In the Jurassic, birds evolved from small specialized coelurosaurian theropods, and are today represented by about 10,500 living species. Biology Diet and teeth Theropods exhibit a wide range of diets, from insectivores to herbivores and carnivores. Strict carnivory has always been considered the ancestral diet for theropods as a group, and a wider variety of diets was historically considered a characteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from . The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian (part of the Paleogene and Paleocene). The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event) occurred at the end of this age. In this mass extinction, many commonly recognized groups such as non-avian dinosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, as well as many other lesser-known groups, died out. The cause of the extinction is most commonly linked to an asteroid about wide colliding with Earth, ending the Cretaceous. Stratigraphic definitions Definition The Maastrichtian was introduced into scientific literature by Belgian geologist André Hubert Dumont in 1849, after studying rock strata of the Chalk Group c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
