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Salsolinol
Salsolinol is a chemical compound derived from dopamine which plays a role in neurotransmission and is neurotoxic. It has been linked to dopamine-related disorders including Parkinson's disease and alcohol use disorder. It is both synthesized in the human body and ingested in several common dietary sources. Chemistry and structure Salsolinol is a catechol isoquinoline which is a yellow solid at room temperature. Salsolinol, as a chiral molecule, comes in two enantiomers: (''R'')-salsolinol and (''S'')-salsolinol. The two may have different biological effects. The racemate can be synthesized via a Pictet-Spengler reaction. A chemoenzymatic, enantioselective synthesis of the (''R'')-enantiomer has also been reported. Salsolinol has been used as a starting material to prepare some tetrahydroisoquinoline-based prospective drugs. Biochemistry Natural occurrence Salsolinol is found in several edible plants, most prominently bananas and cocoa products as well as beer. Other pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salsolinol Metabolism
Salsolinol is a chemical compound derived from dopamine which plays a role in neurotransmission and is neurotoxic. It has been linked to dopamine-related disorders including Parkinson's disease and alcohol use disorder. It is both synthesized in the human body and ingested in several common dietary sources. Chemistry and structure Salsolinol is a catechol isoquinoline which is a yellow solid at room temperature. Salsolinol, as a chiral molecule, comes in two enantiomers: (''R'')-salsolinol and (''S'')-salsolinol. The two may have different biological effects. The racemate can be synthesized via a Pictet-Spengler reaction. A chemoenzymatic, enantioselective synthesis of the (''R'')-enantiomer has also been reported. Salsolinol has been used as a starting material to prepare some tetrahydroisoquinoline-based prospective drugs. Biochemistry Natural occurrence Salsolinol is found in several edible plants, most prominently bananas and cocoa products as well as beer. Other p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Communications
''ChemComm'' (or ''Chemical Communications''), formerly known as ''Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications'' (1969–1971), ''Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications'' (1972–1995), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. It covers all aspects of chemistry. In January 2012, the journal moved to publishing 100 issues per year. The current chair of the Editorial Board is Douglas Stephan (University of Toronto, Canada), while the executive editor is Richard Kelly. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: * Chemical Abstracts * Science Citation Index * Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences * Scopus * Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.065. See also * ''New Journal of Chemistry'' * ''Chemical Society Reviews'' * ''Chemical Science'' * ''RSC Advances ''RSC Advances'' is an online ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Neural Transmission
The ''Journal of Neural Transmission'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering clinical neurology and translational neuroscience. It was established in 1950 by Carmen Coronini and Alexander Sturm as ''Acta Neurovegetativa''. It was renamed to the ''Journal of Neuro-Visceral Relations'' in 1968 and to its current title in 1972. From 1989 to 1995, the journal was published in two sections: a "general section" and a "Parkinson's disease and dementia section." The editor-in-chief is Peter Riederer. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2019 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 3.505. References External links * Neurology journals Publications established in 1950 Monthly journals Springer Science+Business Media ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolactin
Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotropin, is a protein best known for its role in enabling mammals to produce milk. It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates, including humans. Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland in response to eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation and nursing. It is secreted heavily in pulses in between these events. Prolactin plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Discovered in non-human animals around 1930 by Oscar Riddle and confirmed in humans in 1970 by Henry Friesen, prolactin is a peptide hormone, encoded by the ''PRL'' gene. In mammals, prolactin is associated with milk production; in fish it is thought to be related to the control of water and salt balance. Prolactin also acts in a cytokine-like manner and as an important regulator of the immune system. It has important cell cycle-related functions as a growth-, differentiating- and anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
μ-opioid Receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(''mu'')-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist is morphine, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in opium. It is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that activates the Gi alpha subunit, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity, lowering cAMP levels. Structure The structure of the μ-opioid receptor has been determined with the antagonist β-FNA, the agonist BU72, and in a complex with DAMGO and Gi protein. Splice variants Three variants of the μ-opioid receptor are well characterized, though RT-PCR has identified up to 10 total splice variants in humans. Location They can exist either presynaptically or postsynaptically depending upon cell types. The μ-opioid receptors exist mostly presynaptically in the periaqueductal gray region, and in the superfi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. Etymology From the Greek αγωνιστής (agōnistēs), contestant; champion; rival < αγων (agōn), contest, combat; exertion, struggle < αγω (agō), I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive Types of agonists can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as |
Neurochemistry International
''Neurochemistry International'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in neurochemistry, including molecular and cellular neurochemistry, neuropharmacology and genetic aspects of central nervous system function, neuroimmunology, metabolism as well as the neurochemistry of neurological and psychiatric disorders of the CNS. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Michael Robinson (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 4.297. References External links * Elsevier academic journals Neurochemistry Neuroscience journals English-language journals 10 times per year journals {{neuroscience-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dopaminergic Pathways
Dopaminergic pathways (dopamine pathways, dopaminergic projections) in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. Each pathway is a set of projection neuron, projection neurons, consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons. The four major dopaminergic pathways are the mesolimbic pathway, the mesocortical pathway, the nigrostriatal pathway, and the tuberoinfundibular pathway.The mesolimbic pathway and the mesocortical pathway form the mesocorticolimbic system. Two other dopaminergic pathways to be considered are the hypothalamospinal tract and the incertohypothalamic pathway. Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders (addiction), and restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be attributed to dysfunction in specific dopaminergic pathways. The dopamine neurons of the dopaminergic pathways synthesize and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
Catechol-''O''-methyltransferase (COMT; ) is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. In humans, catechol-''O''-methyltransferase protein is encoded by the COMT gene. Two isoforms of COMT are produced: the soluble short form (S-COMT) and the membrane bound long form (MB-COMT). As the regulation of catecholamines is impaired in a number of medical conditions, several pharmaceutical drugs target COMT to alter its activity and therefore the availability of catecholamines. COMT was first discovered by the biochemist Julius Axelrod in 1957. Function Catechol-''O''-methyltransferase is involved in the inactivation of the catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). The enzyme introduces a methyl group to the catecholamine, which is donated by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Any compound having a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methyltransferase
Methyltransferases are a large group of enzymes that all methylate their substrates but can be split into several subclasses based on their structural features. The most common class of methyltransferases is class I, all of which contain a Rossmann fold for binding ''S''-Adenosyl methionine (SAM). Class II methyltransferases contain a SET domain, which are exemplified by SET domain histone methyltransferases, and class III methyltransferases, which are membrane associated. Methyltransferases can also be grouped as different types utilizing different substrates in methyl transfer reactions. These types include protein methyltransferases, DNA/RNA methyltransferases, natural product methyltransferases, and non-SAM dependent methyltransferases. SAM is the classical methyl donor for methyltransferases, however, examples of other methyl donors are seen in nature. The general mechanism for methyl transfer is a SN2-like nucleophilic attack where the methionine sulfur serves as the leavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyruvic Acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking. Chemistry In 1834, Théophile-Jules Pelouze distilled tartaric acid and isolated glutaric acid and another unknown organic acid. Jöns Jacob Berzelius characterized this other acid the following year and named pyruvic acid because it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACS Chemical Neuroscience
''ACS Chemical Neuroscience'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. It covers research on the molecular underpinnings of nerve function. The journal was established in 2010. The founding editor-in-chief was Craig W. Lindsley (Vanderbilt University), the current editor-in-chief is Jacob Hooker (Harvard Medical School). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 5.780. Types of content The journal publishes research letters, articles, and review articles A review article is an article that summarizes the current state of understanding on a topic within a certain discipline. A review article is generally considered a secondary source since it may analyze and discuss the method and conclusions .... In addition, specially commissioned articles that describe journal content and advances in neuroscience are solicited. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Acs Chemical Neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
