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Salka (Sufism)
The ''salka'' ( ar, السلكة) is a collective recitation of all sixty '' hizbs'' of the Quran done by ''murids'' and ''saliks'' in Islamic Sufism. Presentation The ''salka'' is a ''tilawa'' during the meeting of the ''murids'' in a zawiya or a mosque to continuously recite the entire Quran. ''Saliks'' and ''tolbas'' recite the ''salka'' periodically in order to demonstrate their memorization in the zawiyas and madrasas. Muslims used also to perform the ''salka'' in order to psalmody the whole Quran either for death, childbirth, marriage contract, or moving to a new residence. While the Hizb Rateb consists of reciting a ''juz''' of the Quran before or after one of the obligatory Islamic ''salawate'' (prayer), the ''salka'' consists of meeting in a place where believers continuously recite all of the sixty ''hizbs'' of the Quran from Al-Fatiha to An-Nas. Variants Depending on the season of the year, the ''salka'' can take two forms: * The ''Diurnal Salka'' ( ar, الس ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hizb Rateb
The Hizb Rateb ( ar, الحزب الراتب) is a collective recitation of Quran or dhikr or dua or Wird (Sufism), wird done by murids and saliks in islamic sufism. Presentation The ''Hizb Rateb'' is a group Tilawa (Quran), tilawa of the Quran with one voice, in mosques, Zawiya (institution), zawiyas, kuttabs and Madrasa, Quranic schools. This custom has been practised in the Maghreb countries since the tenth hijri century under the Almohad Caliphate, after Sheikh created the rules for collective reading with one tone. It has an allocated and known times, because it may be recitated after the Fajr prayer or after the Maghrib prayer. It may also be recitated before the Zuhr prayer or before the Asr prayer. Thus, in the countries of the Maghreb, the muslims used to recite the Quran together in what is known as the ''Hizb Rateb'', in line with the current custom in these states. See also *Hezzab *Bash Hezzab *Nass al-Houdhour *Salka (Sufism), Salka *Tilawa (Quran), Tilaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idjaza
An ''ijazah'' ( ar, الإِجازَة, "permission", "authorization", "license"; plural: ''ijazahs'' or ''ijazat'') is a license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such authority. It is particularly associated with transmission of Islamic religious knowledge. The license usually implies that the student has acquired this knowledge from the issuer of the ''ijaza'' through first-hand oral instruction, although this requirement came to be relaxed over time. An ''ijaza'' providing a chain of authorized transmitters going back to the original author often accompanied texts of ''hadith'', ''fiqh'' and ''tafsir''; but also appeared in mystical, historical, and philological works, as well as literary collections. While the ''ijaza'' is primarily associated with Sunni Islam, the concept also appears in the hadith traditions of Twelver Shia. George Makdisi, professor of oriental studies, theorized that the ''ijazah' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nass Al-Houdhour
The Nass al-Houdhour ( ar, ناس الحضور) are second rank Hezzabine reciting the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments. History The mosques in Algeria employ many supporting ''Hezzabine'' called ''Nass al-Houdhour'' supervised by the ''Hezzabine'' and the '' Bash Hezzab'' along with other employees who take care of these buildings of Muslim ibadah. Historically, the mosque of Djamaa el Kebir in the Casbah of Algiers was served by the mufti of Algiers assisted by two '' Imams'', under their authority are placed a '' Moudaris'', explicator of the Quran, a ''Bash Hezzab'', head of the readers, six ''Hezzabine'' of first class, twelve ''Hezzabine'' of second class and four ''Nass al-Houdhour''. During the French colonization of Algeria, the annual salary of each one of the '' Hafiz'' belonging to ''Nass al-Houdhour'' was around 5,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bash Hezzab
The Bash Hezzab ( ar, بَاشْ حَزَّاب) is the senior Hezzab supervising the Hizb Rateb and Salka in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments. History The mosques in Algeria contain many Hezzabine supervised by the ''Bash Hezzab'' along with other employees who take care of these buildings of Muslim ibadah. Historically, the Djamaâ Sidi Ramdane in the Casbah of Algiers housed one ''Bash Hezzab'' which supervised five ''Hezzabine''. The mosque of Djamaa el Kebir was served by the mufti of Algiers, assisted by two ''Imams'', under their authority are placed a '' Moudaris'', explicator of the Quran, a ''Bash Hezzab'', head of the readers, six ''Hezzabine'' of first class, and twelve ''Hezzabine'' of second class. Characteristics The ''Bash Hezzab'' should be a senior hafiz of the Quran as a whole, with the narration of Warsh recitation. As for the ''Hezzab'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezzab
The Hezzab ( ar, حَزَّاب) is the hafiz or qāriʾ supervising or participating in the Hizb Rateb in mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments. History Mosques in Algeria recruit several ''hezzabine'' as salaried employees responsible for reciting the Hizb Rateb on a daily basis, as well as the Salka periodically, under the supervision of a '' Bash Hezzab''. As an example, the had its employees such as ''Wakil'', '' Imam'' and ''Hezzab'' among others. Characteristics The ''hezzab'' should be a hafiz of the Quran as a whole, with the narration of Warsh recitation. When accomplishing the Tilawa, the condition of memorizing the entire Quran is due to the fact that it is not suitable and acceptable for him to read from the Mus'haf while he leads the group of readers ( ar, ناس الحضور) and directing them at the same time. It is good for him to obt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter
Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring. The tilt of Earth's axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. In many regions, winter brings snow and freezing temperatures. The moment of winter solstice is when the Sun's elevation with respect to the North or South Pole is at its most negative value; that is, the Sun is at its farthest below the horizon as measured from the pole. The day on which this occurs has the shortest day and the longest night, with day length increasing and night length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunset and latest sunrise dates outside the polar regions differ from the date of the winte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Night
Night (also described as night time, unconventionally spelled as "nite") is the period of ambient darkness from sunset to sunrise during each 24-hour day, when the Sun is below the horizon. The exact time when night begins and ends depends on the location and varies throughout the year, based on factors such as season and latitude. The word can be used in a different sense as the time between bedtime and morning. In common communication, the word ''night'' is used as a farewell ("good night", sometimes shortened to "night"), mainly when someone is going to sleep or leaving. Astronomical night is the period between astronomical dusk and astronomical dawn when the Sun is between 18 and 90 degrees below the horizon and does not illuminate the sky. As seen from latitudes between about 48.56° and 65.73° north or south of the Equator, complete darkness does not occur around the summer solstice because, although the Sun sets, it is never more than 18° below the horizon at lowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summer
Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, the earliest sunrise and latest sunset occurs, daylight hours are longest and dark hours are shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. Timing From an astronomical view, the equinoxes and solstices would be the middle of the respective seasons, but sometimes astronomical summer is defined as starting at the solstice, the time of maximal insolation, often identified with the 21st day of June or December. By solar reckoning, summer instead starts on May Day and the summer solstice is Midsummer. A variable seasonal lag means that the meteorological centre of the season, which is based on average temperature pattern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year (t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Season
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. On Earth, seasons are the result of the axial parallelism of Earth's tilted orbit around the Sun. In temperate and polar regions, the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, variations of which may cause animals to undergo hibernation or to migrate, and plants to be dormant. Various cultures define the number and nature of seasons based on regional variations, and as such there are a number of both modern and historical cultures whose number of seasons varies. The Northern Hemisphere experiences most direct sunlight during May, June, and July, as the hemisphere faces the Sun. The same is true of the Southern Hemisphere in November, December, and January. It is Earth's axial tilt that causes the Sun to be higher in the sky during the summer months, which increases the solar flux. However, due to seas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
An-Nas
Al-Nās or Mankind ( ar, الناس, ''an-nās'') is the 114th and last chapter (''sūrah'') of the Qur'an. It is a short six-verse invocation. : Say, "I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, : The Sovereign of mankind. : The God of mankind, : From the evil of the retreating whisperer – : Who whispers vilinto the breasts of mankind – : From among the jinn and mankind."Sahih International translationQuran 114/ref> The chapter takes its name from the word "men", "people" or "mankind" (''al-nās''), which recurs throughout the chapter. This and the preceding chapter, Al-Falaq ("Daybreak"), are known as "the Refuges" (''Al-Mu'awwidhatayn''): dealing with roughly the same theme, they form a natural pair. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which indicates a revelation in Mecca rather than Medina. Early Muslims were persecuted in Mecca where Muhammed was not a leader, and no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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