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Sabellius
Sabellius (fl. ca. 215) was a third-century priest and theologian who most likely taught in Rome, but may have been a North African from Libya. Basil and others call him a Libyan from Pentapolis, but this seems to rest on the fact that Pentapolis was a place where the teachings of Sabellius thrived, according to Dionysius of Alexandria, c. 260. What is known of Sabellius is drawn mostly from the polemical writings of his opponents. History The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' writes: It is true that it is easy to suppose Tertullian and Hippolytus to have misrepresented the opinions of their opponents, but it cannot be proved that Cleomenes was not a follower of the heretical Noetus, and that Sabellius did not issue from his school; further, it is not obvious that Tertullian would attack Callistus under a nickname. Sabellius' opposition to the emerging idea of the Trinity led to his excommunication as a heretic by Pope Callixtus I (Callistus) in AD 220. Wace and Bunsen have both sugges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabellianism
In Christianity, Sabellianism is the Western Church equivalent to Patripassianism in the Eastern Church, which are both forms of theological modalism. Condemned as heresy, Modalism is the belief that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three different ''modes'' of God, as opposed to a Trinitarian view of three distinct persons within the Godhead. However, Von Mosheim, German Lutheran theologian who founded the pragmatic school of church historians, argues that Sabellius "believed the distinction of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, described in the Scriptures, to be a real distinction, and not a mere appellative or nominal one." The term ''Sabellianism'' comes from Sabellius, who was a theologian and priest from the 3rd century. None of his writings have survived and so all that is known about him comes from his opponents. The majority believe that Sabellius held Jesus to be deity while denying the plurality of persons in God and holding a belief similar to modalistic monarchianism. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patripassianism
In Christian theology, historically patripassianism (as it is referred to in the Western church) is a version of Sabellianism in the Eastern church (and a version of modalism, modalistic monarchianism, or modal monarchism). Modalism is the belief that God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are three different ''modes'' or ''aspects'' of one monadic God, as perceived by the believer, rather than three distinct persons within the Godhead – that there are no real or substantial differences between the three, such that the identity of the Spirit or the Son is that of the Father. In the West, a version of this belief was known pejoratively as ''patripassianism'' by its critics (from Latin , "father", and , "suffering"), because the teaching required that since God the Father had become directly incarnate in Christ, the Father literally sacrificed himself on the cross. Trinitarian perspective From the standpoint of the doctrine of the Trinity—one divine being existi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modalism
Modalistic Monarchianism, also known as Modalism or Oneness Christology, is a Christian theology upholding the oneness of God as well as the divinity of Jesus; as a form of Monarchianism, it stands in contrast with Trinitarianism. Modalistic Monarchianism considers God to be one while working through or existing as the different "modes" or "manifestations" of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, without limiting his modes or manifestations. In this view, all the godhead is understood to have dwelt in Jesus from the incarnation as a manifestation of Yahweh of the Old Testament. The terms "Father" and "Son" are then used to describe the distinction between the transcendence of God and the incarnation (God in immanence). Lastly, since God is a spirit, it is held that the Holy Spirit should not be understood as a separate entity but rather to describe God in action. Modalistic Monarchianism is closely related to Sabellianism and Patripassianism, two ancient theologie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noetus
Noetus, a presbyter of the church of Asia Minor about AD 230, was a native of Smyrna, where (or perhaps in Ephesus) he became a prominent representative of the particular type of Christology now called modalistic monarchianism or patripassianism.A History of Christianity: Volume I: Beginnings to 1500: Revised Edition pg 144-146 By Kenneth S. Latourette Published by HarperCollins, 1975 ,/ref> His views, which led to his excommunication by local presbyters, are known chiefly through the writings of Hippolytus, his contemporary at Rome, where he settled and had a large following. He accepted the fourth Gospel, but regarded its statements about the Logos as allegorical. His disciple Cleomenes held that God is both invisible and visible; as visible He is the Son. The Catholic Encyclopedia notes: "It is true that it is easy to suppose Tertullian and Hippolytus to have misrepresented the opinions of their opponents". See also *Sabellius *Praxeas Praxeas was a Monarchianism, Monarchian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchianism
Monarchianism is a Christian theology that emphasizes God as one indivisible being, at Catholic Encyclopedia, newadvent.org in direct contrast to , which defines the Godhead as three coeternal, , co-immanent, and equally divine hypostases. History During the |
Homoousios
Homoousion ( ; grc, ὁμοούσιον, lit=same in being, same in essence, from , , "same" and , , "being" or "essence") is a Christian theological term, most notably used in the Nicene Creed for describing Jesus in Christianity, Jesus (God the Son) as "same in being" or "same in essence" with God the Father (). The same term was later also applied to the Holy Spirit in Christianity, Holy Spirit in order to designate him as being "same in essence" with the Father and the Son. Those notions became cornerstones of theology in Nicene Christianity, and also represent one of the most important theological concepts within the Trinitarian doctrinal understanding of God in Christianity, God. Terminology The term , the accusative case form of (, "consubstantial"), was adopted at the First Council of Nicaea (325) in order to clarify the Christology, ontology of Christ. From its Greek original, the term was translated into other languages. In Latin, which is lacking a present participle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Trinitarianism
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons sharing one ''homoousion'' (essence) "each is God, complete and whole." As the Fourth Lateran Council declared, it is the Father who begets, the Son who is begotten, and the Holy Spirit who proceeds. In this context, the three persons define God is, while the one essence defines God is. This expresses at once their distinction and their indissoluble unity. Thus, the entire process of creation and grace is viewed as a single shared action of the three divine persons, in which each person manifests the attributes unique to them in the Trinity, thereby proving that everything comes "from the Father," "through the Son," and "in the Holy Spirit." This doctrine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus Clissold
Augustus Clissold (c. 1797–1882) was an English Anglican priest. He is known as a Swedenborgian, who was active in later life publishing his views. Life Born in or about 1797, the fifth son of Stephen Clissold (1764–1834) of Stonehouse, near Stroud, Gloucestershire, he had Stephen Clissold the writer as an elder brother. He matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford on 6 December 1814, the same day as his elder brother Henry. He took the ordinary B.A. degree on 19 November 1818, proceeding M.A. on 13 June 1821. In 1821 Clissold was ordained deacon and in 1823 admitted to priest's orders by Thomas Burgess, Bishop of Salisbury. He held for some time the curacies of St Martin-in-the-Fields and St Mary, Stoke Newington. Clissold became a follower of Emanuel Swedenborg and withdrew from the Anglican ministry about 1840, but remained nominally connected with the Church of England to the end of his life. He continued to reside in Stoke Newington. He died on 30 October 1882 at his coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oneness Pentecostalism
Oneness Pentecostalism (also known as Apostolic, Jesus' Name Pentecostalism, or the Jesus Only movement) is a nontrinitarian religious movement within the Protestant Christian family of churches known as Pentecostalism. It derives its distinctive name from its teaching on the Godhead, which is popularly referred to as the Oneness doctrine, a form of Modalistic Monarchianism. This doctrine states that there is one God, a singular divine spirit with no distinction of persons who manifests himself in many ways, including as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This stands in sharp contrast to the doctrine of three distinct and eternal persons posited by Trinitarian theology. Oneness believers solely baptize in the name of Jesus Christ as opposed to the Trinitarian formula of baptizing "in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit." Oneness believers state that Jesus is the one name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and so all religious activities should be performed in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oneness Pentecostals
Oneness Pentecostalism (also known as Apostolic, Jesus' Name Pentecostalism, or the Jesus Only movement) is a nontrinitarian religious movement within the Protestant Christian family of churches known as Pentecostalism. It derives its distinctive name from its teaching on the Godhead, which is popularly referred to as the Oneness doctrine, a form of Modalistic Monarchianism. This doctrine states that there is one God, a singular divine spirit with no distinction of persons who manifests himself in many ways, including as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This stands in sharp contrast to the doctrine of three distinct and eternal persons posited by Trinitarian theology. Oneness believers solely baptize in the name of Jesus Christ as opposed to the Trinitarian formula of baptizing "in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit." Oneness believers state that Jesus is the one name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and so all religious activities should be performed in that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subordinationist
Subordinationalism is a Trinity, Trinitarian doctrine, where the God the Son, Son (and sometimes the Holy Spirit in Christianity, Holy Spirit included) are subordinate to the God the Father, Father. Not only in submission and role, but with actual ontological subordination to varying degrees. Subordinationism is defined as hierarchical rankings of the persons of the Trinity, implying ontological subordination of the persons of the Son and the Holy Spirit. Subordinationism was condemned in the Second Council of Constantinople, second council of Constantinople. Subordinationism is not to be confused with Arianism, as Subordinationism has been generally viewed as closer to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan view. While Arianism was developed out of subordinationism, it did not confess the personality of the Holy Spirit and the eternity of the Son. History Ante-Nicene According to Badcock, virtually all orthodox theologians prior to the Arian controversy in the latter half of the four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraclete
Paraclete ( grc, παράκλητος, la, paracletus) means 'advocate' or 'helper'. In Christianity, the term ''paraclete'' most commonly refers to the Holy Spirit. Etymology ''Paraclete'' comes from the Koine Greek word (). A combination of ('beside/alongside') and ('to call'), the word first appears in the Bible in John 14:16.Kieffer, René, "John," in John Barton and John Muddiman, eds., ''The Oxford Bible Commentary''. Oxford University Press, 2007, 987. René Kieffer further explains the development of the meaning of this term: Latin etymological precedent Lochlan Shelfer suggests that the Greek term is a translation of the preceding Latin term : In Classical Greek The term is not common in non-Jewish texts. The best known use is by Demosthenes: ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', apart from Demosthenes (above) cites also the example of a slave summoned as a help. In Judaism Philo speaks several times of "paraclete" advocates primarily in the sense of hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
