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Sa'd Al-Din Köpek
Sa’d al-Din Köpek ( ar, سعد الدين كوبك بن محمد, Sa’d al-Dīn Kobek bin Muhammad; tr, Sadettin Köpek, died 1238) was a court administrator under two 13th century Seljuq Sultans of Rum and is known for his indirect role in the subjugation of the Sultanate of Rum by the Mongol Empire due to his disloyalty and aim for greater power during the turbulent 13th century in Anatolia. He served as Master of the Hunt and Minister of Works under Kayqubad I and, after in the latter capacity, supervised the construction of Kubadabad Palace on the shore of Lake Beyşehir. Biography Köpek, as an advisor to Kayqubad's successor Kaykhusraw II, grew his influence considerably. His first aim was to secure the reign of the new sultan. He had Kaykhusraw's two half-brothers strangled along with their mother, an Ayyubid princess, but he did not become successful, was later killed by Husam al-Din Qaraja, and was hanged on the Seljuk palace walls for treason. It was also known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The feminine form is emira ( '), a cognate for "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of religion) organisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Beyşehir
Lake Beyşehir ( tr, Beyşehir Gölü; anciently, Carallis or Karallis ( grc, Κάραλλις), or Caralis or Karalis (Κάραλις)) is a large freshwater lake in Isparta and Konya provinces in southwestern Turkey. It is located at around and is the largest freshwater lake in Turkey. It has an area of 650 km² and is 45 km long and 20 km wide. It carries the same name as the principal urban centre of its region, Beyşehir. Anciently, it was considered part of ancient Isauria. The lake is fed by streams flowing from the Sultan Mountains and the Anamas Mountains. The water level in the lake often fluctuates by year and by season. Lake Beyşehir is used for irrigation and aquaculture, although it is also a national park. There are thirty-two islets in varying sizes in the lake. Lake Beyşehir is also an important site for many bird species. The maximum depth is 10 metres. Water in the lake was at its lowest level during the period 1960-1990 in October 1975 at 112 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İslâm Ansiklopedisi
The ''İslâm Ansiklopedisi'' (İA) () is a Turkish academic encyclopedia for Islamic studies published by ' ( eng, Turkish Religious Foundation). Its most recent 44-volume edition, called ''Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi'' (''TDV İA'' or ''DİA''), was completed between 1988 and 2013, with two supplementary volumes published in 2016. It contains 16,855 articles in total. Its content is available on its website for free. Edition history Initially, in 1939, the ''İA'' was proposed to be a translation of the first ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (EI1, 1913–1938) into the Turkish language because the EI1 had only been introduced in English, French and German. However, while preparing the İslâm Ansiklopedisi many articles of the EI1 were revised, expanded and corrected, and the work ultimately "had the dual purpose of amending Orientalist scholarship and elaborating on the Turkish contribution to Islamic tradition". The result was that the İslâm Ansiklopedis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carole Hillenbrand
Carole Hillenbrand, (born 1943), is a British Islamic scholar who is Emerita Professor in Islamic History at the University of Edinburgh and Professor of Islamic History at the University of St Andrews. She is the Vice-President of the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies and a Member of the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics. Early life Hillenbrand was born in 1943 in England. In 1962, she enrolled at Girton College, Cambridge, where she studied modern languages. She then attended Somerville College at Oxford, where she studied Arabic and Turkish. Academic career Hillenbrand gained a BA in Modern and Medieval Languages from the University of Cambridge in 1965 and a BA in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford in 1972. She earned her PhD at the University of Edinburgh in 1979. Her thesis, ''The history of the Jazira 1100–1150: the contribution of Ibn Al-Azraq al-Fariqi'', analysed and translated a pair of British Library manuscripts of a text by the 12th-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Cahen
Claude Cahen (26 February 1909 – 18 November 1991) was a 20th-century French Marxist orientalist and historian. He specialized in the studies of the Islamic Middle Ages, Muslim sources about the Crusades, and social history of the medieval Islamic society (works on Futuwa orders). Claude Cahen was born in Paris to a French Jewish family.Ira M. Lapidus, review of Curiel and Gyselen (1995), ''Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient'' 39.2 (1996), pp. 189-90 After studying at the École Normale Supérieure on the rue d'Ulm, he attended the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, receiving a doctorate in 1940. He was a professor at the University of Strasbourg from 1945 to 1959 and then at the Sorbonne; in 1967 he was invited to teach at the University of Michigan, and in 1973, he was elected to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. He was later elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1983. Cahen was married and had six child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ertuğrul
Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Gazi ( ota, ارطغرل, Erṭoġrıl; tk, ; died ) was a 13th century bey, who was the father of Osman I. Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians) of the Oghuz Turks (known as Turkomans by then). These Turkomans fled from western Central Asia to Anatolia to escape the Mongol conquests, but he may instead have been the son of Gündüz Alp. According to this legend, after the death of his father, Ertuğrul and his followers entered the service of the Sultanate of Rum, for which he was rewarded with dominion over the town of Söğüt on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire. This set off the chain of events that would ultimately lead to the founding of the Ottoman Empire. Biography Nothing is known with certainty about Ertuğrul's life, other than that he was the father of Osman; historians are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anadolu Agency
Anadolu Agency ( tr, Anadolu Ajansı, ; abbreviated AA) is a state-run news agency headquartered in Ankara, Turkey. History The Anadolu Agency was founded in 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence by the order of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. As the empire's capital – İstanbul – was under the caliph's control, all newspapers were also under the caliph's rule along with British occupiers, and it was necessary for the revolutionary government to establish a communication and news network for Anatolia and Rumeli. Journalist Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu and writer Halide Edip, fleeing the occupied capital, met in Geyve and concluded that a new Turkish press agency was needed. The agency was officially launched on April 6, 1920, 17 days before the Turkish Grand National Assembly convened for the first time. It announced the first legislation passed by the Assembly, which established the Republic of Turkey. After the Justice and Development Party (AKP) took power, AA and the Turkish R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aksaray
Aksaray (, Koine Greek: Ἀρχελαΐς ''Arhelays'', Medieval Greek: Κολώνεια ''Koloneya'', Ancient Greek: Γαρσάουρα ''Garsaura'') is a city in the Central Anatolia Region, Turkey, Central Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Aksaray Province. In 2020 the province had an estimated population of 423,011 distributed over about . The average elevation is , with the highest point being Mount Hasan, Mt. Hasan (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Hasan Dağı'') at . The city of Aksaray has a long history and was an important stopover point on the Silk Road that transited Anatolia for centuries. It is a pleasant small city with the Melendiz River, Melendiz river running through it and several monuments dating back to the pre-Ottoman era as well as some impressive examples of government buildings from the early Turkish Republic that are gathered around the main square. The nearest airport is Nevşehir Kapadokya Airport, Kapadokya Nevşehir Airport (NAV) which is 62 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caravanserai
A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was a roadside inn where travelers ( caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, most notably the Silk Road. Often located along rural roads in the countryside, urban versions of caravanserais were also historically common in cities throughout the Islamic world, and were often called other names such as ''khan'', ''wikala'', or ''funduq''. Terms and etymology Caravanserai Caravanserai ( fa, کاروانسرای, ''kārvānsarāy''), is the Persian compound word variant combining ''kārvān'' " caravan" with ''-sarāy'' "palace", "building with enclosed courts". Here "caravan" means a group of traders, pilgrims or other travellers, engaged in long-distance travel. The word is also rendered as ''caravansary'', ''caravansaray'', ''caravanseray'', ''caravansara'', and ''caravansa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diyar Mudar
Diyar Mudar ( ar, دِيَارُ مُضَرَ, Diyār Muḍar, abode of Mudar) is the medieval Arabic name of the westernmost of the three provinces of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Bakr and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiya I in the course of the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Mudar was settled by the Mudar tribe. Diyar Mudar encompasses the region on both banks of the middle course of the river Euphrates, from the area of Samosata to the town of Anah, and includes the area of the Balikh River and the lower reaches of the river Khabur. Its main cities were Raqqa in the south and Edessa (al-Ruha in Arabic) in the north, and other major cities included Harran, and Saruj (now Suruç). Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Mudar was usually part of al-Jazira. In the mid-10th century, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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