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SM-4 SAM
The SM-4 (CM-4) is a PDP-11/40 compatible system, manufactured in the Eastern Bloc in the 1980s. It was very popular in science and technology. They were manufactured in the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Hungary, beginning in 1975. The standard configuration includes 128 or 256 KB core memory, tape puncher, two RK-05 removable 2.5 MB disks and two RK-05F fixed disks, two TU-10 drives and Videoton (company), Videoton VDT-340 terminals (VT52 non-compatible). The SM-4 processor operates at 900,000 operations per second. The SM-series also includes the SM-3. The SM-3 lacks floating point processing, similar to DEC's PDP 11/40 and 11/34 models. In early production, ferrite core memory is used. It operates at 200,000 operations per second in register-to-register operation. Operating systems commonly used include: * RT-11 (Rafos after partial translation) * RSTS/E * RSX-11 * DSM-11 (DIAMS after partial translations) * DEMOS and MNOS (operating system), MNOS The SM-4 was manufactured in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDP-11
The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sold, making it one of DEC's most successful product lines. The PDP-11 is considered by some experts to be the most popular minicomputer. The PDP-11 included a number of innovative features in its instruction set and additional general-purpose registers that made it much easier to program than earlier models in the PDP series. Further, the innovative Unibus system allowed external devices to be easily interfaced to the system using direct memory access, opening the system to a wide variety of peripherals. The PDP-11 replaced the PDP-8 in many real-time computing applications, although both product lines lived in parallel for more than 10 years. The ease of programming of the PDP-11 made it very popular for general-purpose computing uses also. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEMOS
Demos may refer to: Computing * DEMOS, a Soviet Unix-like operating system * DEMOS (ISP), the first internet service provider in the USSR * Demos Commander, an Orthodox File Manager for Unix-like systems * plural for Demo (computer programming) Organizations * Demos (UK think tank), London-based public policy research organisation and publisher * Demos (U.S. think tank), a public policy research and advocacy organization * DEMOS (Republika Srpska), a political party in Republika Srpska * DEMOS (Montenegro), a parliamentary political party in Montenegro * DEMOS (Slovenia), a coalition of democratic political parties in Slovenia * Demos Medical Publishing, a publisher of books on medical subjects * Solidary Democracy, a political party in Italy * Democracy and Solidarity Party, a political party in Romania Arts and entertainment * ''Demos'' (film), a 1921 silent film * ''Demos'' (novel), an 1886 novel by George Gissing * ''Demos Journal'', an Australian literary and political jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minicomputers
A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller general purpose computers that developed in the mid-1960s and sold at a much lower price than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitors. In a 1970 survey, ''The New York Times'' suggested a consensus definition of a minicomputer as a machine costing less than (), with an input-output device such as a teleprinter and at least four thousand words of memory, that is capable of running programs in a higher level language, such as Fortran or BASIC. The class formed a distinct group with its own software architectures and operating systems. Minis were designed for control, instrumentation, human interaction, and communication switching as distinct from calculation and record keeping. Many were sold indirectly to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for final end use application. During the two decade lifetime of the minicomputer class (1965–1985), almost 100 companies formed and only a half ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Soviet Computer Systems
This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means “electronic computing machine” (russian: электронная вычислительная машина). List of hardware The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means “electronic computing machine” (russian: электронная вычислительная машина). Ministry of Radio Technology Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology: * Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone * ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone * ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible * M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers * Minsk (Минск) * Poisk ( Поиск) — IBM PC XT clone * Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer. * Strela (Стрела) * Ural (Урал) — mainframe series * Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц) Ministry of Instrument Making Computer systems from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SM EVM
SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ, abbreviation of Система Малых ЭВМ—literally System of Mini Computers) are several types of Soviet and Comecon minicomputers produced from 1975 through the 1980s. Most types of SM EVM are clones of DEC PDP-11 and VAX. SM-1 and SM-2 are clones of Hewlett-Packard minicomputers. The common operating systems for the PDP-11 clones are translated versions of RSX-11 (ОС РВ) for the higher spec models and RT-11 (РАФОС, ФОДОС) for lower spec models. Also available for the high-end PDP-11 clones is MOS, a clone of UNIX. See also * SM-4 * SM-1420 The SM-1420 (CM-1420) is a 16 bit DEC PDP-11/45 minicomputer clone, and the successor to SM-4 in Soviet Bloc countries. Under the direction of Minpribor it was produced in the Soviet Union and Bulgaria from 1983 onwards, and is more than twice as f ... * SM-1600 * SM-1710 * SM-1720 References Computer-related introductions in 1975 Minicomputers Soviet computer systems PDP-11 {{m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian invasion, it was the eighth-most populous country in Europe, with a population of around 41 million people. It is also bordered by Belarus to the north; by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city. Ukraine's state language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south. During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by population within city limits, seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural center in Eastern Europe. It is home to many High tech, high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and historical landmarks. The city has an extensive system of Transport in Kyiv, public transport and infrastructure, including the Kyiv Metro. The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders. During History of Kyiv, its history, Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century. A Slavs, Slavic settlement on the great trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minpribor
The Ministry of Instrument-Making, Automation Devices and Control Systems (Minpribor; russian: Министерство приборостроения, средств автоматизации и систем управления) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union. Established in 1959 as State Committee for Automation and Machine Building; it assumed its ministerial title in 1965; oversees development and integration into industry of automated control systems. The ministry developed and manufactured systems for industrial control, planning and management. List of ministers ''Source'': * Konstantin Rudnev (2.10.1965 - 19.4.1979) * Anatoli Kostousov (26.7.1974 - 19.4.1979) * Konstantin Rudnev Konstantin Rudnev (1911–1980) was a Soviet politician who held various cabinet and public posts. He was the long-term minister of instrument making, automated equipment, and control systems between 1965 and 1980. He played a significant role in ... (19.4.1979 - 1.7.1980) * Mikh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minsk
Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk District (raion). As of January 2021, its population was 2 million, making Minsk the 11th most populous city in Europe. Minsk is one of the administrative capitals of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). First documented in 1067, Minsk became the capital of the Principality of Minsk before being annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1242. It received town privileges in 1499. From 1569, it was the capital of the Minsk Voivodeship, an administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of a region annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793, as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland. From 1919 to 1991, aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SM-1420
The SM-1420 (CM-1420) is a 16 bit DEC PDP-11/45 minicomputer clone, and the successor to SM-4 in Soviet Bloc countries. Under the direction of Minpribor it was produced in the Soviet Union and Bulgaria from 1983 onwards, and is more than twice as fast as its predecessor. Its closest western counterpart is the DEC PDP-11/45, which means that the Soviet technology trailed 11 years behind compared to the Digital Equipment Corporation equivalent machine. The standard package includes 256 KiB MOS memory, two RK-06 disks, two TU-10 decks, CM-6315 barrel or DZM-180 dot-matrix printer from Mera Blonie (Poland), VT52 compatible or VTA-2000-15 (BTA 2000-15) VT100 compatible terminals from Mera Elzab. See also *History of computing in the Soviet Union *List of Soviet computer systems *SM EVM SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ, abbreviation of Система Малых ЭВМ—literally System of Mini Computers) are several types of Soviet Union, Soviet and Comecon minicomputers produced from 1975 thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MNOS (operating System)
MNOS (MobilNaya Operatsionnaya Sistema, МобильНая Операционная Система (МНОС), or Portable Operating System) is a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union. Overview The system is derived from Version 6 Unix and then modified to incorporate features of Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix. From 1983 until 1986, it enjoyed popularity in the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries, due to its small size and faster performance than that of other Version 7 Unix (and later BSD Unix-based) alternatives. Its development began in the IPK Minavtoproma in Moscow in 1981, and continued in cooperation with other institutes, including Kurchatov Institute. ''MNOS'' and its alternative, ''DEMOS'' version 1.x, were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990 resulting in the joint OS, ''DEMOS'' version 2.x. ''MNOS'' became the first fully bilingual version of Unix, and uses a proprietary 8-bit Cyrillic script character set, U-code, which was dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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