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SA-5 Gammon
The NPO Almaz S-200 ''Angara/Vega/Dubna'' (), NATO reporting name SA-5 '' Gammon'' (initially ''Tallinn''), is a long-range, high-altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s to defend large areas from high-altitude bombers or other targets. In Soviet service, these systems were deployed primarily on the battalion level, with six launchers and a fire control radar. The S-200 can be linked to other longer-range radar systems. Background After trials of the S-25 Berkut in 1955, the Soviet Union started development of the RS-25 Dal long-range missile system with the V-400/5V11 missile. It was initially assigned the "SA-5" designation in the West and codenamed "Griffon", but the project was abandoned in 1964. The SA-5 designation was then assigned to the S-200. Description At the height of the Cold War, nuclear-armed B-52s flew around the Warsaw Pact territory on a continuous patrol. In the event of a nuclear conflict, these bombers we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bomber
A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch aerial torpedo, torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles. There are two major classifications of bomber: strategic and tactical. Strategic bombing is done by heavy bombers primarily designed for long-range bombing missions against strategic targets to diminish the enemy's ability to wage war by limiting access to resources through crippling infrastructure, reducing industrial output, or inflicting massive civilian casualties to an extent deemed to force surrender. Tactical bombing is aimed at countering enemy military activity and in supporting offensive operations, and is typically assigned to smaller aircraft operating at shorter ranges, typically near the troops on the ground or against enemy shipping. Bombs were first dropped from an aircraft during the Italo-Turkish War, with the first major deployments coming in the World War I, First World War and World War II, Seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-400 Missile System
The S-400 Triumf ( – Triumf; translation: Triumph; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as the S-300 PMU-3, is a mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed in the 1990s by Russia's NPO Almaz as an upgrade to the S-300 missile system, S-300 family of missiles. The S-400 was approved for service on 28 April 2007 and the first battalion of the systems assumed combat duty on 6 August 2007. The system is complemented by its successor, the S-500 missile system, S-500. Development The development of the S-400 began in the early 1980s to replace the S-200 missile system, S-200 missile system, but was rejected by a state commission due to high cost and inability to address the threat of cruise missiles. In the late 1980s, the programme was revived in under the codename Triumf as a system capable of engaging aircraft at long range plus cruise missiles and stealth aircraft. The Soviet government approved the Truimf programme on 22 August 1991, but the collap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyad-2
Sayyad (, Hunter) is a series of solid-fuel missile, solid fuel surface-to-air missiles (SAM) manufactured by Iran. Sayyad-1 Sayyad-1 is an Iranian variant of the Chinese HQ-2 SAM using some domestic components. Sayyad-2 The Sayyad-2 is a canister-launched, reverse engineered version of the RIM-66 Standard Missile (SM-1) naval surface-to-air missile that Iran obtained from the United States before the Iranian Revolution, 1979 revolution. It is an upgraded version of the Sayyad-1 system with higher precision, range and defensive power. The range of the Sayyad-2 missile is not known. Different sources claim various numbers, from 60 km to 120 km. After the unveiling ceremony in November 2013, it became clear that the Sayyad-2 missile looked similar to the RIM-67 Standard, SM-2 Standard SAM missile but its control fins were similar to the Iranian medium-range Taer-2, TAER-2 SAM missile. It was also announced that it will have cooperation with the S-200 system via TAL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashregh News
Mashregh News (, ) is a non-governmental news website based in Tehran, Iran. It has been described as "close to the security and intelligence organizations" but till now there have been no clear documents to prove claims. Mashregh News often breaks stories of international interest. The agency is known for censoring and altering news images. In 2011, when Sarah Shourd was released from an Iranian prison, Mashregh News blurred the areas of her breasts and arms in photos of her. History In 2010, Mashregh News announced the 19-1/2 year prison sentence given to dissident Canadian-Iranian blogger Hossein Derakhshan. According to Mashregh News, Derakhshan was "convicted of cooperating with enemy states, making propaganda against the Islamic system of government, promoting small anti-revolutionary groups, managing obscene web sites and insulting Islamic sanctities". In January, 2012, Mashregh News broke the story of the six-month prison sentence given to women's rights activist Faezeh Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliographisches Institut
The was a German publishing company founded 1826 in Gotha (town), Gotha by Joseph Meyer (publisher), Joseph Meyer. It moved to Hildburghausen in 1828 and to Leipzig in 1874. Its production over the years includes such well-known titles as (encyclopaedias, since 1839, see ), (animal life, 1863–1869, 4th ed. 1911–1918); (dictionaries on every aspect of the language, since 1880); (guide books, 1862–1936); (literature); atlases (, ); newspapers (); and others. In 2022, the was fully integrated into Cornelsen Verlag and thus ceased to exist. The buildings of the company were completely destroyed by the bombing raids on Leipzig 1943/1944; the company itself was expropriated by the communist regime of East Germany in 1946 and turned into a publicly owned enterprise (). The shareholders moved the company to Mannheim in West Germany in 1953 (). Titles like , , and appeared again. In Leipzig remained the , operating in the same field, publishing , etc. In 1984 amalgam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duden
The Duden () is a dictionary of the Standard High German language, first published by Konrad Duden in 1880, and later by Bibliographisches Institut GmbH, which was merged into Cornelsen Verlag in 2022. The Duden is updated regularly with new editions appearing every four or five years. , it is in its 29th edition. It is printed as twelve volumes, with each volume covering different aspects of the German language such as loanwords, etymology, pronunciation, synonyms, etc. The first of these volumes, ' ( English: The German orthography), has long been the prescriptive source for Standard High German spelling. The Duden has become the most widely used language resource of the Standard High German language, stating the rules regarding grammar, spelling and use of Standard High German language. In Austria, the Österreichisches Wörterbuch takes that role. History Konrad Duden's Schleizer Duden (1872) and Urduden (1880) In 1872, Konrad Duden, then headmaster of a ' (seconda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius, who had previously created the Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defense Technical Information Center
The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC, ) is the repository for research and engineering information for the United States Department of Defense (DoD). DTIC's services are available to DoD personnel, federal government personnel, federal contractors and selected academic institutions. The general public can access unclassified information through its public website. History The DTIC traces its history to the June 1945 formation of the Air Documents Research Center (ADRC), a joint effort of the US Army Air Force, US Navy and Royal Air Force to build a single collection of captured German aeronautical research, based in London. The ADRC was initially tasked with the sorting of the document collection into three broad groups; documents that would assist the war in the Pacific theater, documents of immediate intelligence interest to the United States or British forces and documents of interest for future research. With the ending of the war in 1945, the ADRC moved to Wrig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air University (United States Air Force)
Air University is a Professional Military Education, professional military education university system of the United States Air Force. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award master's degrees. Organizations ;Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) ;Carl A. Spaatz Center for Officer Education :USAF Air War College (AWC) :Air Command and Staff College (ACSC) :Squadron Officer School (SOS) :International Officers School (IOS) :School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS) :USAF Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies ;Curtis E. Lemay Center for Doctrine Development & Education ;Ira C. Eaker College for Professional Development :Air Force Chaplain Corps College :Air Force Personnel Professional Development School :Commanders' Professional Development School :Defense Financial Management & Comptroller School :National Security Space Institute :Civilian Leadership Development School ;Jeanne M. Holm Center for Off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronautix
The ''Encyclopedia Astronautica'' is a reference web site on space travel. The encyclopedia includes 79,433 articles with 13,741 illustrations, a comprehensive catalog of missiles, spacecraft, space technology, astronauts, and spaceflight from most countries that have had an active rocket research program. It provides biographies of important pioneers of spaceflight such as Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Hermann Oberth Robert Goddard. It outlines various concepts of space stations including the NASA Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran programme. Articles In addition, the encyclopedia contains many comprehensive review articles on specific space topics, among them: * ''Germany'' incl. an extensive list of German missile specialists who worked for USA, USSR and France after World War II. * ''Russia - Early Ballistic Missiles'' with a history of the involvement of German rocket specialists in Soviet rocketry. * ''Russia: The Real Moon Landing Hoax'' about the Space Race. * ''Russia: Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
