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Rychvald
( pl, , german: Reichwaldau) is a town in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,600 inhabitants. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. History The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' from 1305 as ''Richinwalde''. The village could have been founded during the colonization by Benedictine monks from the Orlová monastery, probably at the end of the 13th century. Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. The village became a seat of a Catholic parish, mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen deaconry as ''Reychenwald''. In 1573, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frysztat County
Frysztat County () was an administrative territorial entity of the Second Polish Republic. Named after its capital in the town of Frysztat (now Fryštát district of the town Karviná, Czech Republic), it was part of Silesian Voivodeship, and existed from October 1938 until German Invasion of Poland in September 1939. The county had four towns: Frysztat, Bogumin Nowy, Karwina and Orłowa. In early October 1938, the government in Warsaw sent an ultimatum to Prague, demanding the return of the region of Zaolzie, which the Czechs had annexed in 1919-20. Czechoslovak government agreed, and units of the Polish Army entered the region, annexing an area of 801.5 km2 with a population of 227,399 people. Polish government divided Zaolzie into two counties - Frysztat and West Cieszyn. On October 27, 1938, Frysztat County officially became part of Silesian Voivodeship, on the same day, West Cieszyn County was merged with Cieszyn County. On January 31, 1939, Frysztat County was expanded b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karviná District
Karviná District ( cs, okres Karviná, pl, powiat Karwina) is a district ('' okres'') within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the city of Karviná. It was created by 1960 reform of administrative divisions in the area of former Fryštát District. Karviná District is part of Czech Silesia. The Karviná District is facing a fast population decline. The population decreased between 2010 and 2019. In 2019, there was 23,445 people (8.6%). Complete list of municipalities Albrechtice – Bohumín – Český Těšín – Chotěbuz – Dětmarovice – Dolní Lutyně – Doubrava – Havířov – Horní Bludovice – Horní Suchá – Karviná – Orlová – Petrovice u Karviné – Petřvald – Rychvald – Stonava – Těrlicko Těrlicko (; pl, , german: Tierlitzko) is a municipality in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. Administrative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orlová Monastery
The Orlová monastery ( cs, benediktinský klášter v Orlové, pl, klasztor benedyktynów w Orłowej) was a Benedictine abbey established around 1268 in what is now a town of Orlová in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. History Orlová was first mentioned in a written document in 1227 issued by Pope Gregory IX for the Benedictine abbey in Tyniec. Another his letter from 1229 listed surrounding villages as belonging to the Tyniec abbey: Těrlicko, Doubrava, Chotěbuz, Lacbanty (nowadays unknown), Orlová, Slezská Ostrava, Puńców, Vrbice, Záblatí, Žukov and a few others lying in castellany of Racibórz. Probably back then the monks had built a first chapel in Orlová. Politically the area belonged then to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, close to the Ostravice river, which was in 1261 agreed by a special treaty to be a local border between Upper Silesia and Moravia. In order to strengthen it Władysław Opolski in 1268 decided to found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
Obec (plural: ''obce'') is the Czech language, Czech and Slovak language, Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is "Intentional community, commune" or "community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition Legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastre, cadastral areas. Every municipality is composed of one or more administrative parts, usually called town parts or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost whole area of the republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fee (feudal Tenure)
A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal allegiance, services and/or payments. The fees were often lands, land revenue or revenue-producing real property like a watermill, held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting, fishing or felling trees, monopolies in trade, money rents and tax farms. There never did exist one feudal system, nor did there exist one type of fief. Over the ages, depending on the region, there was a broad variety of customs using the same basic legal principles in many variations. Terminology In ancient Rome, a "benefice" (from the Latin noun , meaning "benefit") was a gift of land ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of the First World War. The Second Republic ceased to exist in 1939, when Invasion of Poland, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of World War II, European theatre of the Second World War. In 1938, the Second Republic was the sixth largest country in Europe. According to the Polish census of 1921, 1921 census, the number of inhabitants was 27.2 million. By 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, this had grown to an estimated 35.1 million. Almost a third of the population came from minority groups: 13.9% Ruthenians; 10% Ashkenazi Jews; 3.1% Belarusians; 2.3% Germans and 3.4% Czechs and Lithuanians. At the same time, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaolzie
Trans-Olza ( pl, Zaolzie, ; cs, Záolží, ''Záolší''; german: Olsa-Gebiet; Cieszyn Silesian: ''Zaolzi''), also known as Trans-Olza Silesia (Polish: ''Śląsk Zaolziański''), is a territory in the Czech Republic, which was disputed between Poland and Czechoslovakia during the Interwar Period. Its name comes from the Olza River. The Trans-Olza region was created in 1920, when Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland. Trans-Olza forms the eastern part of the Czech portion of Cieszyn Silesia. The division did not satisfy any side, and persisting conflict over the region led to its annexation by Poland in October 1938, following the Munich Agreement. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the area became a part of Nazi Germany until 1945. After the war, the 1920 borders were restored. Historically, the largest specified ethnic group inhabiting this area were Poles. Under Austrian rule, Cieszyn Silesia was initially divided into three (Bielitz, Friedek and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, Germany, the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Italy. It provided "cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory" of First Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia, despite the existence of a 1924 alliance agreement and 1925 military pact between France and the Czechoslovak Republic, for which it is also known as the Munich Betrayal (; ). Most of Europe celebrated the Munich agreement, which was presented as a way to prevent a major war on the continent. The four powers agreed to German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the German annexation of the Czechoslovak borderland areas named the Sudetenland, where more than three million people, mainly Sudeten Germans, ethnic Germans, lived. Adolf Hitler announced that it was his last territorial claim in Northern Europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)
The First Czechoslovak Republic ( cs, První československá republika, sk, Prvá česko-slovenská republika), often colloquially referred to as the First Republic ( cs, První republika, Slovak: ''Prvá republika''), was the first Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1938, a union of ethnic Czechs and Slovaks. The country was commonly called Czechoslovakia (Czech and sk, Československo), a compound of ''Czech'' and ''Slovak''; which gradually became the most widely used name for its successor states. It was composed of former territories of Austria-Hungary, inheriting different systems of administration from the formerly Austrian ( Bohemia, Moravia, a small part of Silesia) and Hungarian territories (mostly Upper Hungary and Carpathian Ruthenia). After 1933, Czechoslovakia remained the only ''de facto'' functioning democracy in Central Europe, organized as a parliamentary republic. Under pressure from its Sudeten German minority, supported by neighbouring Nazi G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Czechoslovak War
The Poland–Czechoslovakia War, also known mostly in Czech sources as the Seven-day war ( cs, Sedmidenní válka) was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland over the territory of Cieszyn Silesia in early 1919. After a vain protest by the Czechoslovak government against action in breach of the Interim Agreement, they attacked the part of Cieszyn Silesia held by Polish forces to prevent elections to the Polish Sejm in the disputed territory and the local population's contributions to the Polish army. The Czechoslovak army made rapid advancements, capturing most of Cieszyn Silesia by the end of January. The bulk of the Polish army was engaged in the Polish–Ukrainian War at the time, and the Polish forces faced a numerically superior and better equipped Czech Army in Cieszyn Silesia. The attack was halted under pressure from the Entente. The result of the war was the new demarcation line, which expanded the territory controlled by Czechoslovakia. It led to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deacon
A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. Major Christian churches, such as the Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Scandinavian Lutheran Churches, the Methodist Churches, the Anglican Communion, and the Free Church of England, view the diaconate as an order of ministry. Origin and development The word ''deacon'' is derived from the Greek word (), which is a standard ancient Greek word meaning "servant", "waiting-man", "minister", or "messenger". It is generally assumed that the office of deacon originated in the selection of seven men by the apostles, among them Stephen, to assist with the charitable work of the early church as recorded in Acts of the Apostles chapter 6. The title ''deaconess'' ( grc, διακόνισσα, diakónissa, label=none) is not found in the Bible. Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
