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Russian Dobruja Army (World War I)
The Dobruja Army was a World War I Russian, Romanian and Serbian field army that fought on the Romanian Front. Field management was established in August 1916. The army was based primarily on the newly established 47th Army Corps and was sent to Romania to help defend Dobruja from a Bulgarian-German attack from the south. The core of the Dobruja Army was the 47th Russian Army Corps. The Commander of the Army was General Andrei Zayonchkovski. The components of the Army were: * The 47th Army Corps. * Separate Romanian and Serbian divisions. The Dobruja Army was disbanded in October 1916 after the loss of the Cernavodă–Constanța line (following the Second Battle of Cobadin) and became part of the Russian Danube Army. References See also * List of Russian armies in World War I List of Russian armies in World War I This page is a list of Russian army formations existing during World War I. * 1st Army * 2nd Army * 3rd Army * 4th Army * 5th Army * 6th Army * 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Zayonchkovski
Andrei Medardovich Zayonchkovsky (russian: Андре́й Меда́рдович Зайончко́вский) ( – 22 March 1926) commanded the defence of the Romanian-Bulgarian border in Dobruja upon Romania's entry into World War I in August 1916. Biography After graduation from the Nicholas School of Military Engineering (Nikolaevskoe Inzhenernoe Uchilishche) in 1882, Zayonchkovsky served in the 5th Sapper Battalion. In 1888 he graduated from the General Staff Academy and served in various staff positions. During the Russo-Japanese War he commanded the 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment and the 2nd brigade of the 3rd Siberian Infantry Division. During World War I Zayonchkovsky commanded first the 30th Army Corps. Following Romania's entry into the war on 27 August 1916, he commanded the Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in charge of defending Dobruja against the Central Powers. He was relieved by general Dmitry Shcherbachev in April 1917 and was in retirement by the time of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Established In 1916
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armies Of The Russian Empire
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. In some countries, such as France and China, the term "army", especially in its plural form "armies", has the broader meaning of armed forces as a whole, while retaining the colloquial sense of land forces. To differentiate the colloquial army from the formal concept of military force, the term is qualified, for example in France the land force is called ''Armée de terre'', meaning Land Army, and the air and space force is called ''Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Russian Armies In World War I
List of Russian armies in World War I This page is a list of Russian army formations existing during World War I. * 1st Army * 2nd Army * 3rd Army * 4th Army * 5th Army * 6th Army * 7th Army * 8th Army * 9th Army * 10th Army * 11th Army * 12th Army * 13th Army * Caucasus Army * Dobruja Army * Danube Army * Special Army See also * List of armies * Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914) This article lists Imperial Russian Army formations and units in 1914 prior to World War I mobilisation for the Russian invasion of Prussia and the liberation Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia. The prewar chain of command was: military distr ... {{DEFAULTSORT:List of Russian Armies In WWI Russian Empire in World War I Lists of military units and formations of World War I Military units and formations of Russia in World War I Military of the Russian Empire Armies of the Russian Empire Lists of Russian and Soviet military units and formations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Danube Army (World War I)
The Russian Danube Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Romanian Front. Field management was established in November 1916, when the Dobruja Army was disbanded after the loss of the Cernavodă-Constanța line (following the Second Battle of Cobadin) to the German-Bulgarian-Ottoman Army under command of August von Mackensen. The army consisted of: * the 47th Army Corps (General Vasiliy Artemiev) **61st Infantry Division (General Panteleimon Simanskiy) **115th Infantry Division (General Aleksandr Freiman) **3rd Caucasian Rifle Division (General Feliks Iozefovich) **3rd Don Cossack Division (General Aleksandr Dolgorukov) **27th Mortar Artillery Battalion * the 6th Cavalry Corps (General Aleksandr Pavlov) **12th Cavalry Division (General Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim) **Trans-Amur Horse Division (General Georgiy Rozalion-Soshalskiy) **4th Armed Vehicle Division (Lieutenant Colonel Orest Zhelyabuzhskiy) **10th Armed Vehicle Detachment **11th Armed Vehicle Detachme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Battle Of Cobadin
The Second Battle of Cobadin was a battle fought from 19 to 25 October 1916 between the Central Powers, chiefly the Bulgarian Third Army, and the Entente, represented by the Russo–Romanian Dobruja Army. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Central Powers; it resulted in the occupation of the strategic port of Constanța and the capture of the railway between that city and Cernavodă. Aftermath Battle of the Danube Delta Despite the loss of most of Dobruja to the Central Powers, the Romanian defensive victory at Tulcea in January 1917, combined with the actions of the Romanian cruiser '' Elisabeta'' at the mouths of the Danube, ensured Romanian control over the entire Danube Delta throughout the rest of the War.Mihai Giurescu, ''Warship International, Volume 21'' , p. 166 See also *First Battle of Cobadin The First Battle of Cobadin, also known as the First Battle of the Rasova–Cobadin–Tuzla Line, was a battle fought from 17 to 19 of September 1916 between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constanța
Constanța (, ; ; rup, Custantsa; bg, Кюстенджа, Kyustendzha, or bg, Констанца, Konstantsa, label=none; el, Κωνστάντζα, Kōnstántza, or el, Κωνστάντια, Kōnstántia, label=none; tr, Köstence), historically known as Tomis ( grc, Τόμις), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania, founded around 600 BC, and among the oldest in Europe. A port-city, it is located in the Northern Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the historical region of Dobrogea. Romania’s fifth largest city, it is also the largest port on the Black Sea. As of the 2011 census, Constanța has a population of 283,872. The Constanța metropolitan area includes 14 localities within of the city. It is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Romania. The Port of Constanța has an area of and a length of about . It is the largest port on the Black Sea, and one of the larges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cernavodă
Cernavodă () is a town in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania with a population of 20,514. The town's name is derived from the Bulgarian ''černa voda'' (черна вода in Cyrillic), meaning 'black water'. This name is regarded by some scholars as a calque of the earlier Thracian name ''Axíopa'', from IE *''n̥ksei'' 'dark' and ''upā'' 'water' (cf. Avestan ''axšaēna-'' 'dark' and Lithuanian ''ùpė'' 'river, creek'). Economy The town is a Danube fluvial port. It houses the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant, consisting of two CANDU reactors providing about 18% of Romania's electrical energy output. The second reactor was built through a joint venture between Canada's Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and Italy's ANSALDO and became fully functional in November 2007. The Danube-Black Sea Canal, opened in 1984, runs from Cernavodă to Agigea and Năvodari. The outskirts of Cernavodă host numerous vineyards, producers of Chardonnay wine. The largest winery in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was , which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. –The German Empire" ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine''. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
