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Royal Commission On Hand-Loom Weavers
The Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weavers was an enquiry in the United Kingdom into unemployment and poverty in the textile industry. It was set up in 1837, and issued a number of reports, to 1841. Background The number of handloom weavers in the United Kingdom was estimated at 400,000, and the economic consequences of industrial textile production bore heavily on them. Weaving on handlooms had experienced a boom in the decade 1795 to 1805. The fact-finding of the assistant commissioners in 1837–8 occurred against a background of widespread unrest. The poor condition of handloom weavers was notorious in the 1830s, and was rapidly deteriorating. A parliamentary select committee produced reports on petitions from the weavers in 1834 and 1835. It was chaired by Sir John Maxwell, 7th Baronet, who with John Fielden called witnesses sympathetic to the weavers. Fielden via Maxwell introduced a minimum wage bill in parliament in 1835. The opposition of '' laisser faire'' members meant it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handloom
A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same. Etymology and usage The word "loom" derives from the Old English ''geloma'', formed from ''ge-'' (perfective prefix) and ''loma'', a root of unknown origin; the whole word ''geloma'' meant a utensil, tool, or machine of any kind. In 1404 "lome" was used to mean a machine to enable weaving thread into cloth. By 1838 "loom" had gained the additional meaning of a machine for interlacing thread. Weaving Weaving is done by intersecting the longitudinal threads, the warp, i.e. "that which is thrown across", with the transverse threads, the weft, i.e. "that which is woven". The major components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses or shafts (as few as two, four is common, sixteen not unheard of), s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Augustus Miles (1798–1851)
William Augustus Miles (c. 1753–1817) was an English political writer. He was also a British agent in the years around the French Revolution. He is not to be confused with William Augustus Miles (1798–1851), penitentiary reformer. Early life Born 1 July 1753 or 1754, he was son of Jefferson Miles, who was employed as proof-master general (died 1763), a supervisory artillery position. As a boy, he ran away from a school near Portsmouth, to support John Wilkes. After travelling in America, Miles returned to England and was appointed in 1770 to the Ordnance Office. He lost the post shortly, by quarrelling with his superiors. Through David Garrick he obtained a civil appointment in the Royal Navy. He served under George Rodney in the West Indies during the American Revolutionary War, was in Newfoundland in 1779, and two years later was a French prisoner of war in St. Lucia. Soon after his release he left the service. In August 1782 Miles was in Dublin, and was corresponding with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Royal Commissions
British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout the British Isles * Celtic Britons, an ancient ethno-linguistic group * Brittonic languages, a branch of the Insular Celtic language family (formerly called British) ** Common Brittonic, an ancient language Other uses *''Brit(ish)'', a 2018 memoir by Afua Hirsch *People or things associated with: ** Great Britain, an island ** United Kingdom, a sovereign state ** Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) ** United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922) See also * Terminology of the British Isles * Alternative names for the British * English (other) * Britannic (other) * British Isles * Brit (other) * Briton (d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Melbourne
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, (15 March 177924 November 1848), in some sources called Henry William Lamb, was a British Whig politician who served as Home Secretary (1830–1834) and Prime Minister (1834 and 1835–1841). His first premiership ended when he was dismissed by King William IV in 1834, the last British prime minister to be dismissed by a monarch. Five months later he was re-appointed and served for six more years, into the reign of Queen Victoria. He is best known for coaching the Queen in the ways of politics, acting almost as her private secretary. Historians do not rank Melbourne's tenure as prime minister favourably, as he had no great foreign wars or domestic issues to handle, and he was involved in several political scandals in the early years of Victoria's reign. Early life Born in London in 1779 to an aristocratic Whig family, William Lamb was the son of the 1st Viscount Melbourne and Elizabeth, Viscountess Melbourne (1751–1818). However, his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Education
Moral and national education (MNE), initially known as Moral and civic education (MCE), was a school curriculum proposed by the Education Bureau of Hong Kong in 2012. The subject was controversial for its stance on the Chinese Communist Party and criticism of the United States two-party system. Background Moral and civic education was one of the four key tasks in the 2001 curriculum reform undertaken by the Education and Manpower Bureau (superseded by the Education Bureau in 2007), and its framework was revised by the Education Bureau in 2008. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsang stated in the " Policy Address 2010–2011" that moral and national education would replace MCE to "strengthen national education". The government planned to introduce the new subject in primary schools in 2012 and secondary schools in 2013, and carried out a four-month consultation in 2011. Following the opposition from the public, the government postponed the commencement of the subje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Fletcher (statistician)
Joseph Fletcher (1813 – 1852) was an English statistical writer and barrister. He worked also on official committees and as a schools inspector. Education Fletcher trained as a barrister, entering the Middle Temple in 1838 and being called to the bar in 1841. Career Fletcher was the secretary of the Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weavers. Starting in 1844, he worked as a schools inspector. From a young age, Fletcher wrote reports on social and health issues. These included one on child employment in lead mines, for the Children's Employment Commission 1842. His commission reports influenced legislation. The findings of the children's employment commission in particular laid the basis for parliamentary control. As a schools inspector he wrote also on education. In 1850 Fletcher published a ''Summary of the Moral Statistics of England and Wales''; and in the following year a work on ''Education: National, Voluntary, and Free''. He was unconvinced of the moral superiority of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jelinger Cookson Symons
Jelinger Cookson Symons (27 August 1809 – 7 April 1860) was an English barrister, school inspector and writer. Life He was born at West Ilsley, Berkshire, on 27 August 1809; his father Jelinger Symons was a cleric known as a naturalist. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1832. In 1835 Symons received a commission from the Home Office to inquire into the state of the hand-loom weavers and manufacturers. He travelled for it in Lancashire and Scotland, and parts of Switzerland. He then held a tithe commissionership, and was a commissioner to inquire into the state of the mining population of the north of England. On 9 June 1843 Symons was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. He went the Oxford circuit, and attended the Gloucester quarter sessions. During this period of his life he was editor of the ''Law Magazine'', up to its union with the ''Law Review'' in 1856. In 1846 he was appointed a commissioner to collect information on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cæsar Otway
Caesar Otway (1780–1842) was born at Castle Otway near Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland in 1780. He was an Irish author and clergyman who wanted to study and improve the condition of the poor. Life His parents were Cooke and Elizabeth Otway and his elder brothers included Admiral Robert Otway and Loftus who became a general. Cooke had been an officer in the Irish Volunteers militia. Otway matriculated at Trinity College, Dublin, on 6 December 1796, being then 16 years old, and graduated B.A. in 1801. He took holy orders in the Church of Ireland in 1810. He worked as a parish priest for 17 years, before becoming assistant chaplain at the Magdalen Asylum in Dublin. Otway was involved in the establishment of a number of journals. With Joseph Henderson Singer, he started, in 1825, the ''Christian Examiner'', the first Irish religious magazine for Anglicans. He was a good friend of the writer William Carleton, who first made his mark in the ''Examiner''. He co-operated with Geor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Oastler
Richard Oastler (20 December 1789 – 22 August 1861) was a "Tory radical", an active opponent of Catholic Emancipation and Parliamentary Reform and a lifelong admirer of the Duke of Wellington; but also an abolitionist and prominent in the "anti-Poor Law" resistance to the implementation of the "New Poor Law" of 1834. Most notably, as his sobriquet of the "Factory King" indicates, he was at the heart of the campaign for a ten-hour working day in its early years: although less so by the time of its successful culmination in the Factories Act 1847, he retained the sobriquet. "Moved by pity and indignation at the long hours worked by young children in factories, he devoted his life to their emancipation, and was a tireless champion of the Ten Hours Factory Bill" noted a commemorative plaque erected in Leeds parish church in 1925. "He cannot altogether claim prominence as a political thinker...but history acclaims him not as a politician, but as an agitator" commented the ''Yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Mitchell (scientific Writer)
James Mitchell may refer to: Entertainment * James Mitchell (actor) (1920–2010), American actor who played Palmer Cortlandt on ''All My Children'' * James Mitchell (writer) (1926–2002), British writer whose works include the TV series ''Callan'' and ''When The Boat Comes In'' * James "Jim" Mitchell, American porn director who killed his brother; see Mitchell brothers * James Leslie Mitchell, British author who used the pseudonym Lewis Grassic Gibbon Politics * James Mitchell (Covenanter) (died 1678), Scottish fanatic who tried to murder an archbishop * James Mitchell (New South Wales politician) (1789 or 1792–1869), New South Wales surgeon, businessman and politician * James S. Mitchell (1784–1844), U.S. congressman from Pennsylvania * James Coffield Mitchell (1786–1843), U.S. Congressman from Tennessee * James L. Mitchell (1834–1894), mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana * James George Mitchell (1847–1919), Pennsylvania state senator and United States soldier * James ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846. The word ''corn'' in British English denotes all cereal grains, including wheat, oats and barley. They were designed to keep corn prices high to favour domestic producers, and represented British mercantilism. The Corn Laws blocked the import of cheap corn, initially by simply forbidding importation below a set price, and later by imposing steep import duties, making it too expensive to import it from abroad, even when food supplies were short. The House of Commons passed the corn law bill on March 10, 1815, the House of Lords on March 20 and the bill received Royal assent on March 23, 1815. The Corn Laws enhanced the profits and political power associated with land ownership. The laws raised food prices and the costs of living for the British public, and hampered the growth of other British economic sectors, such as manufacturing, by reducing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
